(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.

In this Act:

(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term “Department” means the Department of Agriculture.

(2) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (4), by striking “September 30, 2013” and inserting “September 30, 2024”; and

(2) in paragraph (19)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “$5.50” and inserting “$6.35”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “$3.70” and inserting “$4.10”;

(C) in subparagraph (C), by striking “$3.95” and inserting “$4.40”;

(D) in subparagraph (D), by striking “$4.95” and inserting “$5.45”;

(E) in subparagraph (E), by striking “$2.40” and inserting “$2.65”;

(F) in subparagraph (F), by striking “$14.00” and inserting “$16.90”;

(G) in subparagraph (G), by striking “$14.00” and inserting “$16.90”;

(H) in subparagraph (H), by striking “$8.40” and inserting “$10.00”;

(I) in subparagraph (I), by striking “$20.15” and inserting “$23.75”;

(J) in subparagraph (J), by striking “$535.00” and inserting “$630.00”;

(K) in subparagraph (K), by striking “$11.00” and inserting “$13.10”;

(L) in subparagraph (L), by striking “$19.97” and inserting “$23.75”;

(M) in subparagraph (M), by striking “$19.04” and inserting “$22.65”;

(N) in subparagraph (N), by striking “$21.54” and inserting “$25.65”; and

(O) in subparagraph (O), by striking “$0.367” and inserting “$0.42”.

Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012) is amended:

(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

“(a) 1-time opportunity to add base acres.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—

“(A) NOTICE OF OPPORTUNITY TO ADD BASE ACRES.—As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide notice to the owners of a farm regarding the allocation of base acres to such farm in the manner provided in this subsection.

“(B) CONTENT OF NOTICE.—The notice under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:

“(i) Information that the allocation is occurring.

“(ii) Information regarding the eligibility of the farm for an allocation of base acres under paragraph (2).

“(iii) Information on how an owner may appeal a determination of ineligibility for an allocation of base acres under paragraph (2) through an appeals process established by the Secretary.

“(C) OPT-OUT.—An owner of a farm that is eligible to receive an allocation of base acres may elect to not receive such allocation by notifying the Secretary.

“(2) ELIGIBILITY.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (E), effective beginning with the 2025 crop year, a farm is eligible to receive an allocation of base acres if, with respect to such farm, the amount described in subparagraph (B) exceeds the amount described in subparagraph (C).

“(B) 5-YEAR AVERAGE SUM.—The amount described in this subparagraph is, with respect to a farm, the sum of—

“(i) the 5-year average of—

“(I) the acreage planted on the farm to all covered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and

“(II) any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to covered commodities because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary; plus

“(ii) the lesser of the following:

“(I) 15 percent of the total acres on the farm.

“(II) The 5-year average of—

“(aa) the acreage planted on the farm to eligible non-covered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and

“(bb) any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to eligible non-covered commodities because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary.

“(C) TOTAL NUMBER OF BASE ACRES FOR COVERED COMMODITIES.—The amount described in this subparagraph is, with respect to a farm, the total number of base acres for covered commodities on the farm (excluding unassigned crop base), as in effect on September 30, 2024.

“(D) ACREAGE PLANTED ON THE FARM TO ELIGIBLE NON-COVERED COMMODITIES DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term ‘acreage planted on the farm to eligible non-covered commodities’ means acreage planted on a farm to commodities other than covered commodities, trees, bushes, vines, grass, or pasture (including cropland that was idle or fallow), as determined by the Secretary.

“(E) EFFECT OF NO RECENT PLANTINGS OF COVERED COMMODITIES.—In the case of a farm for which the amount determined under clause (i) of subparagraph (B) is equal to zero, such farm shall be ineligible to receive an allocation of base acres under this subsection.

“(3) ELIGIBLE ACRES.—Subject to paragraph (5), the acres eligible for allocation to base acres—

“(A) shall be equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the amount determined under subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) from the amount determined under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph; and

“(B) shall include unassigned crop base.

“(4) ALLOCATION OF ACRES.—

“(A) ALLOCATION.—For the purpose of applying this subsection to covered commodities, the Secretary shall allocate the eligible acres under paragraph (3) among those covered commodities planted on the farm at any time during the 2019 through 2023 crop years.

“(B) ALLOCATION FORMULA.—The allocation of eligible acres to base acres for covered commodities shall be in proportion to the ratio of—

“(i) the 5-year average of—

“(I) the acreage planted on the farm to each covered commodity for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and

“(II) any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to that covered commodity because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary; to

“(ii) the 5-year average determined under paragraph (2)(B)(i).

“(C) INCLUSION OF ALL 5 YEARS IN AVERAGE.—For the purpose of determining a 5-year acreage average under subparagraph (B) for a farm, the Secretary shall not exclude any crop year in which a covered commodity was not planted.

“(D) TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE PLANTING OR PREVENTED PLANTING.—For the purpose of determining under subparagraph (B) the acreage on a farm that producers planted or were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to covered commodities, if the acreage that was planted or prevented from being planted was devoted to another covered commodity in the same crop year (other than a covered commodity produced under an established practice of double cropping), the owner may elect the commodity to be used for that crop year in determining the 5-year average, but may not include both the initial commodity and the subsequent commodity.

“(E) LIMITATION.—The allocation of eligible acres to base acres among covered commodities on a farm under this paragraph may not result in a total number of base acres for the farm in excess of the total number of acres on the farm.

“(5) REDUCTION BY THE SECRETARY.—In carrying out this subsection, if the total number of eligible acres allocated to base acres across all farms in the United States under this subsection would exceed 30,000,000 acres, the Secretary shall apply an across the board, pro-rata reduction to the number of eligible acres to ensure the number of allocated base acres under this subsection is equal to 30,000,000 acres.

“(6) PAYMENT YIELD.—Beginning with crop year 2025, for the purpose of making price loss coverage payments under section 1116, the Secretary shall establish payment yields to base acres allocated under this subsection equal to—

“(A) the payment yield established on the farm for the applicable covered commodity; and

“(B) if no such payment yield for the applicable covered commodity exists, a payment yield—

“(i) equal to the average payment yield for the covered commodity for the county in which the farm is situated; or

“(ii) determined pursuant to section 1113(c).

“(7) TREATMENT OF NEW OWNERS.—In the case of a farm for which the owner on the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 was not the owner for the 2019 crop year, the Secretary shall use the planting history of the prior owner or owners of such farm for purposes of determining eligibility under paragraph (2), eligible acres under paragraph (3), and the allocation of acres under paragraph (4).”;

(2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking “Notwithstanding the election made under subsection (a), the” and inserting “The”;

(3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking “Notwithstanding the election made under subsection (a), if” and inserting “If”; and

(4) in subsection (d)(3)(A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking “and for” and inserting “, for”; and

(B) by inserting “, and for the 2025 through 2029 crop years (subject to subsection (h))” after “(subject to subsection (h))”; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2014 crop year or the 2019 crop year, as applicable” and inserting “2014 crop year, 2019 crop year, or 2025 crop year, as applicable”;

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking “2014 crop year or the 2019 crop year, as applicable,” and inserting “2014 crop year, 2019 crop year, or 2025 crop year, as applicable,”; and

(C) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “and” at the end;

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(C) the same coverage for each covered commodity on the farm for the 2026 through 2029 crop years as was applicable for the 2024 crop year.”.

Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(2) in subsection (c)(1)(B)—

(A) in the heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(3) in subsection (d), by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9017) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2014 through 2018 crop years or the 2019 through 2023 crop years, as applicable” and inserting “2014 through 2018 crop years, 2019 through 2023 crop years, or 2025 through 2029 crop years, as applicable”;

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “for each of 2014 through 2024 crop years and 90 percent of the benchmark revenue for each of 2025 through 2029 crop years” before the period at the end;

(B) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(C) in paragraph (4)(B)—

(i) in the heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(ii) by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(D) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(3) by amending subsection (d)(1)(B) to read as follows:

“(B) (i) for each of the crop years 2014 through 2024, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop year applicable under subsection (c); and

“(ii) for each of the crop years 2025 through 2029, 12.5 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop year applicable under subsection (c).”;

(4) in subsection (e), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(5) in subsection (g)(5), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Availability of nonrecourse loans.—Section 1201(b)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Loan rates.—Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9032) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”;

(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”;

(2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively;

(3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

“(c) 2025 through 2029 crop years.—For purposes of each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the loan rate for a marketing assistance loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity shall be equal to the following:

“(1) In the case of wheat, $3.72 per bushel.

“(2) In the case of corn, $2.42 per bushel.

“(3) In the case of grain sorghum, $2.42 per bushel.

“(4) In the case of barley, $2.75 per bushel.

“(5) In the case of oats, $2.20 per bushel.

“(6) In the case of base quality of upland cotton, $0.55 per pound.

“(7) In the case of extra long staple cotton, $1.00 per pound.

“(8) In the case of long grain rice, $7.70 per hundredweight.

“(9) In the case of medium grain rice, $7.70 per hundredweight.

“(10) In the case of soybeans, $6.82 per bushel.

“(11) In the case of other oilseeds, $11.10 per hundredweight for each of the following kinds of oilseeds:

“(A) Sunflower seed.

“(B) Rapeseed.

“(C) Canola.

“(D) Safflower.

“(E) Flaxseed.

“(F) Mustard seed.

“(G) Crambe.

“(H) Sesame seed.

“(I) Other oilseeds designated by the Secretary.

“(12) In the case of dry peas, $6.87 per hundredweight.

“(13) In the case of lentils, $14.30 per hundredweight.

“(14) In the case of small chickpeas, $11.00 per hundredweight.

“(15) In the case of large chickpeas, $15.40 per hundredweight.

“(16) In the case of graded wool, $1.60 per pound.

“(17) In the case of nongraded wool, $0.55 per pound.

“(18) In the case of mohair, $5.00 per pound.

“(19) In the case of honey, $1.50 per pound.

“(20) In the case of peanuts, $390 per ton.”; and

(4) by amending subsection (e) (as so redesignated) to read as follows:

“(e) Special rule for seed cotton and corn.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of section 1116(b)(2) and paragraphs (1)(B)(ii) and (2)(A)(ii)(II) of section 1117(b), the loan rate shall be deemed to equal—

“(A) for seed cotton, $0.30 per pound; and

“(B) for corn, $3.30 per bushel.

“(2) EFFECT.—Nothing in this subsection authorizes any nonrecourse marketing assistance loan under this subtitle for seed cotton.”.

(a) In general.—Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “(subject to subsection (j))” after “section 1201 for upland cotton”; and

(2) in subsection (d)—

(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and

(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

“(2) a formula to determine the prevailing world market price for upland cotton that, during any period which price quotations for Middling (M) one and three-thirty-second inch cotton are available, is based on the average of the 3 lowest-priced growths that are quoted; and”.

(b) Flexibility for seasonal loan redemptions.—Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(j) Reimbursement for upland cotton.—In the case of a marketing assistance loan under section 1201 for upland cotton that is repaid by a producer on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall provide a reimbursement to such producer in an amount equal to the difference obtained by subtracting—

“(1) the amount the producer would have paid under such loan using the lowest prevailing world market price during the 30-day period beginning on the date on which such loan was repaid, from

“(2) the amount repaid by the producer.”.

Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is further amended—

(1) in subsection (c)—

(A) by striking “shall be at the” and inserting the following: shall be the lesser of—

“(1) the”;

(B) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) the prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section.”;

(2) in subsection (d)(1)—

(A) by striking “upland cotton” and inserting “extra long staple cotton”; and

(B) by striking “and” at the end; and

(3) in subsection (e)—

(A) in the heading, by inserting “extra long staple cotton,” after “upland cotton,”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in the heading, by inserting “upland” before “cotton”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking “2024” and inserting “2030”.

(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and

(D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

“(3) EXTRA LONG STAPLE COTTON.—The prevailing world market price for extra long staple cotton determined under subsection (d)—

“(A) shall be adjusted to United States quality and location, with the adjustment to include the average costs to market the commodity, including average transportation costs, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(B) may be further adjusted, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this paragraph and ending on July 31, 2030, if the Secretary determines the adjustment is necessary—

“(i) to minimize potential loan forfeitures;

“(ii) to minimize the accumulation of stocks of extra long staple cotton by the Federal Government;

“(iii) to ensure that extra long staple cotton produced in the United States can be marketed freely and competitively, both domestically and internationally; and

“(iv) to ensure an appropriate transition between current-crop and forward-crop price quotations, except that the Secretary may use forward-crop price quotations prior to July 31 of a marketing year only if—

“(I) there are insufficient current-crop price quotations; and

“(II) the forward-crop price quotation is the lowest such quotation available.”.

Section 1204(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(g)) is amended—

(1) by striking “Effective” and inserting the following:

“(1) CROP YEARS 2014 THROUGH 2024.—Effective”;

(2) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated, by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) PAYMENT OF COTTON STORAGE COSTS.—Effective for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make cotton storage payments for upland cotton and extra long staple cotton available in the same manner as the Secretary provided storage payments for the 2006 crop of upland cotton, except that the payment rate shall be equal to the lesser of—

“(A) the submitted tariff rate for the current marketing year; or

“(B) in the case of storage in—

“(i) California or Arizona, a payment rate of $4.90; and

“(ii) any other State, a payment rate of $3.00.”.

Section 1207(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9037(c)(2)) is amended to read as follows:

“(2) VALUE OF ASSISTANCE.—The value of the assistance provided under paragraph (1) shall be—

“(A) for the period beginning on August 1, 2013, and ending on July 31, 2024, 3 cents per pound; and

“(B) beginning on August 1, 2024, 5 cents per pound.”.

Section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (5), by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) 24.00 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.”; and

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “and”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) a rate that is equal to 136.55 percent of the loan rate per pound of raw cane sugar under subsection (a)(6) for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.”.

Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended—

(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

“(a) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the 2025 crop year and each subsequent crop year thereafter, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than—

“(1) in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per hundredweight per month; and

“(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per hundredweight per month.”; and

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the heading, by striking “Subsequent” and inserting “Prior”; and

(B) by striking “and subsequent” and inserting “through 2024”.

(a) Allocation to processors.—Section 359c(g)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2)) is amended—

(1) by striking “In” and inserting “(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet sugar processors the Secretary shall give priority to such processors with available sugar.”.

(b) Timing of reassignment.—Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is amended—

(1) by striking “If” and inserting “(A) In general.—If”;

(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) TIMING.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary shall—

“(i) make an initial determination following the publication of the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) by the World Agricultural Outlook Board for the month of January that is applicable to the crop year for which allotments are required; and

“(ii) provide for an initial reassignment under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 days after the announcement of such WASDE.”.

Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Reallocation.—

“(1) INITIAL REALLOCATION.—Subject to paragraph (3), following the establishment of the tariff-rate quotas under subsection (a), the United States Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, shall—

“(A) determine which countries do not intend to fill their allocation for the quota year; and

“(B) reallocate any forecasted shortfall as soon as practicable.

“(2) SUBSEQUENT REALLOCATION.—Subject to paragraph (3), not later than March 1 of a quota year, the United States Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, shall reallocate any additional forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the minimum tariff-rate quotas for raw cane sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for that quota year.

“(3) EARLY CESSATION OF EFFECTIVENESS.—Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply if—

“(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico (C–201–846) is terminated; and

“(B) the countervailing duty order on sugar from Mexico is revoked.

“(d) Refined sugar.—

“(1) STUDY REQUIRED.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall carry out a study on whether additional terms and conditions with respect to refined sugar imports are necessary and appropriate.

“(B) ELEMENTS.—In conducting the study required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall examine the following:

“(i) The need for:

“(I) Defining ‘refined sugar’ as having a minimum polarization of 99.8 degrees or higher.

“(II) Establishing a standard for color or reflectance based units for refined sugar such as those utilized by the International Commission of Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis.

“(III) Prescribing specifications for packaging type for refined sugar.

“(IV) Prescribing specifications for transportation modes for refined sugar.

“(V) Requiring affidavits or other evidence that sugar imported as refined will not undergo further refining in the United States.

“(VI) Prescribing appropriate terms and conditions to avoid the circumvention of United States law relative to any sugar imports.

“(VII) requiring other additional definitions, terms and conditions, or other requirements.

“(ii) The potential impact of each of subclauses (I) through (VII) of clause (i) on the domestic sugar industry.

“(iii) Whether, based on the need described in clause (i) and the impact described in clause (ii), additional terms and conditions are appropriate.

“(C) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the study required by paragraph (A), the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the domestic sugar industry, users of refined sugar, and relevant State and Federal agencies.

“(D) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes the findings of the study required under subparagraph (A).

“(2) ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS PERMITTED.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Based on the findings in the report submitted under paragraph (1)(D), the Secretary may establish through the rulemaking authorized under subparagraph (B) such additional terms and conditions after providing notice to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

“(B) PROMULGATION OF REGULATIONS.—The Secretary may issue regulations to establish and implement any additional terms and conditions determined necessary and appropriate pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), so long as such regulations—

“(i) do not have an adverse impact on the domestic sugar industry; and

“(ii) are consistent with the requirements of this part, section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272), and obligations under international trade agreements that have been approved by Congress.

“(3) DOMESTIC SUGAR INDUSTRY.—In this subsection, the term ‘domestic sugar industry’ means domestic—

“(A) sugar beet producers and processors;

“(B) producers and processors of sugar cane; and

“(C) refiners of raw cane sugar.”.

Section 359k(b)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk(b)(1)) is amended—

(1) by striking “Before” and inserting “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, before”; and

(2) by striking “if there is an” and inserting “for the sole purpose of responding directly to an”.

(a) Definition.—Section 1401(8) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9051(8)) is amended by striking “when the participating dairy operation first registers to participate in dairy margin coverage”.

(b) Production history of participating dairy operations.—Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended—

(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

“(a) Production history.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the production history of a dairy operation for dairy margin coverage is equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation during any one of the 2021, 2022, or 2023 calendar years.”; and

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);

(B) by striking “Operations” in the subsection heading and all that follows through “In the case” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) and inserting the following: “operations.—In the case”; and

(C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, and indenting appropriately.

(a) Tier I.—Section 1407(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(b)) is amended—

(1) in the heading, by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”; and

(2) in paragraph (1), by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”.

(b) Tier II.—Section 1407(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(c)) is amended—

(1) in the heading, by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”; and

(2) in paragraph (1), by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”.

(c) Premium discounts.—Section 1407(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(g)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”; and

(B) by striking “January 2019” and inserting “January 2025”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

Section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking “and” at the end;

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(C) for each manufacturer required to report under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that manufacturer to report production cost and product yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for all products processed in the same facility or facilities.”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting “products and” after “those”;

(2) in subsection (d)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Electronic Reporting” and inserting “Reporting”;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in the heading, by striking “Electronic reporting” and inserting “Reporting”; and

(ii) by striking “this section” and inserting in its place “subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1)”;

(C) in paragraph (2), by striking “this section” and inserting in its place “subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1)”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING COSTS.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report containing the information obtained under subparagraph (C) of subsection (b)(1).”.

(a) In general.—Section 8c(5)(A) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(5)(A)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, is amended by striking the third sentence and inserting “For the period beginning on the earlier of the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 and the date on which the Announcement of Advanced Prices and Pricing Factors is first published after such date of enactment and ending on the effective date of a modification by amendment to the order involved, for purposes of determining prices for milk of the highest use classification, the Class I skim milk price per hundredweight specified in section 1000.50(b) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), shall be the sum of the adjusted Class I differential specified in section 1000.52 of such title 7 (or successor regulations), plus the adjustment to Class I prices specified in sections 1005.51(b), 1006.51(b), and 1007.51(b) of such title 7 (or successor regulations), plus the higher of the advanced pricing factors computed in sections 1000.50(q)(1) and 1000.50(q)(2) of such title 7 (or successor regulations).”.

(b) Implementation.—Implementation of the amendment made by subsection (a) shall not be subject to any of the following:

(1) The notice and comment provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code.

(2) The notice and hearing requirements of section 8c(3) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(3)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937.

(3) The order amendment requirements of section 8c(17) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(17)).

(4) A referendum under section 8c(19) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(19)).

(a) Forward Pricing.—Section 1502 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772) is amended by striking subsection (e).

(b) Indemnity Program.—Section 3 of Public Law 90–484 (7 U.S.C. 4553) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(c) Promotion and Research.—Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 301 of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4514) is amended by striking “Not later” and all that follows through “an annual report,” and inserting “With respect to each calendar year beginning after the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, a report (which shall be submitted not later than 18 months after the last day of such calendar year)”.

(a) In general.—Section 1501(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(b)) is amended—

(1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:

“(2) PAYMENT RATES.—

“(A) LOSSES DUE TO PREDATION.—Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1)(A) shall be made at a rate of 100 percent of the market value of the affected livestock on the applicable date, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) LOSSES DUE TO ADVERSE WEATHER OR DISEASE.—Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be made at a rate of 75 percent of the market value of the affected livestock on the applicable date, as determined by the Secretary.

“(C) DETERMINATION OF MARKET VALUE.—The Secretary shall determine the market value described in paragraphs (A) and (B)—

“(i) in coordination with the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service;

“(ii) using other appropriate resources, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(iii) on a quarterly basis.

“(D) APPLICABLE DATE DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term ‘applicable date’ means, with respect to livestock, as applicable—

“(i) the day before the date of death of the livestock; or

“(ii) the day before the date of the event that caused the harm to the livestock that resulted in a reduced sale price.”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(5) ADDITIONAL PAYMENT FOR UNBORN LIVESTOCK.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In the case of unborn livestock death losses incurred on or after January 1, 2024, the Secretary shall make an additional payment to eligible producers on farms that have incurred such losses in excess of the normal mortality due to a condition specified in paragraph (1).

“(B) PAYMENT RATE.—Additional payments under subparagraph (A) shall be made at a rate—

“(i) determined by the Secretary; and

“(ii) less than or equal to 85 percent of the payment rate established with respect to the lowest weight class of the livestock, as determined by the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency.

“(C) PAYMENT AMOUNT.—The amount of a payment to an eligible producer that has incurred unborn livestock death losses shall be equal to the payment rate determined under subparagraph (B) multiplied, in the case of livestock described in—

“(i) subparagraph (A), (B), or (F) of subsection (a)(4), by 1;

“(ii) subparagraph (D) of such subsection, by 2;

“(iii) subparagraph (E) of such subsection, by 12; and

“(iv) subparagraph (G) of such subsection, by the average number of birthed animals (for one gestation cycle) for the species of each such livestock, as determined by the Secretary.

“(D) UNBORN LIVESTOCK DEATH LOSSES DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term ‘unborn livestock death losses’ means losses of any livestock described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or (G) of subsection (a)(4) that was gestating on the date of the death of the livestock.”.

(b) Determination of losses.—

(1) LIVESTOCK INDEMNITY PROGRAM.—In determining livestock death losses in excess of the normal mortality for purposes of livestock indemnity payments under section 1501(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(b)), the Secretary shall—

(A) with respect to eligible animal attacks by animals or avian predators treat documentation showing probability or confirmation of such an attack as sufficient to qualify for a payment under such program; and

(B) calculate normal mortality as the numerical amount, computed by a percentage, as established for the area by the Farm Service Agency State Committee, of expected livestock deaths by category (except that such amount shall not include attacks by animals reintroduced into the wild by the Federal Government or protected by Federal law, including wolves and avian predators), that normally occur during a calendar year for a producer.

(2) LIVESTOCK FORAGE PROGRAM.—In determining grazing losses for covered livestock under the livestock forage program section under 1501(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)), the Secretary shall provide eligible livestock producers not less than 90 days after the calendar year in which such grazing losses occurred to submit a completed application for assistance and the required supporting documentation relating to such losses.

(3) REVISION OF REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall issue or revise regulations in accordance with this section and the amendment made by this section, including sections 1416.302 and 1416.305 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act).

(c) Codification of bovine weight categories.—For purposes of determining payments under subsection (b) of section 1501 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) with respect to livestock described in subsection (a)(4)(A) of such section, the Secretary shall use the following:

(1) Weight categories of either less than 400 pounds or 400 pounds or more.

(2) Such other weight categories as the Secretary determines appropriate, except that such weight categories may only be set at an amount that is greater than 400 pounds.

In determining honeybee colony losses eligible for assistance under section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)), the Secretary shall review the normal mortality rate used for the calculation of such assistance and adjust such rate as necessary to not include losses caused by colony collapse disorder, as determined by the Secretary.

(a) Definitions.—Section 1501(e)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(1)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “or biennial” after “annual”; and

(2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “or pest” after “insect”.

(b) Lowering mortality threshold.—Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “15 percent (adjusted for normal mortality)” and inserting “normal mortality”;

(2) in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking “15 percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality)” and inserting “normal mortality”; and

(3) in paragraph (3)(B)—

(A) by striking “50 percent” and inserting “65 percent”; and

(B) by striking “15 percent damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality) ” and inserting “normal tree damage or mortality”.

(c) Assistance.—Section 1501(e)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(3)) is amended in the matter before subparagraph (A) by striking “and (5)” and inserting “, (5), and (6)”.

(d) Requirements with respect to assistance.—Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(6) TIMING REQUIREMENTS.—An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of assistance under this subsection, to replant new trees and salvage existing trees for which such assistance is provided not later than—

“(A) 12 months after the application for such assistance is approved; or

“(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A) is not adequate for tree survival, at such time as is necessary to ensure tree survival.

“(7) ALTERNATIVES USED IN REPLANTING.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this subsection with respect to tree loss may use such assistance to replant using—

“(i) an alternative variety;

“(ii) an alternative stand density; and

“(iii) an alternative location.

“(B) LIMITATIONS WITH RESPECT TO ALTERNATIVES.—The assistance provided by the Secretary to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers for losses described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A), may not be greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower planted the variety or stand density lost or planted in the location in which the loss occurred, as applicable.”.

(e) Deadline for application status.—Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9801(e)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(8) DEADLINE FOR APPLICATION STATUS.—Not later than 120 days after receiving an application for assistance under this subsection, the Secretary shall—

“(A) approve or deny such application; and

“(B) notify the applicant of such approval or denial.”.

(a) In general.—Subtitle E of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents for the Agricultural Act of 2014 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1501 the following:

“1502. Assistance in the form of block grants.”.

Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is amended by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

Section 1614 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (3), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking the period at the end and adding “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(5) establish a system that provides producers the option to repay a marketing assistance loan under section 1204 during a lapse in appropriations regardless of whether an employee of the Department is on furlough.”; and

(2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:

“(5) FARM, FOOD, AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 2024.—The Secretary shall make available to the Farm Service Agency to carry out titles I and XI of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 and the amendments made by those titles $50,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which—

“(A) $15,000,000 shall be used to carry out the mandatory cost surveys required by paragraph (3) of section 273(d) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b(d)), as added by the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024;

“(B) not less than $5,000,000 shall be used to carry out paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (b);

“(C) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities described in paragraph (3)(A); and

“(D) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities described in paragraph (3)(B).”.

(a) In general.—Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:

“(6) QUALIFIED PASS THROUGH ENTITY.—The term ‘qualified pass through entity’ means—

“(A) a partnership (within the meaning of subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986);

“(B) a limited liability company that does not affirmatively elect to be treated as a corporation;

“(C) an S corporation (as defined in section 1361 of such Code); or

“(D) a joint venture or general partnership.”; and

(2) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking “except a joint venture or general partnership” each place it appears and inserting “except a qualified pass through entity”.

(b) Attribution of payments.—Section 1001(e)(3)(B)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii)) is amended—

(1) in the heading, by striking “joint ventures and general partnerships” and inserting “qualified pass through entities”;

(2) by striking “joint venture or a general partnership” and inserting “qualified pass through entity”;

(3) by striking “joint ventures and general partnerships” and inserting “qualified pass through entities”; and

(4) by striking “joint venture or general partnership” and inserting “qualified pass through entity”.

(c) Exclusion from AGI calculation.—Section 1001D(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a(d)) is amended by striking “, general partnership, or joint venture” both places it appears.

Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308) is further amended—

(1) in subsection (b), by striking “The” and inserting “Subject to subsection (i), the”;

(2) in subsection (c), by striking “The” and inserting “Subject to subsection (i), the”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(i) Limitations for certain operations.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning with the 2025 crop year, in the case of a person or legal entity (except a qualified pass through entity) for which greater than or equal to 75 percent of the average adjusted gross income of such person or legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture activities, subsections (b) and (c) shall apply by substituting ‘$155,000’ for ‘$125,000’ each place it appears.

“(2) ADJUSTMENT.—The Secretary shall annually adjust the amount substituted under paragraph (1) for inflation based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers published by the Department of Labor.

“(3) FARMING, RANCHING, OR SILVICULTURE ACTIVITIES.—In this subsection, the term ‘farming, ranching, or silviculture activities’ includes agri-tourism, direct-to-consumer marketing of agricultural products, the sale of agricultural equipment owned by such person or legal entity, and other agricultural-related activities, as determined by the Secretary.”.

Section 1001D(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “paragraph (3)” and inserting “paragraphs (3) and (4)”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) EXCEPTION.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an excepted payment or benefit, the limitation established by paragraph (1) shall not apply to a person or legal entity during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, if greater than or equal to 75 percent of the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture activities (as described in section 1001(i)).

“(B) EXCEPTED PAYMENT OR BENEFIT.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘excepted payment or benefit’ means—

“(i) a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.);

“(ii) a payment or benefit under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333); and

“(iii) beginning October 1, 2024, a payment or benefit described in paragraph (2)(C).”.

Section 1614(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8789(a)) is amended—

(1) by striking “funds for producers” and inserting the following: funds for—

“(1) producers”; and

(2) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) producers to construct or upgrade storage facilities for propane that is primarily used for agricultural production (as such term is defined in section 4279.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph)).”.

Subtitle C of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–79) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(a) In general.—Notwithstanding section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c), during fiscal years 2025 through 2034, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to use its general powers only to carry out operations as the Congress may specifically authorize or provide for.

(b) Rule of construction.—Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to impact funds obligated before the date of the enactment of this Act.

Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “subtitles A through I:” and inserting “subtitles A through J:”;

(2) in paragraph (14), by striking “term ‘Indian tribe’ has the meaning given the term” and inserting “terms ‘Indian tribe’ and ‘Indian Tribe’ have the meaning given those terms”;

(3) by redesignating paragraph (20) through (27) as paragraphs (22) through (29), respectively; and

(4) by inserting after paragraph (19) the following:

“(20) PRECISION AGRICULTURE.—The term ‘precision agriculture’ means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain environmental quality.

“(21) PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘precision agriculture technology’ means any technology (including equipment that is necessary for the deployment of such technology) that directly contributes to a reduction in, or improved efficiency of, inputs used in crop or livestock production, including—

“(A) Global Positioning System-based or geospatial mapping technology;

“(B) satellite or aerial imagery technology;

“(C) yield monitors;

“(D) soil mapping technology;

“(E) sensors for gathering data on crop, soil, or livestock conditions;

“(F) Internet of Things and telematics technologies;

“(G) data management software and advanced analytics;

“(H) network connectivity products and solutions;

“(I) Global Positioning System guidance or auto-steer systems;

“(J) variable rate technology for applying inputs, such as section control; and

“(K) any other technology, as determined by the Secretary, that directly contributes to a reduction in, or improved efficiency of, the use of crop or livestock production inputs, which may include seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time.”.

Subchapter B of chapter 1 of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) is amended by inserting before section 1231 the following:

(a) In general.—Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended to read as follows:

“(a) In general.—Through the 2029 fiscal year, the Secretary shall formulate and carry out a conservation reserve program in each State, to the maximum extent practicable, under which eligible land is enrolled in the conservation reserve through the use of contracts to assist owners and operators of such land with the establishment and maintenance of permanent cover for the purposes of—

“(1) conserving and improving the soil, water, and wildlife resources of such land; and

“(2) addressing resource concerns raised by Tribal, State, regional, and national conservation initiatives.”.

(b) Eligible land.—Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended to read as follows:

“(b) Eligible land.—The Secretary may include in the conservation reserve program the following, in accordance with subsection (d)(1):

“(1) Cropland that—

“(A) (i) on a field level, consists of not less than 85 percent soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of III through VII; or

“(ii) cannot be farmed in accordance with a plan that complies with the requirements of subtitle B; and

“(B) the Secretary determines had a cropping history or was considered to be planted for not fewer than 4 of the 6 years preceding the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024.

“(2) Cropland (including prairie potholes, playas, and pocosins within cropland), grasslands, and marginal pasture land (including marginal pastureland converted to wetland or established as wildlife habitat) to be—

“(A) devoted to conservation buffers;

“(B) established to ecologically appropriate vegetation, including trees, in or near riparian areas, intermittent, seasonal, or perennial streams, wetlands (including prairie potholes, playas, and pocosins), or saline-impaired soils; or

“(C) devoted to similar water quality or wildlife habitat practices.

“(3) Grasslands that—

“(A) contain forbs or shrubland (including improved rangeland and pastureland) for which grazing is the predominant use;

“(B) are located in an area historically dominated by grasslands; and

“(C) could provide habitat for animal and plant populations of significant ecological value if the land is retained in its current use or restored to a natural condition.

“(4) Land described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) that will address significant water quality, water conservation, and wildlife habitat concerns, as proposed by an eligible partner and agreed to by the Secretary for purposes of section 1231A.

“(5) The portion of land in a field not enrolled in the conservation reserve in a case in which—

“(A) more than 50 percent of the land in the field is enrolled as a buffer or filterstrip, or more than 75 percent of the land in the field is enrolled as a conservation practice other than as a buffer or filterstrip; and

“(B) the Secretary determines that the remainder of the field is infeasible to farm.”.

(c) Planting status of certain land.—Section 1231(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(c)) is amended to read as follows:

“(c) Planting status of certain land.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of determining the eligibility of land to be enrolled in the conservation reserve established under this subchapter, land shall be considered to be planted to an agricultural commodity during a crop year if, during the crop year, the land was devoted to a conserving use.

“(2) MULTI-YEAR GRASSES AND LEGUMES.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this subchapter, alfalfa and other multi-year grasses and legumes in a rotation practice, approved by the Secretary, shall be considered agricultural commodities.

“(B) CROPPING HISTORY.—Alfalfa, when grown as part of a rotation practice, as determined by the Secretary, is an agricultural commodity subject to the cropping history criteria under subsection (b)(1)(B) for the purpose of determining whether eligible cropland has been planted or considered planted for 4 of the 6 years referred to in such subsection.”.

(d) Enrollment.—Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended to read as follows:

“(d) Enrollment.—

“(1) ENROLLMENT OPTIONS.—The Secretary shall offer enrollment in the conservation reserve under this subchapter through the following enrollment options:

“(A) A general enrollment option, for eligible land described in subsection (b)(1).

“(B) A continuous enrollment option, for eligible land described in subsection (b)(2) and any associated eligible land described in subsection (b)(5).

“(C) A grassland enrollment option, for eligible land described in subsection (b)(3).

“(D) A partnership initiatives enrollment option, for eligible land described in subsection (b)(4), and any associated eligible land described in subsection (b)(5), that is to be enrolled pursuant to an agreement entered into under section 1231A(b).

“(2) METHOD OF ENROLLMENT.—

“(A) GENERAL ENROLLMENT OPTION.—In enrolling eligible land under the general enrollment option, the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve program available to owners or operators of eligible land on an annual enrollment basis with one or more ranking periods.

“(B) CONTINUOUS ENROLLMENT OPTION.—In enrolling eligible land under the continuous enrollment option, the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve program available to owners or operators of eligible land on a continuous basis.

“(C) GRASSLANDS ENROLLMENT OPTION.—In enrolling eligible land under the grasslands enrollment option, the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve program available to owners or operators of eligible land on an annual enrollment basis with one or more ranking periods.

“(D) PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES ENROLLMENT OPTION.—In enrolling eligible land under the partnership initiatives enrollment option, the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve program available to owners or operators of eligible land using the methods and processes for enrollment described in the applicable agreement under section 1231A(b)(2)(A).

“(3) MAXIMUM ACREAGE ENROLLED.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may maintain in the conservation reserve at any one time during fiscal years 2025 through 2029 not more than 27,000,000 acres.

“(B) GRASSLANDS.—For purposes of applying the limitations in subparagraph (A)—

“(i) the Secretary shall enroll and maintain in the conservation reserve not fewer than 8,000,000 acres of the land described in subsection (b)(3) by September 30, 2029; and

“(ii) in carrying out clause (i), to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall maintain in the conservation reserve at any one time during—

“(I) fiscal year 2025, 6,000,000 acres;

“(II) fiscal year 2026, 7,000,000 acres; and

“(III) fiscal years 2027 through 2029, 8,000,000 acres.”.

(e) Term of contract.—Section 1231(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)) is amended to read as follows:

“(e) Term of contract.—The term of a contract under this subchapter shall be—

“(1) 10 years for a contract entered into pursuant to the general enrollment option or the grasslands enrollment option;

“(2) not fewer than 10 years nor more than 15 years, as determined by the Secretary, for a contract entered into pursuant to the continuous enrollment option or the partnership initiatives enrollment option; and

“(3) notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), upon request of the owner or operator of eligible land, not fewer than 10 years nor more than 30 years, as determined by the Secretary, for a contract to enroll eligible land devoted to conservation buffers that improve water quality by reducing sediment loadings, nutrient loadings, and harmful algal blooms.”.

(f) Conservation priority areas.—Section 1231(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(f)) is amended by striking paragraph (4).

(g) Reenrollment; provisions for land established to trees.—Section 1231 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831) is amended by striking subsections (g) through (i) and inserting the following:

“(g) Reenrollment.—

“(1) ELIGIBILITY FOR CONSIDERATION.—During the final year of the term of a contract entered into under this subchapter, the land subject to the contract shall be eligible to be considered for reenrollment in the conservation reserve in accordance with paragraph (2).

“(2) REQUIREMENT.—The eligibility of land for reenrollment in the conservation reserve shall be subject to the land meeting the applicable requirements of subsection (b).

“(h) Provisions for land established to trees.—

“(1) RESTRICTED TREES.—In this subsection, the term ‘restricted tree’ means a pine tree, other than a shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) or a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris).

“(2) REENROLLMENT.—

“(A) PROHIBITION FOR RESTRICTED TREES.—Notwithstanding subsection (g), land subject to a contract entered into under this subchapter that is established predominately to restricted trees is not eligible to be considered for reenrollment in the conservation reserve.

“(B) LIMITATION ON OTHER TREES.—Notwithstanding subsection (g), land subject to a contract entered into under this subchapter that is established predominately to trees that are not restricted trees is eligible to be considered for reenrollment in the conservation reserve in accordance with such subsection only if the land—

“(i) is devoted to shelterbelts, riparian forest buffers, or trees of high conservation value, as determined by the Secretary; or

“(ii) consists of forested wetlands.

“(3) SUBSEQUENT ENROLLMENT.—Land that has previously been subject to a contract entered into under this subchapter, and which was established predominately to restricted trees during the term of such contract, may be subsequently enrolled in the conservation reserve in accordance with subsection (d) only if—

“(A) the restricted trees have been harvested; and

“(B) the new enrollment is for establishment of a permanent cover other than restricted trees.”.

(a) Partnership initiatives.—Section 1231A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended in the header by striking “Conservation reserve enhancement program” and inserting “Partnership initiatives”.

(b) In general.—Section 1231A(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(a)) is amended to read as follows:

“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall establish the conservation reserve enhancement program and the State acres for wildlife enhancement program under this subchapter in order to leverage Federal and non-Federal funds to—

“(1) target specific State, regional, or nationally significant conservation concerns; and

“(2) restore critical wildlife habitat.”.

(c) Agreements.—Section 1231A(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(b)) is amended to read as follows:

“(b) Agreements.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may enter into or modify an agreement with an eligible partner to carry out the conservation reserve enhancement program or the State acres for wildlife enhancement program, within a defined geographic area—

“(A) to assist in enrolling eligible land in the conservation reserve under this subchapter; and

“(B) that the Secretary determines will advance the purposes of this subchapter.

“(2) CONTENTS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—An agreement entered into or modified under paragraph (1) shall describe—

“(i) 1 or more specific State or nationally significant resource concerns to be addressed by the agreement;

“(ii) quantifiable environmental goals for addressing the concerns under clause (i);

“(iii) a suitable acreage goal for enrollment of eligible land under the agreement, as determined by the Secretary;

“(iv) the location of eligible land to be enrolled in the project area identified under the agreement;

“(v) the payments to be offered by the Secretary and eligible partner to an owner or operator;

“(vi) an appropriate list of conservation reserve program conservation practices that are appropriate to meeting the concerns described under clause (i), as determined by the Secretary in consultation with eligible partners; and

“(vii) methods and processes for enrollment of eligible land under the agreement, as determined by the Secretary in consultation with the eligible partner.

“(B) CREP MATCHING REQUIREMENTS.—An agreement entered into or modified under paragraph (1) to carry out the conservation reserve enhancement program shall—

“(i) subject to clause (ii), require the eligible partner to provide matching funds—

“(I) in an amount determined during a negotiation between the Secretary and 1 or more eligible partners, if the majority of the matching funds to carry out the agreement are provided by 1 or more eligible partners that are not nongovernmental organizations; or

“(II) in an amount not less than 30 percent of the cost required to carry out the conservation measures and practices described in the agreement, if a majority of the matching funds to carry out the agreement are provided by 1 or more nongovernmental organizations; and

“(ii) include procedures to allow for a temporary waiver of the matching requirements under clause (i), or continued enrollment with a temporary suspension of incentives or eligible partner contributions for new agreements, during a period when an eligible partner loses the authority or ability to provide matching contributions, if the Secretary determines that the temporary waiver or continued enrollment with a temporary suspension will advance the purposes of this subchapter.”.

(d) Payments.—Section 1231A(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2), by striking “under a CREP” and inserting “under a contract entered into pursuant to an agreement under this section”;

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking “under a CREP” each place it appears and inserting “under a contract entered into pursuant to an agreement under this section”;

(3) in paragraph (4)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “reserve” after “consistent with the conservation”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “The amount of payments received by” and inserting “The amount of payments made by the Secretary to”.

(e) Forested riparian buffer practice.—Section 1231A(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(d)) is amended to read as follows:

“(d) Forested riparian buffer practice.—In the case of an agreement under subsection (b)(1) that includes forested riparian buffers as an eligible practice, the Secretary shall allow an owner or operator—

“(1) to plant food-producing woody plants in the forested riparian buffers, on the conditions that—

“(A) the plants shall contribute to the conservation of soil, water quality, and wildlife habitat; and

“(B) the planting shall be consistent with—

“(i) recommendations of the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a); and

“(ii) technical guide standards approved by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; and

“(2) to harvest from plants described in paragraph (1), on the conditions that—

“(A) the harvesting shall not damage the conserving cover or otherwise have a negative impact on the conservation concerns targeted by the agreement;

“(B) only native plant species appropriate to the region shall be used within 35 feet of the watercourse; and

“(C) the producer shall be subject to a reduction in the rental rate commensurate to the value of the crop harvested.”.

(f) Drought and water conservation agreements.—Section 1231A(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(e)) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “In the case of an agreement under subsection (b)(1) to address regional drought concerns, in accordance with the conservation purposes of the CREP” and inserting “In the case of an agreement under the conservation reserve enhancement program to address regional drought concerns, in accordance with the conservation purposes of the agreement”; and

(2) in paragraph (1), by striking “notwithstanding subsection (a)(2)” and inserting “notwithstanding section 1230(4)”.

(g) Status report.—Section 1231A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended by striking subsection (f).

Section 1232 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3832) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “a plan” and inserting “a conservation reserve plan”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “highly erodible cropland” and inserting “eligible land”;

(C) in paragraph (5)—

(i) by striking “undertake” and inserting “conduct”; and

(ii) by striking “conservation plan” and inserting “conservation reserve plan”; and

(D) in paragraph (7), by inserting “conservation reserve” before “program”; and

(2) by striking subsection (b) and redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b).

(a) Cost-Share and rental payments.—Section 1233(a)(2)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(a)(2)(A)) by striking “highly erodible cropland, marginal pastureland, or other eligible lands” and inserting “eligible land”.

(b) Specified activities permitted.—Section 1233(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)—

(A) in subclause (I)(cc), by inserting “conservation reserve” before “program”;

(B) in subclause (II), by striking “if payments are authorized for a county under the livestock forage disaster program under clause (ii) of section 1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D))” and inserting “if an owner or operator has received a payment under the livestock forage disaster program under clause (ii) of section 1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D)) in the fiscal year during which the emergency grazing is conducted”; and

(C) in subclause (V), by striking “under paragraphs (4) and (5) of section 1231(b)” and inserting “under a contract entered into pursuant to the continuous enrollment option or the partnership initiatives enrollment option”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)(ii)—

(A) by amending subclause (I) to read as follows:

“(I) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subclause (II), haying or grazing described in paragraph (1) shall not be permitted on land covered by a contract entered into pursuant to the partnership initiatives enrollment option.”; and

(B) in subclause (II), by striking “conservation reserve enhancement program agreement or other partnership agreement entered into under this subchapter” and inserting “agreement entered into under section 1231A”.

(c) Resource conserving use.—Section 1233(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(d))—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “Beginning on the date that is 1 year before the date of termination of a contract under the program” and inserting “During the final year of the term of a contract entered into under this subchapter”;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in the heading, by striking “Conservation plan” and inserting “Conservation reserve plan”; and

(B) by striking “a conservation plan” and inserting “a conservation reserve plan”; and

(3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:

“(3) LIMITATION.—Land improved under paragraph (1)—

“(A) shall not be eligible to be considered for reenrollment in the conservation reserve under section 1231(g), notwithstanding paragraph (1) of such section; and

“(B) may not be subsequently enrolled in the conservation reserve before the date that is 5 years after the date of expiration of the contract.”.

(d) Natural disaster or adverse weather as mid-contract management.—Section 1233(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(e)) is amended by inserting “reserve” after “conservation”.

(e) Allocation to States.—Section 1233 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(f) Allocation to States.—The Secretary shall allocate acres to States for enrollment of eligible land in the conservation reserve under this subchapter, based—

“(1) primarily on the proportion of eligible land in each State relative to the total acreage of eligible land in all States; and

“(2) also on consideration of—

“(A) historical State enrollment rates;

“(B) the extent and magnitude in each State of the conservation needs and of the impact of agricultural production on water quality, water quantity, wetlands, and wildlife habitat;

“(C) the degree to which implementation of the conservation reserve program in each State is, or will be, effective in helping producers address such needs and mitigate such impact; and

“(D) equitable geographic distribution of acres, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(a) Cost sharing payments.—Section 1234(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended—

(1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In making cost sharing payments to an owner or operator under a contract entered into under this subchapter, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of, as the Secretary determines appropriate and in the public interest—

“(A) establishing permanent vegetation, including site preparation, cover, fertilizer, seeding, and planting;

“(B) carrying out erosion control practices necessary to stabilize the site for vegetation established under subparagraph (A);

“(C) installing fencing to protect riparian areas and buffers;

“(D) carrying out water development practices associated with excluding livestock from protected riparian areas;

“(E) installing fencing and carrying out water development practices to facilitate transition to livestock grazing on lands enrolled under the grasslands enrollment option;

“(F) conducting the necessary and appropriate mid-contract management activities to maintain the permanent cover and associated benefits; and

“(G) carrying out other water quality conservation measures and practices.”;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in the heading, by inserting “or haying” after “grazing”; and

(ii) by inserting “for grazing livestock or harvesting hay” before “pursuant to”; and

(B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting “made by the Secretary” before “under this subchapter”;

(3) in paragraph (3), by striking “the conservation reserve enhancement program under section 1231A” and inserting “section 1231A”; and

(4) by striking paragraph (4).

(b) Incentive payments.—Section 1234(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(c)) is amended to read as follows:

“(c) Incentive payments.—

“(1) PRACTICE INCENTIVES FOR CONTINUOUS PRACTICES.—In addition to the cost sharing payment described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall make a practice incentive payment to an owner or operator of eligible land enrolled under the continuous enrollment option, or of eligible land described in section 1231(b)(2) (and any associated eligible land described in section 1231(b)(5)) and enrolled under the partnership initiatives enrollment option, in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the actual cost of establishing all measures and practices described in subsection (b)(1), including seed costs related to the establishment of cover, as determined by the Secretary.

“(2) SIGN-UP INCENTIVES FOR QUALIFYING PRACTICES.—

“(A) AUTHORIZATION.—In addition to the annual rental payment under subsection (d), the Secretary may make an incentive payment to an owner or operator for enrolling environmentally sensitive eligible land in the conservation reserve to implement or establish a qualifying practice.

“(B) PAYMENT.—The Secretary shall—

“(i) for purposes of subparagraph (A), establish an incentive payment amount for each contract with an owner or operator that does not exceed 50 percent of the first annual rental payment made to the owner or operator under subsection (d) for the eligible land; and

“(ii) make any incentive payment under subparagraph (A) concurrent with such first annual rental payment.

“(C) QUALIFYING PRACTICE.—In this paragraph, the term ‘qualifying practice’ means a practice the implementation or establishment of which is appropriate to encourage on environmentally sensitive eligible land—

“(i) as determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the applicable State technical committee, for environmentally sensitive eligible land enrolled under the continuous enrollment option; or

“(ii) as identified in an agreement under section 1231A, for environmentally sensitive eligible land enrolled pursuant to such agreement.

“(3) FOREST MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PAYMENTS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Using funds made available under section 1241(a)(1)(A), the Secretary may make incentive payments to an owner or operator of eligible land in an amount sufficient to encourage proper thinning and other practices to improve the condition of resources, promote forest management, or enhance wildlife habitat on the land.

“(B) LIMITATION.—A payment described in subparagraph (A) may not exceed 100 percent of the total cost of thinning and other practices conducted by the owner or operator.

“(C) REDUCTION.—The Secretary shall reduce the amount of a payment under subparagraph (A) by an amount that is equal to any income received by the owner or operator as a result of the thinning or other practice, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(c) Annual rental payments.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1234(d)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(1)) is amended—

(A) by striking “highly erodible cropland or other eligible lands” each place it appears and inserting “eligible land”; and

(B) by striking “the program established by this subchapter” and inserting “the conservation reserve program”.

(2) METHODS OF DETERMINATION.—Section 1234(d)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(2)) is amended—

(A) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

“(B) MULTIPLE ENROLLMENTS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if land subject to a contract entered into under this subchapter is reenrolled pursuant to section 1231(g), the annual rental payment shall be in an amount that is not more than the applicable percentage of the relevant county average soil rental rate for the year in which the reenrollment occurs (as determined under paragraph (4)(E)).

“(ii) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE.—For purposes of clause (i), the applicable percentage shall be—

“(I) for the first reenrollment that occurs after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, 85 percent; and

“(II) for each subsequent reenrollment, the percentage that is 10 percentage points less than the percentage that was applicable to the preceding reenrollment.

“(iii) PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES.—The limitations on annual rental payments under clauses (i) and (ii) may be waived or modified as part of the negotiation between the Secretary and an eligible partner to enter into an agreement under section 1231A.”;

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking “subparagraph (A)” and inserting “subparagraphs (A) and (B)”; and

(C) by striking subparagraph (D).

(3) ACCEPTANCE OF CONTRACT OFFERS.—Section 1234(d)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(3)) is amended—

(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:

“(A) NATURAL RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining the acceptability of contract offers, the Secretary shall—

“(i) with the advice of the applicable State technical committee, take into consideration the extent to which enrollment of the land that is the subject of the contract offer would improve soil resources, water quality, or wildlife habitat or provide other environmental benefits; and

“(ii) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, an equitable balance among the conservation purposes of soil erosion, water quality, and wildlife habitat.”;

(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

“(B) ESTABLISHMENT OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA IN VARIOUS STATES.—The Secretary, with the advice of the applicable State technical committee, shall establish different criteria for determining the acceptability of contract offers in various States based on the extent to which water quality or wildlife habitat may be improved or erosion may be abated.”;

(C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (E); and

(D) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:

“(C) CONSERVATION PRIORITY AREAS.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, maximize water quality and habitat benefits in conservation priority areas designated under section 1231(f) by promoting a significant level of enrollment of land within such areas in the conservation reserve by—

“(i) giving additional weight to applications for the enrollment of land within such areas that will maximize water quality and habitat benefits;

“(ii) holding a signup and enrollment under the general enrollment option and the grasslands enrollment option specific to the designated areas; or

“(iii) whatever other means the Secretary determines are appropriate and consistent with the purposes of this subchapter.

“(D) TRANSITION TO GRASSLAND USE.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary, in consultation with the applicable State technical committee, shall give priority to contract offers for enrollment under the grasslands enrollment option for eligible land—

“(i) that has previously been enrolled under the general enrollment option, the continuous enrollment option, or the partnership initiatives enrollment option;

“(ii) with established cover that supports conservation objectives for a conservation priority area designated under section 1231(f); and

“(iii) enrollment of which under the grasslands enrollment option will extend the protection of the established cover as an alternative to cropping.”.

(4) RENTAL RATES.—Section 1234(d)(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(4)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking “as a factor”;

(B) in subparagraph (D)—

(i) in the header, by striking “fsa offices and crep” and inserting “offices and”;

(ii) by amending clause (i) to read as follows:

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, prior to finalizing a new soil rental rate, provide a period of not fewer than 60 days for the County Operating Committees of the Farm Service Agency, State Committees of the Farm Service Agency, State conservationists, conservation districts, State technical committees established under section 1261(a), and eligible partners to review such rate and concur or propose an alternative soil rental rate, on the condition that documentation described in clause (ii) is provided to support the proposed alternative.”;

(iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv); and

(iv) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

“(iii) ACCEPTANCE OF ALTERNATIVE RATES.—The Secretary shall accept and finalize an alternative soil rental rate proposed in accordance with clause (i) unless the Secretary finds that such alternative rate is not appropriate, and publishes such finding on a publicly accessible website, including a justification for such finding.”; and

(C) by amending subparagraph (E) to read as follows:

“(E) RENTAL RATE LIMITATION.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The county average soil rental rate (before any adjustments relating to specific practices, wellhead protection, or soil productivity) shall not exceed—

“(I) for eligible land consisting of soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of I or II that is enrolled under the general enrollment option, 85 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph;

“(II) for eligible land consisting of soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of III that is enrolled under the general enrollment option, 100 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph;

“(III) for eligible land consisting of soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of IV through VII that is enrolled under the general enrollment option, 115 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph; and

“(IV) for eligible land enrolled under the continuous enrollment option, 100 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph, without regard to the land capability class of the soil.

“(ii) PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES.—For eligible land enrolled under the partnership initiatives enrollment option, the county average soil rental rate (before any adjustments relating to specific practices, wellhead protection, or soil productivity) shall not exceed—

“(I) for eligible land consisting of soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of I or II, 85 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph;

“(II) for eligible land consisting of soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of III, 100 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph;

“(III) for eligible land consisting of soils with a dryland cropland land capability class of IV through VII, 115 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph; and

“(IV) for eligible land that would otherwise be enrolled under the continuous enrollment option, 100 percent of the estimated rental rate determined under this paragraph, without regard to the land capability class of the soil.”.

(d) Payment schedule.—Section 1234(e)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(e)(2)) is amended by striking “Payments” and inserting “As the Secretary determines appropriate, payments”.

(e) Payment limitation for rental payments.—Section 1234(g)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(g)(1)) is amended by striking “$50,000” and inserting “$125,000”.

(a) Ownership or operation requirements.—Section 1235(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking “placing the land in the program established by” and inserting “enrolling the land in the conservation reserve under”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “agreement” each place it appears and inserting “contract”.

(b) Sales or transfers.—Section 1235(b)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(b)(3)) is amended by striking “program established by this subchapter” and inserting “conservation reserve program”.

(c) Early termination by owner or operator.—

(1) EARLY TERMINATION.—Section 1235(e)(1)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(1)(A)) is amended by striking “During fiscal year 2015, the” and inserting “The”.

(2) CERTAIN LAND EXCEPTED.—Section 1235(e)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(2)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “Filterstrips, waterways, strips adjacent to riparian areas, windbreaks, and shelterbelts” and inserting “Conservation buffers”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “an erodibility index of more than 15” and inserting “a dryland cropland land capability class of VI through VII”;

(C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting “, longleaf pine, or shortleaf pine” before “trees”;

(D) in subparagraph (D), by striking “State acres for wildlife enhancement,”; and

(E) in subparagraph (J), by striking “under the conservation reserve enhancement program” and inserting “pursuant to section 1231A”.

(3) PRORATED COST RECOVERY.—Section 1235(e)(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(4)) is amended—

(A) in the heading, by striking “Prorated rental payment” and inserting “Prorations”;

(B) by striking “If a contract” and inserting the following:

“(A) PRORATED RENTAL PAYMENT.—If a contract”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) PRORATED COST RECOVERY.—If a contract entered into under this subchapter is terminated under this subsection before the end of the contract term, the Secretary shall require repayment of the portion of the cost sharing payments received that is proportional to the percentage of the years remaining in the contract term on the date of the termination.”.

(4) RENEWED ENROLLMENT.—Section 1235(e)(5) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(5)) is amended—

(A) in the heading, by striking “Renewed” and inserting “Subsequent”; and

(B) by striking “a subsequent bid to enroll the land” and inserting “an application for subsequent enrollment of the land”.

(d) Transition option for certain farmers or ranchers.—

(1) TRANSITION TO COVERED FARMER OR RANCHER.—Section 1235(f)(1)(C) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(f)(1)(C)) is amended by inserting “reserve” after “conservation”.

(2) REENROLLMENT.—Section 1235(f)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(f)(2)) is amended to read as follows:

“(2) REENROLLMENT.—To the extent that the maximum number of acres permitted to be enrolled under the conservation reserve program has not been met, the Secretary shall approve the first reenrollment requested by a covered farmer or rancher pursuant to section 1231(g), subject to the requirements of such section.”.

(e) Drought and emergency grazing assistance.—Section 1235 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(i) Drought and emergency grazing assistance.—The Secretary may allow an owner or operator to receive emergency cost-share assistance for livestock water facilities and grazing infrastructure through the emergency conservation program, authorized by section 402 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2202), with respect to land enrolled in the conservation reserve, except that the Secretary shall ensure that there is no payment from the conservation reserve program for the same assistance.”.

Section 1240A(6)(B)(v) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1(6)(B)(v)) is amended by inserting “(including the adoption of precision agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture technology)” after “planning”.

(a) Establishment.—Section 1240B(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(a)) is amended by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Payments.—

(1) OTHER PAYMENTS.—Section 1240B(d)(6) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)(6)) is amended—

(A) by striking “A producer shall” and inserting the following:

“(A) PAYMENTS UNDER THIS SUBTITLE.—A producer shall”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) CONSERVATION LOAN AND LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM PAYMENTS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—A producer receiving payments for practices on eligible land under the program may also receive a loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to cover costs for the same practices on the same land.

“(ii) NOTICE TO PRODUCER.—The Secretary shall inform a producer participating in the program in writing that they may apply to receive a loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act as it relates to costs of implementing practices under this program.”.

(2) INCREASED PAYMENTS FOR HIGH-PRIORITY PRACTICES.—Section 1240B(d)(7) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)(7)) is amended—

(A) in the paragraph heading, by inserting “state-determined” before “high-priority”; and

(B) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (iii), by striking “or” at the end;

(ii) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(v) increases carbon sequestration or reduces greenhouse gas emissions, including emissions of methane and nitrous oxide.”.

(3) INCREASED PAYMENTS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE.—Section 1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(8) INCREASED PAYMENTS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE PRACTICES.—Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the Secretary may increase the amount that would otherwise be provided for a practice under this subsection to not more than 90 percent of the costs associated with adopting precision agriculture practices and acquiring precision agriculture technology for the purpose of implementing conservation practices.”.

(c) Allocation of funding.—Section 1240B(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(f)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(A) in the heading, by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”; and

(B) by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”.

(d) Water conservation or irrigation efficiency practice.—Section 1240B(h)(1) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking “; or” and inserting a semicolon;

(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and inserting “; or”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(D) the adoption of precision agriculture practices or the acquisition of precision agriculture technology to achieve water conservation and energy efficiency.”.

(e) Payments for conservation practice related to organic production.—Section 1240B(i)(3)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(i)(3)(A)(ii)) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023, $140,000” and inserting “2025 through 2029, $200,000”.

(f) Conservation incentive contracts.—Section 1240B(j)(2)(A)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(j)(2)(A)(i)) is amended by inserting “(which may include the adoption of precision agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture technology)” after “incentive practices”.

(g) Southern Border Initiative.—Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(k) Southern Border Initiative.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide payments under the program to producers to implement conservation practices on covered lands of such producers that address and repair covered damage that may contribute to a natural resource concern or problem.

“(2) CONTRACT TERM.—In the case of a contract under the program entered into for the implementation of practices described in paragraph (1), such contract shall have a term of 1 year.

“(3) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection:

“(A) COVERED DAMAGE.—The term ‘covered damage’ means damage to agricultural land or farming infrastructure.

“(B) COVERED LAND.—The term ‘covered land’ means eligible land in a county at or near the southern border of the United States, as determined by the Secretary.”.

Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–7) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

(a) Competitive grants for innovative conservation approaches.—Section 1240H(a) is amended—

(1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:

“(1) GRANTS.—Out of the funds made available to carry out this subchapter, the Secretary may award competitive grants that are intended to stimulate development and evaluation of new and innovative approaches to leveraging the Federal investment in environmental enhancement and protection, in conjunction with agricultural production or forest resource management, through the program, including grants for the development and evaluation of new and innovative technologies that may be incorporated into conservation practice standards.”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(H), by inserting before the period “(including precision agriculture practices and precision agriculture technologies)”.

(b) Air quality concerns from agricultural operations.—Section 1240H(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(b)(2)) is amended by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”.

(c) On-Farm conservation innovation trials.—Section 1240H(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)—

(A) in subclause (VI), by striking “and” at the end; and

(B) by inserting after subclause (VII) the following:

“(VIII) perennial production systems, including agroforestry and perennial forages and grain crops; and”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”.

(d) Reporting and database.—Section 1240H(d)(2)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(d)(2)(A)) is amended—

(1) in clause (i)—

(A) by inserting “, including both management and structural conservation practices,” after “conservation practices”; and

(B) by striking “and” at the end;

(2) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);

(3) by inserting after clause (i) the following:

“(ii) data that may be used to evaluate new and emerging technologies and recommendations for State and regional applications of such new and emerging technologies; and”; and

(4) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by inserting “for consideration under the streamlined process developed under section 1242(h)(3)” before the period at the end.

Section 1240J(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–22(a)) is amended by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Conservation stewardship payments.—Section 1240L(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting before the period “(including increased costs associated with planning and adopting precision agriculture conservation activities and acquiring precision agriculture technology)”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) MINIMUM PAYMENT.—The amount of an annual payment under the program shall be not less than $2,500.”.

(b) Supplemental payments for resource-Conserving crop rotations and advanced grazing management.—Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(d)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “and advanced grazing management” and inserting “, advanced grazing management, and precision agriculture”;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “; or” and inserting a semicolon;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(C) precision agriculture conservation activities.”; and

(3) in paragraph (3), by striking “or advanced grazing management” and inserting “, advanced grazing management, or precision agriculture conservation activities”.

(c) Payment limitations.—Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(f)) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

(d) Organic certification.—Section 1240L(h)(2)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(h)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “2031” and inserting “2029”.

Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–21 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

Section 1240M(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Feral swine eradication and control program.—Chapter 5 of subtitle D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1240M the following:

(b) Repeal.—Section 2408 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note) is repealed.

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is amended by striking the item relating to section 2408.

Section 1240O(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–2(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(2) in paragraph (3)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “; and” and inserting a semicolon;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(C) of the funds made available under section 1241(a)(3)(A), $1,000,000 beginning in fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended.”.

Section 1240R(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–5(f)) is amended to read as follows:

“(f) Funding.—

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Of the funds made available under section 1241(a)(3)(A), the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $150,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

“(2) ENHANCED PUBLIC ACCESS TO WETLAND RESERVE EASEMENTS.—To the maximum extent practicable, of the funds made available under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use $3,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to encourage public access to land covered by wetland reserve easements under section 1265C through agreements with States and Tribal governments under this section.”.

(a) Assistance to local organizations.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3(a) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003(a)) is amended by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7) and inserting after paragraph (5) the following:

“(6) to provide technical and financial assistance for remedial actions in accordance with subsection (c); and”.

(2) ASSISTANCE FOR REMEDIAL ACTIONS; STREAMLINING.—Section 3 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Assistance for remedial actions.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out subsection (a)(6), the Secretary may provide technical and financial assistance to local organizations for remedial actions for a completed work of improvement installed under this Act with respect to which—

“(A) deterioration of a structural component of the work of improvement is occurring at an abnormal rate, including situations in which such deterioration is due to a design deficiency or to site conditions that were unknown at the time of installation of the work of improvement;

“(B) the planned service life of the work of improvement exceeds the service life of a structural component of such work of improvement; or

“(C) structural damage to such work of improvement, or to a structural component of such work of improvement, was caused by a storm event that exceeded the maximum storm event for which the work of improvement was designed.

“(2) COST SHARE.—Financial assistance provided under this subsection shall be provided in accordance with the cost-share rate established in the agreement with the local organization for the work of improvement.

“(d) Streamlining.—The Secretary shall, on an ongoing basis—

“(1) engage with relevant Federal agencies to reduce or eliminate regulatory, policy, or procedural barriers to timely provision of assistance under this Act;

“(2) provide for streamlined procedures relating to coordination with other Federal or State agencies for required reviews and permitting of projects pursuant to this Act, and ensure such procedures are commensurate with the size and scale of the projects;

“(3) conduct an assessment of internal Department of Agriculture planning, technical support, and approvals to determine best practices to be used for the purpose of maximizing the decisionmaking authority of State conservationists with respect to approvals required for projects under this Act; and

“(4) prioritize the use of agreements and contracting authorities under this Act to provide funding to local organizations for the planning, design, and construction of works of improvement.”.

(b) Data.—Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended to read as follows:

(c) Rehabilitation of structural measures near, at, or past their evaluated life expectancy.—

(1) COST SHARE ASSISTANCE FOR REHABILITATION.—Section 14(b) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012(b)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking “65 percent” and inserting “90 percent”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) RELATION TO REQUIREMENTS OF AUTHORIZED PROJECTS.—A rehabilitation project for which assistance is provided under this section shall not be subject to—

“(A) the requirement under section 2 that a project contain benefits directly related to agriculture, including rural communities, that account for at least 20 percent of the total benefits of the project; or

“(B) section 4(5).”.

(2) FUNDING.—Section 14(h)(2)(E) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012(h)(2)(E)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(d) Funding.—Section 15 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012a) is amended—

(1) by striking “$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019” and inserting “$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025”; and

(2) by inserting before the period at the end “, to remain available until expended”.

Section 401 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “and other emergency conservation measures” after “fencing”; and

(B) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—With respect to a payment to an agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or replacement of fencing, or for other emergency measures to rehabilitate farmland or to repair or replace a farmland or conservation structure, the Secretary shall give the agricultural producer the option of receiving—

“(A) before carrying out such replacement or rehabilitation, not more than 75 percent of the payment for such replacement or rehabilitation, which shall be based on the fair market value of the replacement or rehabilitation, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(B) before carrying out such repair, not more than 50 percent of the payment for such repair, which shall be based on the fair market value of the repair, as determined by the Secretary.”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Wildfires.—A wildfire that causes damage with respect to which a payment may be made under subsection (a) includes any wildfire that is not caused naturally, including a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government, if the damage is caused by the spread of the fire due to natural causes.”.

(a) Floodplain easements.—Section 403(b) of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203(b)) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (5) and (6);

(2) by inserting after the subsection header the following:

“(1) EASEMENT RESTORATION.—The Secretary is authorized to restore appropriate vegetative cover, hydrological functions, and other functions and values of the land subject to a floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a).

“(2) EASEMENT MAINTENANCE.—The Secretary is authorized to monitor, maintain, and enhance appropriate vegetative cover, hydrological restoration measures, and other restoration measures on land subject to a floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a).

“(3) CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS.—In carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary may—

“(A) enter into contracts with landowners; and

“(B) enter into agreements with States, nongovernmental organizations, and Indian Tribes.

“(4) COMPATIBLE USE AUTHORITY.—The Secretary may authorize a landowner to carry out activities on land subject to a floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a) that are—

“(A) compatible uses necessary to carry out paragraph (1) or (2); or

“(B) compatible economic uses (including such activities as hunting and fishing, managed timber harvest, water management, or periodic haying or grazing) if such uses are consistent with the long-term protection of the floodplain functions and values for which the easement was acquired.”; and

(3) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by striking “paragraph (1)” and inserting “paragraph (5)” each place it appears.

(b) Level of restoration.—Section 403 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Level of restoration.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary may undertake measures that increase the level of protection above that which would be necessary to address the immediate impairment of the watershed if the Secretary determines that such restoration is in the best interest of the long-term health of the watershed and the long-term protection of the watershed from repetitive impairments.”.

Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a national agriculture flood vulnerability report containing the results of a Conservation Effects Assessment Project assessment of flood risk on agricultural lands, including—

(1) an analysis of economic losses of crops and livestock resulting from flooding under different recurrence scenarios;

(2) an analysis of the downstream effects of mitigation activities carried out as part of a watershed management approach;

(3) an analysis of available Federal and State data relating to flood risk, as applicable to agricultural land, including data relating to riverine flooding, coastal flooding, storm surge, extreme precipitation, and flash flooding; and

(4) a description of ongoing producer-level conservation practices and broader government initiatives to manage the effects of flooding and flood risk within and across watersheds, and recommendations for additional practices and initiatives to further address such effects and risk.