This Act may be cited as the “Dairy Risk Management Act of 2018”.

(a) Review of data used in calculation of average feed cost.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report evaluating the extent to which the average cost of feed used by a dairy operation to produce a hundredweight of milk calculated by the Secretary as required by section 1402(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9052(a)) is representative of actual dairy feed costs.

(b) Corn silage report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report detailing the costs incurred by dairy operations in the use of corn silage as feed, and the difference between the feed cost of corn silage and the feed cost of corn.

(c) Collection of alfalfa hay data.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the National Agricultural Statistics Service, shall revise monthly price survey reports to include prices for high-quality alfalfa hay in the top five milk producing States, as measured by volume of milk produced during the previous month.

(d) Registration of multiproducer dairy operations.—Section 1404(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9054(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking “If” and inserting “Subject to paragraph (5), if”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(5) CERTAIN MULTIPRODUCER DAIRY OPERATION EXCLUSIONS.—

“(A) EXCLUSION OF LOW-PERCENTAGE OWNERS.—To promote administrative efficiency in the dairy risk management program, a multiproducer dairy operation covered by paragraph (3) may elect, at the option of the multiproducer dairy operation, to exclude information from the registration process regarding any individual owner of the multiproducer dairy operation that—

“(i) holds less than a five percent ownership interest in the multiproducer dairy operation; or

“(ii) is entitled to less than five percent of the income, revenue, profit, gain, loss, expenditure, deduction, or credit of the multiproducer dairy operation for any given year.

“(B) EFFECT OF EXCLUSION ON DAIRY RISK MANAGEMENT PAYMENTS.—To the extent that an individual owner of a multiproducer dairy operation is excluded under subparagraph (A) from the registration of the multiproducer dairy operation, any dairy risk management payment made to the multiproducer dairy operation shall be reduced by an amount equal to the greater of the following:

“(i) The amount determined by multiplying the dairy risk management payment otherwise determined under section 1406 by the total percentage of ownership interests represented by the excluded owners.

“(ii) The amount determined by multiplying the dairy risk management payment otherwise determined under section 1406 by the total percentage of the income, revenue, profit, gain, loss, expenditure, deduction, or credit of the multiproducer dairy operation represented by the excluded owners.”.

(e) Relation to livestock gross margin for dairy program.—Section 1404(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9054(d)) is amended—

(1) by striking “but not both” and inserting “but not on the same production”;

(2) by striking “or the” and inserting “and the”; and

(3) by striking “margin protection program” and inserting “dairy risk management program”.

(f) Production history of participating dairy operators.—

(1) CONTINUED USE OF PRIOR DAIRY OPERATION PRODUCTION HISTORY.—Section 1405(a)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055(a)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: “The production history of a participating dairy operation shall continue to be based on annual milk marketings during the 2011, 2012, or 2013 calendar year notwithstanding the operation of the dairy risk management program through 2023.”.

(2) ADJUSTMENT.—Section 1405(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055(a)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking “In subsequent years” and inserting “In the subsequent calendar years ending before January 1, 2019”; and

(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting “, as applicable” after “paragraph (2)”.

(3) LIMITATION ON CHANGES TO BUSINESS STRUCTURE.—Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(d) Limitation on changes to business structure.—The Secretary may not make dairy risk management payments to a participating dairy operation if the Secretary determines that the participating dairy operation has reorganized the structure of such operation solely for the purpose of qualifying as a new operation under subsection (b).”.

(g) Dairy risk management payments.—

(1) ELECTION OF COVERAGE LEVEL THRESHOLD AND COVERAGE PERCENTAGE.—Section 1406 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a), by striking “annually”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(d) Deadline for election; duration.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, each participating dairy operation shall elect a coverage level threshold under subsection (a)(1) and a coverage percentage under subsection (a)(2) to be used to determine dairy risk management payments. This election shall remain in effect for the participating dairy operation for the duration of the dairy risk management program, as specified in section 1409.”.

(2) ADDITIONAL COVERAGE LEVEL THRESHOLDS FOR CERTAIN PRODUCERS.—Section 1406(a)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)(1)) is amended by inserting after “or $8.00” the following: “(and in the case of production subject to premiums under section 1407(b), also $8.50 or $9.00)”.

(3) ELECTION OF PRODUCTION HISTORY COVERAGE PERCENTAGE.—Section 1406(a)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)(2)) is amended by striking “beginning with 25 percent and not exceeding” and inserting “but not to exceed”.

(h) Premiums for participation in dairy risk management program.—

(1) PREMIUM PER HUNDREDWEIGHT FOR FIRST 5 MILLION POUNDS OF PRODUCTION.—Section 1407(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(b)) is amended—

(A) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following new paragraph:

“(2) PRODUCER PREMIUMS.—The following annual premiums apply:

and

(B) by striking paragraph (3).

(2) TECHNICAL CORRECTION.—Section 1407(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(d)) is amended in the subsection heading by striking “Time for” and inserting “Method of”.

(i) Conforming amendments related to program name.—

(1) HEADING.—The heading of part I of subtitle D of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–79; 128 Stat. 688) is amended to read as follows:

(2) DEFINITIONS.—Section 1401 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9051) is amended—

(A) by striking paragraphs (5) and (6) and inserting the following new paragraphs:

“(5) DAIRY RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.—The terms ‘dairy risk management program’ and ‘program’ mean the dairy risk management program required by section 1403.

“(6) DAIRY RISK MANAGEMENT PAYMENT.—The term ‘dairy risk management payment’ means a payment made to a participating dairy operation under the program pursuant to section 1406.”; and

(B) in paragraphs (7) and (8), by striking “margin protection” both places it appears.

(3) CALCULATION OF ACTUAL DAIRY PRODUCTION MARGIN.—Section 1402(b)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9052(b)(1)) is amended by striking “margin protection” and inserting “dairy risk management”.

(4) PROGRAM OPERATION.—Section 1403 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9053) is amended—

(A) in the section heading, by striking “ESTABLISHMENT OF MARGIN PROTECTION” and inserting “DAIRY RISK MANAGEMENT”;

(B) by striking “Not later than September 1, 2014, the Secretary shall establish and administer a margin protection program” and inserting “The Secretary shall continue to administer a dairy risk management program”; and

(C) by striking “margin protection payment” both places it appears and inserting “dairy risk management payment”.

(5) PARTICIPATION.—Section 1404 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9054) is amended—

(A) in the section heading, by striking “MARGIN PROTECTION”;

(B) in subsection (a), by striking “margin protection program to receive margin protection payments” and inserting “dairy risk management program to receive dairy risk management payments”; and

(C) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking “margin protection” each place it appears.

(6) PRODUCTION HISTORY.—Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a)(1)—

(i) by striking “margin protection program” the first place it appears and inserting “dairy risk management program”; and

(ii) by striking “margin protection” the second place it appears; and

(B) in subsection (c), by striking “margin protection”.

(7) PAYMENTS.—Section 1406 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056) is amended—

(A) in the section heading, by striking “MARGIN PROTECTION” and inserting “DAIRY RISK MANAGEMENT”;

(B) by striking “margin protection” each place it appears and inserting “dairy risk management”; and

(C) in the heading of subsection (c), by striking “Margin Protection”.

(8) PREMIUMS.—Section 1407 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057) is amended—

(A) in the section heading, by striking “MARGIN PROTECTION” and inserting “DAIRY RISK MANAGEMENT”;

(B) in subsection (a), by striking “margin protection program” and inserting “dairy risk management program”; and

(C) in subsection (e), by striking “margin protection” both places it appears.

(9) PENALTIES.—Section 1408 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9058) is amended by striking “margin protection” both places it appears and inserting “dairy risk management”.

(10) ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT.—Section 1410 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9060) is amended by striking “margin protection” each place it appears and inserting “dairy risk management”.

(j) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(k) Duration.—Section 1409 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9059) is amended—

(1) by striking “margin protection” and inserting “dairy risk management”; and

(2) by striking “2018” and inserting “2023”.

(a) Class I skim milk price.—Section 8c(5)(A) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(5)(A)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, is amended by striking the third and fourth sentences, including the table, and inserting the following new sentence: “Throughout the 2-year period beginning on the effective date of this sentence (and subsequent to such 2-year period unless modified by amendment to the order involved), for purposes of determining prices for milk of the highest use classification, the Class I skim milk price per hundredweight specified in section 1000.50(b) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulation), shall be the sum of the adjusted Class I differential specified in section 1000.52 of such title 7, plus the adjustment to Class I prices specified in sections 1005.51(b), 1006.51(b), and 1007.51(b) of such title 7 (or successor regulation), plus the simple average of the advanced pricing factors computed in sections 1000.50(q)(1) and 1000.50(q)(2) of such title 7 (or successor regulation), plus $0.74.”.

(b) Effective date and implementation.—

(1) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the first day of the first month beginning more than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—Implementation of the amendment made by subsection (a) is not subject to any of the following:

(A) The notice and comment provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code.

(B) The notice and hearing requirements of paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 8c of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608c), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937.

(C) The order amendment requirements of section 8c(17) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(17)).

(D) A referendum under section 8c(19) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(19)).

Section 1502(e) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772(e)) is amended—

Section 3 of Public Law 90–484 (7 U.S.C. 450l) is amended by striking “2018” and inserting “2023”.

Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended by striking “2018” and inserting “2023”.

Section 1431 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9071) is repealed.