This Act may be cited as the “Protecting Our Democracy Act”.

(a) Divisions.—This Act is organized into divisions as follows:

(1) Division A—Preventing Abuses of Presidential Power.

(2) Division B—Restoring Checks and Balances, Accountability, and Transparency.

(3) Division C—Miscellaneous.

(4) Division D—Severability.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents of this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Organization of Act into divisions; table of contents.

This title may be cited as the “Abuse of the Pardon Power Prevention Act”.

(a) Submission of information.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the President grants an individual a pardon for a covered offense, the Attorney General shall submit to the chair and ranking member of each appropriate congressional committee—

(1) all materials obtained or produced by the prosecution team, including the Attorney General and any United States Attorney, and all materials obtained or prepared by any investigative agency of the Federal Government, relating to the offense for which the individual was pardoned; and

(2) all materials obtained or produced by the Department of Justice in relation to the pardon.

(b) Treatment of information.—Rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure may not be construed to prohibit the disclosure of information required by subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE.—The term “appropriate congressional committee” means—

(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and

(B) if an investigation relates to intelligence or counterintelligence matters, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

(2) COVERED OFFENSE.—The term “covered offense” means—

(A) an offense against the United States that arises from an investigation in which a target or subject is—

(i) the President;

(ii) a relative of the President;

(iii) any individual who is serving or previously served as a political appointee (as defined in section 1216(f)(6) of title 5, United States Code, as added by title IX of this Act) under the President;

(iv) any individual who was an employee of an authorized committee (as defined in section 301(6) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(6))) of the President for any election to the office of President; or

(v) in the case of an offense motivated by a direct and significant personal or pecuniary interest of any individual described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), any person or entity;

(B) an offense under section 102 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (2 U.S.C. 192); or

(C) an offense under section 1001, 1505, 1512, or 1621 of title 18, United States Code, if the offense occurred in relation to a congressional proceeding or investigation.

(3) PARDON.—The term “pardon” includes a commutation of sentence.

(4) RELATIVE.—The term “relative”, with respect to the President, means—

(A) a family member (as defined in section 1635.3(a) of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation) of the President who is a first-degree relative, second-degree relative, or third-degree relative (as those terms are defined in such section 1635.3(a) or any successor regulation) of the President; or

(B) a spouse of a family member described in subparagraph (A).

Section 201 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “, including the President and the Vice President of the United States,” after “or an officer or employee or person”; and

(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting before the period at the end the following: “, including any pardon, commutation, or reprieve, or an offer of any such pardon, commutation, or reprieve”; and

(2) in subsection (b)(3), by inserting “(including, for purposes of this paragraph, any pardon, commutation, or reprieve, or an offer of any such pardon, commutation, or reprieve)” after “corruptly gives, offers, or promises anything of value”.

The President’s grant of a pardon to himself or herself is void and of no effect, and shall not deprive the courts of jurisdiction, or operate to confer on the President any legal immunity from investigation or prosecution.

This title may be cited as the “No President Is Above the Law Act”.

(a) Offenses committed by the President or Vice President during or prior to tenure in office.—Section 3282 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Offenses committed by the President or Vice President during or prior to tenure in office.—In the case of any person serving as President or Vice President of the United States, the duration of that person’s tenure in office shall not be considered for purposes of any statute of limitations applicable to any Federal criminal offense committed by that person (including any offenses committed during any period of time preceding such tenure in office).”.

(b) Applicability.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to any offense committed before the date of enactment of this section, if the statute of limitations applicable to that offense had not run as of such date.

(c) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed to preclude the indictment or prosecution of a President or Vice President, during that President or Vice President’s tenure in office, for violations of the criminal laws of the United States.

(a) Amendment.—Section 431 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by inserting “the President, the Vice President, a Cabinet member, or a” after “Contracts by”; and

(2) in the first undesignated paragraph, by inserting “the President, the Vice President, in a position at level I of the Executive Schedule under section 5312 of title 5,” after “Whoever, being”.

(b) Table of sections amendment.—The table of sections for chapter 23 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 431 and inserting the following:

“431. Contracts by the President, the Vice President, a Cabinet member, or a Member of Congress.”.

The first section of the Act entitled “An Act to provide retirement, clerical assistants, and free mailing privileges to former Presidents of the United States, and for other purposes”, approved August 25, 1958 (commonly known as the “Former Presidents Act of 1958”; 3 U.S.C. 102 note), is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “Each former President” and inserting “Subject to subsection (h), each former President”;

(2) in subsection (f), by striking paragraph (2) and inserting:

“(2) who has not been impeached by the House of Representatives and convicted by the Senate pursuant to the impeachment; and”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(h) (1) If a former President is finally convicted of a felony for which every act or omission that is needed to satisfy the elements of the felony is committed during or after the period such former President holds the office of President, or was finally convicted of such a felony while holding such office—

“(A) no monetary allowance under subsection (a) may be provided to such former President;

“(B) no funds may be obligated or expended under subsection (g) with respect to such former President except to the extent necessary to maintain the security of such former President, as determined by the Director of the Secret Service; and

“(C) such former President shall repay any amounts received under subsection (a) during the period beginning on the date on which such former President is initially convicted of the felony and ending on the date such former President is finally convicted of the felony.

“(2) The term ‘finally convicted’ means a conviction—

“(A) which has not been appealed and is no longer appealable because the time for taking an appeal has expired; or

“(B) which has been appealed and the appeals process for which is completed.”.

This title may be cited as the “Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement Act”.

In this title:

(1) The term “emolument” means any profit, gain, or advantage that is received directly or indirectly from any government of a foreign country, the Federal Government, or any State or local government, or from any instrumentality thereof, including payments arising from commercial transactions at fair market value.

(2) The term “person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States” includes the President of the United States and the Vice President of the United States.

(3) The term “government of a foreign country” has the meaning given such term in section 1(e) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611(e)).

(a) Foreign.—Except as otherwise provided in section 7342 of title 5, United States Code, it shall be unlawful for any person holding an office of profit or trust under the United States to accept from a government of a foreign country, without first obtaining the consent of Congress, any present or emolument, or any office or title. The prohibition under this subsection applies without regard to whether the present, emolument, office, or title is—

(1) provided directly or indirectly by that government of a foreign country; or

(2) provided to that person or to any private business interest of that person.

(b) Domestic.—It shall be unlawful for the President to accept from the United States, or any of them, any emolument other than the compensation for his or her services as President provided for by Federal law. The prohibition under this subsection applies without regard to whether the emolument is provided directly or indirectly, and without regard to whether the emolument is provided to the President or to any private business interest of the President.

(a) Cause of action.—The House of Representatives or the Senate may bring a civil action against any person for a violation of subsection (a) of section 303.

(b) Special rules.—In any civil action described in subsection (a), the following rules shall apply:

(1) The action shall be filed before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

(2) The action shall be heard by a three-judge court convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28, United States Code. It shall be the duty of such court to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent the disposition of any such action. Such action shall be reviewable only by appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the United States. Such appeal shall be taken by the filing of a notice of appeal within 10 days, and the filing of a jurisdictional statement within 30 days, of the entry of the final decision.

(3) It shall be the duty of the Supreme Court of the United States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent the disposition of any such action and appeal.

(c) Remedy.—If the court determines that a violation of subsection (a) of section 303 has occurred, the court shall issue an order enjoining the course of conduct found to constitute the violation, and such of the following as are appropriate:

(1) The disgorgement of the value of any foreign present or emolument.

(2) The surrender of the physical present or emolument to the Department of State, which shall, if practicable, dispose of the present or emolument and deposit the proceeds into the United States Treasury.

(3) The renunciation of any office or title accepted in violation of such subsection.

(4) A prohibition on the use or holding of such an office or title.

(5) Such other relief as the court determines appropriate.

(d) Use of government funds prohibited.—No appropriated funds, funds provided from any accounts in the United States Treasury, funds derived from the collection of fees, or any other Government funds shall be used to pay any disgorgement imposed by the court pursuant to this section.

(a) Disclosures.—Section 13104(a) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(9) FOREIGN EMOLUMENTS.—Any present, emolument, office, or title received from a government of a foreign country, including the source, date, type, and amount or value of each present or emolument accepted on or before the date of filing during the preceding calendar year.

“(10) BUSINESS INTERESTS RECEIVING FOREIGN EMOLUMENTS.—Each business interest that is reasonably expected to result in the receipt of any present or emolument from a government of a foreign country during the current calendar year.

“(11) EMOLUMENTS FROM UNITED STATES.—In addition, the President shall report—

“(A) any emolument received from the United States, or any of them, other than the compensation for his or her services as President provided for by Federal law; and

“(B) any business interest that is reasonably expected to result in the receipt of any emolument from the United States, or any of them.”.

(b) Reporting requirements related to spouses and dependent children.—Section 13104(e)(1) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “and paragraphs (9) through (11)”after “(5)”; and

(2) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the following:

“(G) FOREIGN EMOLUMENTS.—In the case of items described in paragraphs (9) and (10) of subsection (a), all information required to be reported under these paragraphs.

“(H) EMOLUMENTS FROM UNITED STATES.—In the case of—

“(i) items described in paragraph (11)(A) of subsection (a), any such items received by spouse or dependent child of the President other than items related to the President’s services as President provided for by Federal law; and

“(ii) in the case of items described in paragraph (11)(B) of subsection (a), all information required to be reported under that paragraph.”.

(c) Rule of construction.—Nothing in the amendments made by this section shall be construed to affect the prohibition against the acceptance of presents and emoluments under section 303.

(a) General authority.—Section 13122(a) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “The Director” and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) OVERALL DIRECTION.—The Director shall—

“(A) provide overall direction of executive branch policies related to compliance with the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement Act, and the amendments made by that Act; and

“(B) shall have the authority to—

“(i) issue administrative fines to individuals for violations;

“(ii) order individuals to take corrective action, including disgorgement, divestiture, and recusal, as the Director deems necessary; and

“(iii) bring civil actions to enforce such fines and orders.”.

(b) Specific authorities.—Section 13122(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (14), by striking “and” at the end;

(2) in paragraph (15), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(16) developing and promulgating rules and regulations to ensure compliance with the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement Act, and the amendments made by that Act, including establishing—

“(A) requirements for reporting and disclosure;

“(B) a schedule of administrative fines that may be imposed by the Director for violations; and

“(C) a process for referral of matters to the Office of Special Counsel for investigation in compliance with section 1216(d).”.

Section 1216 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (4), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in paragraph (5) by striking the period and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) any violation of section 303 of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement Act or of the amendments made by section 305 of such Act.”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(d) If the Director of the Office of Government Ethics refers a matter for investigation pursuant to section 13122, or if the Special Counsel receives a credible complaint of a violation referred to in subsection (a)(6), the Special Counsel shall complete an investigation not later than 120 days thereafter. If the Special Counsel investigates any violation pursuant to subsection (a)(6), the Special Counsel shall report not later than 7 days after the completion of such investigation to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics and to Congress on the results of such investigation.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall finalize a rule establishing ethics requirements for the establishment or operation of a legal expense fund for the benefit of the President, the Vice President, or any political appointee, consistent with the requirements of subsection (b).

(b) Limitations on acceptance of certain payments.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—A legal expense fund described in subsection (a) may not accept any contribution or other payment made by—

(A) an individual who is a registered lobbyist under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.); or

(B) an agent of a foreign principal.

(2) APPROPRIATE REMEDIAL ACTION.—In the case of a contribution described in paragraph (1)—

(A) the legal expense fund shall take appropriate remedial action; and

(B) the Director of the Office of Government Ethics may assess a fine against the individual or agent of a foreign principal, as defined in section 1 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611).

(a) Requirements for inaugural committees.—Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Confirming amendments related to reporting requirements.—

(1) Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104) is amended—

(A) by striking subsection (h); and

(B) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (h).

(2) Section 309(a)(4)(C)(iv)(I) is amended by striking “or (i)” and inserting “or (h)”.

(3) Section 313(c)(4) is amended by striking “section 304(i)(8)(B)” and inserting “section 304(h)(8)(B)”.

(c) Conforming amendment related to status of committee.—Section 510 of title 36, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to Inaugural Committees established under chapter 5 of title 36, United States Code, for inaugurations held in 2025 and any succeeding year.

This title may be cited as the “Congressional Subpoena Compliance and Enforcement Act”.

The Congress finds as follows:

(1) As the Supreme Court of the United States has repeatedly affirmed, including in its July 9, 2020, holding in Trump v. Mazars, Congress’s “power of inquiry—with process to enforce it—is an essential and appropriate auxiliary to the legislative function”. Congress’s power to obtain information, including through the issuance of subpoenas and the enforcement of such subpoenas, is “broad and indispensable”.

(2) Congress “suffers a concrete and particularized injury when denied the opportunity to obtain information necessary” to the exercise of its constitutional functions, as the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit correctly recognized in its August 7, 2020, en banc decision in Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives v. McGahn.

(3) Accordingly, the Constitution secures to each House of Congress an inherent right to enforce its subpoenas in court. Explicit statutory authorization is not required to secure such a right of action, and the contrary holding by a divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in McGahn, entered on August 31, 2020, was in error.

(a) In general.—Chapter 85 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1365 the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for chapter 85 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1365 the following:

“1365a. Congressional actions against subpoena recipients.”.

(a) In general.—Chapter 7 of title II of the Revised Statutes of the United States (2 U.S.C. 191 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents for chapter 7 of title II of the Revised Statutes of the United States is amended by adding at the end the following:

“105. Response to congressional subpoenas.”.

Nothing in this title may be interpreted to limit or constrain Congress’ inherent authority or foreclose any other means for enforcing compliance with congressional subpoenas, nor may anything in this title be interpreted to establish or recognize any ground for noncompliance with a congressional subpoena.

Section 2954 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “An Executive” and inserting “(a) Submitting information.—An Executive”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) Failure To comply.—For purposes of remedying any failure to comply with a request under subsection (a), section 1365a of title 28 and section 105 of the Revised Statutes of the United States shall apply to such a request in the same manner as such sections 1365a and 105 apply to a subpoena.”.

This title may be cited as the “Congressional Power of the Purse Act”.

(a) In general.—Part B of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 682 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 set forth in section 1(b) of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1017 the following:

“1018. Prudent obligation of budget authority and specific requirements for expiring budget authority.”.

(a) In general.—Part B of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 682 et seq.), as amended by section 501(a), is further amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 set forth in section 1(b) of such Act, as amended by section 501(b), is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1018 the following:

“1019. Reporting on apportionment of appropriations by departments and agencies.”.

(a) In general.—Section 1015 of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 686) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter following paragraph (2), by striking the last sentence; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Review.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General shall—

“(A) review compliance with this part; and

“(B) submit to the Committee on the Budget, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on the Budget, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives, and any other appropriate congressional committee of the Senate or the House of Representatives a report, and any relevant information related to the report, on any noncompliance with this part.

“(2) INFORMATION, DOCUMENTATION, AND VIEWS.—The President or the head of the relevant department or agency of the United States shall provide information, documentation, and views to the Comptroller General, as is determined by the Comptroller General to be necessary to determine such compliance, not later than 20 days after the date on which the request from the Comptroller General is received, or if the Comptroller General determines that a shorter or longer period is appropriate based on the specific circumstances, within such shorter or longer period.

“(3) ACCESS.—To carry out the responsibilities of this part, the Comptroller General shall have access to interview the officers, employees, contractors, and other agents and representatives of a department, agency, or office of the United States at any reasonable time as the Comptroller General may request.”.

(b) Rule of construction.—Section 1001 of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 681) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking the “or” at the end of the paragraph;

(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(5) affecting or limiting in any way the authorities provided to the Comptroller General under chapter 7 of title 31, United States Code.”.

Section 1016 of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 687) is amended to read as follows:

(a) In general.—Part B of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 682 et seq.), as amended by section 502(a), is further amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 set forth in section 1(b) of such Act, as amended by section 502(b), is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1019 the following:

“1020. Penalties for failure to comply.”.

Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(40) for the budget for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, a report—

“(A) identifying unobligated expired balances as of the beginning of the current fiscal year and the beginning of each of the preceding 2 fiscal years by agency and the applicable Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol or fund account; and

“(B) providing explanation of unobligated expired balances in any Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol or fund account that exceed the lesser of 5 percent of total appropriations made available for that account or $100,000,000.”.

Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, as amended by section 511, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(41) for the budget for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, a report—

“(A) identifying cancelled balances (pursuant to section 1552(a)) for the preceding 3 fiscal years by agency and Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol or fund account;

“(B) providing explanation of cancelled balances in any Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol or fund account that exceed the lesser of 5 percent of total appropriations made available for that account or $100,000,000; and

“(C) including a tabulation, by Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol or fund account and appropriation, of all balances of appropriations available for an indefinite period in an appropriation account available for an indefinite period that do not meet the criteria for closure under section 1555, but for which either—

“(i) the head of the agency concerned or the President has determined that the purposes for which the appropriation was made have been carried out; or

“(ii) no disbursement has been made against the appropriation—

“(I) in the prior year and the preceding fiscal year; or

“(II) in the prior year and which the budget estimates zero disbursements in the current year.”.

Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, as amended by section 512, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(42) a report—

“(A) identifying any obligation or expenditure made by a department or agency affected in whole or in part by any lapse in appropriations of 5 consecutive days or more during the preceding fiscal year for which amounts were not available; and

“(B) with respect to any such obligation or expenditure, providing—

“(i) the amount so obligated or expended;

“(ii) the account affected;

“(iii) an explanation of the exception under subchapter III of chapter 13 or subchapter II of chapter 15 of this title, or another legal authority, that permitted the department or agency, as the case may be, to incur such obligation or expenditure; and

“(iv) an explanation of any change in the application of any exception under subchapter III of chapter 13 or subchapter II of chapter 15 of this title for a program, project, or activity from any explanations previously reported on pursuant to this paragraph.”.

Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, as amended by section 513, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(43) for the budget for fiscal year 2025, a report—

“(A) identifying any transfer authority or other authority to repurpose appropriations provided in a law other than an appropriation act; and

“(B) with respect to any such authority, providing the citation to the statute, the list of departments or agencies covered, an explanation of when such authority may be used, and an explanation on any use of such authority in the preceding 3 fiscal years.”.

(a) In general.—Subchapter IV of chapter 15 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1555 the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for subchapter IV of chapter 15 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1555 the following:

“1555a. Cancellation of appropriations available for indefinite periods within an account.”.

(a) In general.—Subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 721 the following:

“722. Requirement to respond to requests for information from the Comptroller General for budget and appropriations law decisions.”.

(a) Violations of section 1341 or 1342.—Section 1351 of title 31, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “If” and inserting “(a) If”;

(2) by inserting “or if the Comptroller General determines that an officer or employee of an executive agency or of the District of Columbia government violated section 1341(a) or 1342,” before “the head of the agency”;

(3) by striking “the Comptroller General” and inserting “the Comptroller General and the Attorney General”; and

(4) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) Any such report shall include a statement of the provision violated, a summary of the facts pertaining to the violation, the title and Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol of the appropriation or fund account, the amount involved for each violation, the date on which the violation occurred, the position of any officer or employee responsible for the violation, a statement of the administrative discipline imposed and any further action taken with respect to any officer or employee involved in the violation, a statement of any additional action taken to prevent recurrence of the same type of violation, a statement of any determination that the violation was not knowing and willful that has been made by the executive agency or the District of Columbia government, and any written response by any officer or employee identified by position as involved in the violation. In the case that the Comptroller General issues a legal decision concluding that section 1341(a) or 1342 was violated and the executive agency or the District of Columbia government does not agree that a violation has occurred, the report provided to the President, the Congress, and the Comptroller General will explain the position of the executive agency or the District of Columbia government.”.

(b) Violations of section 1517.—Section 1517 of title 31, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) by inserting “or if the Comptroller General determines that an officer or employee of an executive agency or of the District of Columbia government violated subsection (a),” before “the head of the executive agency”; and

(B) by striking “the Comptroller General” and inserting “the Comptroller General and the Attorney General”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Any such report shall include a statement of the provision violated, a summary of the facts pertaining to the violation, the title and Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol of the appropriation or fund account, the amount involved for each violation, the date on which the violation occurred, the position of any officer or employee responsible for the violation, a statement of the administrative discipline imposed and any further action taken with respect to any officer or employee involved in the violation, a statement of any additional action taken to prevent recurrence of the same type of violation, a statement of any determination that the violation was not knowing and willful that has been made by the executive agency or the District of Columbia government, and any written response by any officer or employee identified by position as involved in the violation. In the case that the Comptroller General issues a legal decision concluding that subsection (a) was violated and the executive agency or the District of Columbia government does not agree that a violation has occurred, the report provided to the President, the Congress, and the Comptroller General will explain the position of the executive agency or the District of Columbia government.”.

(a) Violations of sections 1341 or 1342.—Section 1350 of title 31, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “An officer” and inserting “(a) An officer”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) (1) If an executive agency or the District of Columbia government reports, under section 1351, a violation of section 1341(a) or 1342, the Attorney General shall promptly review such report and investigate to the extent necessary to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the responsible officer or employee knowingly and willfully violated such section 1341(a) or 1342, as applicable. If the Attorney General determines that there are such reasonable grounds, the Attorney General diligently shall investigate a criminal violation under this section.

“(2) The Attorney General shall submit to Congress and the Comptroller General on or before March 31 of each calendar year an annual report detailing separately for each executive agency and for the District of Columbia government—

“(A) the number of reports under section 1351 transmitted to the President during the preceding calendar year;

“(B) the number of reports reviewed in accordance with paragraph (1) during the preceding calendar year;

“(C) without identification of any individual officer or employee, a description of each investigation undertaken in accordance with paragraph (1) during the preceding calendar year and an explanation of the status of any such investigation; and

“(D) without identification of any individual officer or employee, an explanation of any update to the status of any review or investigation previously reported pursuant to this paragraph.”.

(b) Violations of section 1517.—Section 1519 of title 31, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “An officer” and inserting “(a) An officer”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) (1) If an executive agency or the District of Columbia government reports, under section 1517(b), a violation of section 1517(a), the Attorney General shall promptly review such report and investigate to the extent necessary to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the responsible officer or employee knowingly and willfully violated such section 1517(a). If the Attorney General determines that there are such reasonable grounds, the Attorney General diligently shall investigate a criminal violation under this section.

“(2) The Attorney General shall submit to Congress and the Comptroller General on or before March 31 of each calendar year an annual report detailing separately for each executive agency and for the District of Columbia government—

“(A) the number of reports under section 1517(b) transmitted to the President during the preceding calendar year;

“(B) the number of reports reviewed in accordance with paragraph (1) during the preceding calendar year;

“(C) without identification of any individual officer or employee, a description of each investigation undertaken in accordance with paragraph (1) during the preceding calendar year and an explanation of the status of any such investigation; and

“(D) without identification of any individual officer or employee, an explanation of any update to the status of any review or investigation previously reported pursuant to this subsection.”.

(a) Schedule of publication for final OLC opinions.—Each final OLC opinion shall be made available on its public website in a manner that is searchable, sortable, and downloadable in its entirety as soon as is practicable, but—

(1) not later than 30 days after the opinion is issued or updated if such action takes place on or after the date of enactment of this Act;

(2) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act for an opinion issued on or after January 20, 1993;

(3) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act for an opinion issued on or after January 20, 1981, and before or on January 19, 1993;

(4) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act for an opinion issued on or after January 20, 1969, and before or on January 19, 1981; and

(5) not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act for all other opinions.

(b) Exceptions and limitation on public availability of final OLC opinions.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—A final OLC opinion or part thereof may be withheld only to the extent—

(A) information contained in the opinion was—

(i) specifically authorized to be kept secret, under criteria established by an Executive order, in the interest of national defense or foreign policy;

(ii) properly classified, including all procedural and marking requirements, pursuant to such Executive order;

(iii) the Attorney General determines that the national defense or foreign policy interests protected outweigh the public’s interest in access to the information; and

(iv) put through declassification review within the past two years;

(B) information contained in the opinion relates to the appointment of a specific individual not confirmed to Federal office;

(C) information contained in the opinion is specifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other than sections 552 and 552b of title 5, United States Code), if such statute—

(i) requires that the material be withheld in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue; or

(ii) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of material to be withheld;

(D) information in the opinion includes trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential whose disclosure would likely cause substantial harm to the competitive position of the person from whom the information was obtained;

(E) the President, in his or her sole and nondelegable determination, formally and personally claims in writing that executive privilege prevents the release of the information and disclosure would cause specific identifiable harm to an interest protected by an exception or the disclosure is prohibited by law; or

(F) information in the opinion includes personnel and medical files and similar files the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy.

(2) DETERMINATION TO WITHHOLD.—Any determination under this subsection to withhold information contained in a final OLC opinion shall be made by the Attorney General or a designee of the Attorney General. The determination shall be—

(A) in writing;

(B) made available to the public within the same timeframe as is required of a formal OLC opinion;

(C) sufficiently detailed as to inform the public of what kind of information is being withheld and the reason therefore; and

(D) effective only for a period of 3 years, subject to review and reissuance, with each reissuance made available to the public.

(3) FINAL OPINIONS.—For final OLC opinions for which the text is withheld in full or in substantial part, a detailed unclassified summary of the opinion shall be made available to the public, in the same timeframe as required of the final OLC opinion, that conveys the essence of the opinion, including any interpretations of a statute, the Constitution, or other legal authority. A notation shall be included in any published list of final OLC opinions regarding the extent of the withholdings.

(4) NO LIMITATION ON FREEDOM OF INFORMATION.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as limiting the availability of information under section 552 of title 5, United States Code or construed as an exemption under paragraph (3) of subsection (b) of such section.

(5) NO LIMITATION ON RELIEF.—A decision by the Attorney General to release or withhold information pursuant to this title shall not preclude any action or relief conferred by statutory or regulatory regime that empowers any person to request or demand the release of information.

(6) REASONABLY SEGREGABLE PORTIONS OF OPINIONS TO BE PUBLISHED.—Any reasonably segregable portion of an opinion shall be provided after withholding of the portions which are exempt under this section. The amount of information withheld, and the exemption under which the withholding is made, shall be indicated on the released portion of the opinion, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption in this paragraph under which the withholding is made. If technically feasible, the amount of the information withheld, and the exemption under which the withholding is made, shall be indicated at the place in the opinion where such withholding is made.

(c) Method of publication.—The Attorney General shall publish each final OLC opinion to the extent the law permits, including by publishing the opinions on a publicly accessible website that—

(1) with respect to each opinion—

(A) contains an electronic copy of the opinion, including any transmittal letter associated with the opinion, in an open format that is platform independent and that is available to the public without restrictions;

(B) provides the public the ability to retrieve an opinion, to the extent practicable, through searches based on—

(i) the title of the opinion;

(ii) the date of publication or revision; or

(iii) the full text of the opinion;

(C) identifies the time and date when the opinion was required to be published, and when the opinion was transmitted for publication; and

(D) provides a permanent means of accessing the opinion electronically;

(2) includes a means for bulk download of all final OLC opinions or a selection of opinions retrieved using a text-based search;

(3) provides free access to the opinions, and does not charge a fee, require registration, or impose any other limitation in exchange for access to the website; and

(4) is capable of being upgraded as necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.

(d) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) OLC OPINION.—The term “OLC opinion” means views on a matter of legal interpretation communicated by the Office of Legal Counsel of the Department of Justice to any other office or agency, or person in an office or agency, in the Executive Branch, including any office in the Department of Justice, the White House, or the Executive Office of the President, and rendered in accordance with sections 511–513 of title 28, United States Code, and relating to—

(A) subtitle II, III, V, or VI of title 31, United States Code;

(B) the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985;

(C) the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974; or

(D) any appropriations Act, continuing resolution, or other provision of law providing or governing appropriations or budget authority.

(2) FINAL OLC OPINION.—The term “final OLC opinion” means an OLC opinion that—

(A) the Attorney General, Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, or a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, has determined is final; or

(B) is cited in another Office of Legal Counsel opinion.

Section 552(d) of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the “Freedom of Information Act”), is amended, in the second sentence, by inserting “or any Member of Congress” before the period at the end.

(a) Requirements relating to declaration and renewal of national emergencies.—Title II of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) is amended by striking sections 201 and 202 and inserting the following:

(b) Reporting requirements.—Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(d) Report on emergencies.—The President shall transmit to Congress, with any proclamation declaring a national emergency under section 201(a) or any Executive order specifying emergency powers or authorities under section 201(b)(2) or renewing a national emergency under section 202(b), a report, in writing, that includes the following:

“(1) A description of the circumstances necessitating the declaration of a national emergency, the renewal of such an emergency, or the use of a new emergency power or authority specified in the Executive order, as the case may be.

“(2) The estimated duration of the national emergency, or a statement that the duration of the national emergency cannot reasonably be estimated at the time of transmission of the report.

“(3) A summary of the actions the President or other officers intend to take, including any reprogramming or transfer of funds and any contracts anticipated to be entered into, and the statutory authorities the President and such officers expect to rely on in addressing the national emergency.

“(4) In the case of a renewal of a national emergency, a summary of the actions the President or other officers have taken in the preceding one-year period, including any reprogramming or transfer of funds, to address the emergency.

“(e) Provision of information to congress.—The President shall provide to Congress such other information as Congress may request in connection with any national emergency in effect under title II.

“(f) Periodic reports on status of emergencies.—If the President declares a national emergency under section 201(a), the President shall, not less frequently than every 90 days for the duration of the emergency, report to Congress on the status of the emergency and the actions the President or other officers have taken and authorities the President and such officers have relied on in addressing the emergency.”.

(c) Exclusion of imposition of duties and import quotas from presidential authorities under International Emergency Economic Powers Act.—Section 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

“(c) (1) The authority granted to the President by this section does not include the authority to impose duties or tariff-rate quotas or (subject to paragraph (2)) other quotas on articles entering the United States.

“(2) The limitation under paragraph (1) does not prohibit the President from excluding all articles imported from a country from entering the United States.”.

(d) Conforming amendments.—

(1) NATIONAL EMERGENCIES ACT.—Title III of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631) is repealed.

(2) INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY ECONOMIC POWERS ACT.—Section 207 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1706) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) In this section, the term ‘National Emergencies Act’ means the National Emergencies Act, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Congressional Power of the Purse Act.”.

(e) Effective date; applicability.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), this section and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and apply with respect to national emergencies declared under section 201 of the National Emergencies Act on or after that date.

(2) APPLICABILITY TO RENEWALS OF EXISTING EMERGENCIES.—When a national emergency declared under section 201 of the National Emergencies Act before the date of the enactment of this Act would expire or be renewed under section 202(d) of that Act (as in effect on the day before such date of enactment), that national emergency shall be subject to the requirements for renewal under section 202(b) of that Act, as amended by subsection (a).

Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, as amended by section 514, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(44) (A) a report on the proposed, planned, and actual obligations and expenditures of funds (for the prior fiscal year, the current fiscal year, and the fiscal years for which the budget is submitted) attributable to the exercise of powers and authorities made available by statute for each national emergency declared by the President, currently active or in effect during the applicable fiscal years.

“(B) Obligations and expenditures contained in the report under subparagraph (A) shall be organized by Treasury Appropriation Fund Symbol or fund account and by program, project, and activity, and include—

“(i) a description of each such program, project, and activity;

“(ii) the authorities under which such funding actions are taken; and

“(iii) the purpose and progress of such obligations and expenditures toward addressing the applicable national emergency.

“(C) Such report shall include, with respect to any transfer, reprogramming, or repurposing of funds to address the applicable national emergency—

“(i) the amount of such transfer, reprogramming, or repurposing;

“(ii) the authority authorizing each such transfer, reprogramming, or repurposing; and

“(iii) a description of programs, projects, and activities affected by such transfer, reprogramming, or repurposing, including by a reduction in funding.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the conclusion of the process for approval, adoption, or revision of any presidential emergency action document, the President shall submit that document to the appropriate congressional committees.

(b) Documents in existence before date of enactment.—Not later than 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees all presidential emergency action documents in existence before such date of enactment.

(c) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term “appropriate congressional committees”, with respect to a presidential emergency action document submitted under subsection (a) or (b), means—

(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

(C) any other committee of the Senate or the House of Representatives with jurisdiction over the subject matter addressed in the presidential emergency action document.

(2) PRESIDENTIAL EMERGENCY ACTION DOCUMENT.—The term “presidential emergency action document” refers to—

(A) each of the approximately 56 documents described as presidential emergency action documents in the budget justification materials for the Office of Legal Counsel of the Department of Justice submitted to Congress in support of the budget of the President for fiscal year 2018; and

(B) any other pre-coordinated legal document in existence before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act, that—

(i) is designated as a presidential emergency action document; or

(ii) is designed to implement a presidential decision or transmit a presidential request when an emergency disrupts normal governmental or legislative processes.

Section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(A)) is amended—

(1) in clause (i), by striking “and the President subsequently so designates”; and

(2) in clause (ii), by striking “and the President subsequently so designates”.

This title may be cited as the “Security From Political Interference in Justice Act of 2023”.

In this title:

(1) COMMUNICATIONS LOG.—The term “communications log” means the log required to be maintained under section 603(a).

(2) COVERED COMMUNICATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “covered communication” means any communication relating to any contemplated or ongoing investigation or litigation conducted by the Department of Justice in any civil or criminal matter (regardless of whether a civil action or criminal indictment or information has been filed); and

(B) EXCEPTIONS.—The term “covered communication” does not include a communication that is any of the following:

(i) A communication that involves contact between the President, the Vice President, the Counsel to the President, or the Principal Deputy Counsel to the President, and the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, or the Associate Attorney General, except to the extent that the communication concerns a contemplated or ongoing investigation or litigation in which a target or subject is one of the following:

(I) The President, the Vice President, or a member of the immediate family of the President or Vice President.

(II) Any individual working in the Executive Office of the President who is compensated at a rate of pay at or above level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code.

(III) The current or former chair or treasurer of any national campaign committee that sought the election or seeks the reelection of the President, or any officer of such a committee exercising authority at the national level, during the tenure in office of the President.

(ii) A communication that involves contact between an officer or employee of the Department of Justice and an officer or employee of the Executive Office of the President on a particular matter, if any of the President, the Vice President, the Counsel to the President, or the Principal Deputy Counsel to the President, and if any of the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, or the Associate Attorney General, have designated a subordinate to carry on such contact, and the person so designating monitors all subsequent communications and the person designated keeps the designating person informed of each such communication, except to the extent that the communication concerns a contemplated or ongoing investigation or litigation in which a target or subject is one of the following:

(I) The President, the Vice President, or a member of the immediate family of the President or Vice President.

(II) Any individual working in the Executive Office of the President who is compensated at a rate of pay at or above level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code.

(III) The current or former chair or treasurer of any national campaign committee that sought the election or seeks the reelection of the President, or any officer of such a committee exercising authority at the national level, during the tenure in office of the President.

(iii) A communication that involves contact from or to the Deputy Counsel to the President for National Security Affairs, the staff of the National Security Council, or the staff of the Homeland Security Council that relates to a national security matter, except to the extent that the communication concerns a pending civil or criminal action that may have national security implications.

(iv) A communication that involves contact between the Office of the Pardon Attorney of the Department of Justice and the Counsel to the President or a Deputy Counsel to the President relating to pardon matters.

(v) A communication that relates solely to policy, appointments, legislation, rulemaking, budgets, public relations or affairs, programmatic matters, intergovernmental relations, administrative or personnel matters, appellate litigation, or requests for legal advice.

(3) IMMEDIATE FAMILY OF THE PRESIDENT OR VICE PRESIDENT.—The term “immediate family of the President or Vice President” means the persons to whom the President or Vice President—

(A) is related by blood, marriage, or adoption; or

(B) stands in loco parentis.

(a) In general.—The Attorney General shall maintain a log of covered communications.

(b) Contents.—A communications log shall include, with respect to a covered communication—

(1) the name and title of each officer or employee of the Department of Justice or the Executive Office of the President who participated in the covered communication;

(2) the topic of the covered communication; and

(3) a statement describing the purpose and necessity of the covered communication.

(c) Oversight.—

(1) PERIODIC DISCLOSURE OF LOGS.—Not later than January 30, April 30, July 30, and October 30 of each year, the Attorney General shall submit to the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice a report containing the communications log for the 3-month period preceding that January, April, July, or October.

(2) NOTICE OF INAPPROPRIATE OR IMPROPER COMMUNICATIONS.—The Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall—

(A) review each communications log received under paragraph (1); and

(B) notify the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives if the Inspector General determines that a covered communication described in the communications log—

(i) is inappropriate from a law enforcement perspective; or

(ii) raises concerns about improper political interference.

(d) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed to limit the valid written assertion by the President of presidential communications privilege with regard to any material required to be submitted under this section.

Nothing in this title may be construed to affect any requirement to report pursuant to title I of this Act or the amendments made by that title.

This title may be cited as the “Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act of 2023”.

(a) Investigations as personnel actions.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2302(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in clause (xi), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) by redesignating clause (xii) as clause (xiii); and

(C) by inserting after the clause (xi) the following:

“(xii) for purposes of subsection (b)(8)—

“(I) the commencement, expansion, or extension of an investigation, but not including any investigation that is ministerial or nondiscretionary (including a ministerial or nondiscretionary investigation described in section 1213) or any investigation that is conducted by an Inspector General of an entity of the Government of an employee not employed by the office of that Inspector General; and

“(II) a referral to an Inspector General of an entity of the Government, except for a referral that is ministerial or nondiscretionary; and”.

(2) APPLICATION.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to any investigation commenced, expanded, or extended, or to any referral made, as described in clause (xii) of section 2302(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by such paragraph, on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

(b) Right To petition Congress.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2302(b)(9) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking “or” at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (D), by adding “or” after the semicolon at the end; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(E) the exercise of any right protected under section 7211;”.

(2) APPLICATION.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to the exercise of any right described in subparagraph (E) of section 2302(b)(9) of title 5, United States Code, as added by that paragraph, occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

(c) Prohibition on disclosure of whistleblower identity.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2302 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(g) (1) No employee of an agency may willfully communicate or transmit to any individual who is not an officer or employee of the Government the identity of, or personally identifiable information about, any other employee because that other employee has made, or is suspected to have made, a disclosure protected by subsection (b)(8), unless—

“(A) the other employee provides express written consent prior to the communication or transmission of their identity or personally identifiable information;

“(B) the communication or transmission is made in accordance with the provisions of section 552a;

“(C) the communication or transmission is made to a lawyer for the sole purpose of providing legal advice to an employee accused of whistleblower retaliation; or

“(D) the communication or transmission is required or permitted by any other provision of law.

“(2) In this subsection, the term ‘officer or employee of the Government’ means—

“(A) the President;

“(B) a Member of Congress;

“(C) a member of the uniformed services;

“(D) an employee, as that term is defined in section 2105, including an employee of the United States Postal Service, the Postal Regulatory Commission, or the Department of Veterans Affairs (including any employee appointed pursuant to chapter 73 or 74 of title 38); and

“(E) any other officer or employee in any branch of the Government of the United States.”.

(2) APPLICATION.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to any transmission or communication described in subsection (g) of section 2302 of title 5, United States Code, as added by paragraph (1), made on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

(d) Right To petition Congress.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 7211 of title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 72 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking the item related to section 7211 and inserting the following:

“7211. Employees’ right to petition or furnish information or respond to Congress.”.

(a) Disclosures relating to officers or employees of an Office of Inspector General.—Section 1213(c) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(3) If the information transmitted under this subsection disclosed a violation of law, rule, or regulation, or gross waste, gross mismanagement, abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, by any officer or employee of an Office of Inspector General, the Special Counsel may refer the matter to the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, which shall comply with the standards and procedures applicable to investigations and reports under this subsection.”.

(b) Retaliatory referrals to inspectors general.—Section 1214(d) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(3) In any case in which the Special Counsel determines that a referral to an Inspector General of an entity of the Federal Government was in retaliation for a disclosure or protected activity described in section 2302(b)(8) or in retaliation for exercising a right described in section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), the Special Counsel shall transmit that finding in writing to the Inspector General within 7 days of making the finding. The Inspector General shall consider that finding and make a determination on whether to initiate an investigation or continue an investigation based on the referral that the Special Counsel found to be retaliatory.”.

(c) Ensuring timely relief.—

(1) INDIVIDUAL RIGHT OF ACTION.—Section 1221 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” each place it appears and inserting “section 2302(b)(8), section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), section 2302(b)(13), or section 2302(g),”.

(2) STAYS.—Section 1221(c)(2) of title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

“(2) Any stay requested under paragraph (1) shall be granted within 10 calendar days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) after the date the request is made, if the Board—

“(A) determines that there is a substantial likelihood that protected activity was a contributing factor to the personnel action involved; or

“(B) otherwise determines that such a stay would be appropriate.”.

(3) APPEAL OF STAY.—Section 1221(c) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(4) If any stay requested under paragraph (1) is denied, the employee, former employee, or applicant for employment may, within 7 days after receiving notice of the denial, file an appeal for expedited review by the Board. The agency shall have 7 days thereafter to respond. The Board shall provide a decision not later than 21 days after receiving the appeal. During the period of appeal, both parties may supplement the record with information unavailable to them at the time the stay was first requested.”.

(4) ACCESS TO DISTRICT COURT; JURY TRIALS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1221(i) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(i) by striking “(i) Subsections” and inserting “(i)(1) Subsections”; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) (A) If, in the case of an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment who seeks corrective action from the Merit Systems Protection Board based on an alleged prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b)(8), section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), section 2302(b)(13), or section 2302(g), no final order or decision is issued by the Board within 180 days after the date on which a request for such corrective action has been duly submitted to the Board, such employee, former employee, or applicant may, after providing written notice to the Special Counsel and the Board and only within 20 days after providing such notice, bring an action for review de novo before the appropriate United States district court, and such action shall, at the request of either party to such action, be tried before a jury. Upon filing of an action with the appropriate United States district court, any proceedings before the Board shall cease and the employee, former employee, or applicant for employment waives any right to refile with the Board.

“(B) If the Board certifies (in writing) to the parties of a case that the complexity of such case requires a longer period of review, subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting ‘240 days’ for ‘180 days’.

“(C) In any such action brought before a United States district court under subparagraph (A), the court—

“(i) shall apply the standards set forth in subsection (e); and

“(ii) may award any relief that the court considers appropriate, including any relief described in subsection (g).”.

(B) APPLICATION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by subparagraph (A) shall apply to any corrective action duly submitted to the Merit Systems Protection Board, during the 5-year period preceding the date of enactment of this Act, by an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment based on an alleged prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b)(8), 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), or 2302(b)(13) of title 5, United States Code, with respect to which no final order or decision has been issued by the Board.

(ii) LIMITATION.—In the case of an individual described in clause (i) whose duly submitted claim to the Merit Systems Protection Board was made not later than 180 days before the date of enactment of this Act, such individual may only bring an action before a United States district court as described in paragraph (2) of section 1221(i) of title 5, United States Code, (as added by subparagraph (A)) if that individual—

(I) provides written notice to the Office of Special Counsel and the Merit Systems Protection Board not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and

(II) brings such action not later than 20 days after providing such notice.

(d) Recipients of whistleblower disclosures.—Section 2302(b)(8)(B) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking “or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures” and inserting “the Inspector General of an agency, a supervisor in the employee’s direct chain of command up to and including the head of the employing agency, or to an employee designated by any of the aforementioned individuals for the purpose of receiving such disclosures”.

(e) Attorney fees.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 7703(a) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(3) If an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment is the prevailing party under a proceeding brought under this section, the employee, former employee, or applicant for employment shall be entitled to attorney fees for all representation carried out pursuant to this section. In such an action for attorney fees, the agency responsible for taking the personnel action shall be the respondent and shall be responsible for paying the fees.”.

(2) APPLICATION.—In addition to any proceeding brought by an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment on or after the date of enactment of this Act in a Federal court under section 7703 of title 5, United States Code, the amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to any proceeding brought by an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment under such section before the date of enactment of this Act with respect to which the applicable Federal court has not issued a final decision.

(f) Extending Whistleblower Protection Act to certain employees.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2302(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended, in the matter following clause (xiii), as redesignated by section 702(a)(1)(B)—

(A) by inserting “subsection (b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), subsection (b)(13), or subsection (g),” after “subsection (b)(8),”; and

(B) by inserting after “title 31” the following: “, a fellow or intern at an agency, a commissioned officer or applicant for employment in the Public Health Service, an officer or applicant for employment in the commissioned officer corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or a noncareer appointee in the Senior Executive Service”.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 261 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps Act of 2002 (33 U.S.C. 3071) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a)—

(i) by striking paragraph (8); and

(ii) by redesignating paragraphs (9) through (26) as paragraphs (8) through (25), respectively; and

(B) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence.

(3) APPLICATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—With respect to an officer or applicant for employment in the commissioned officer corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply to any personnel action taken against such officer or applicant on or after December 23, 2020, for making any disclosure protected under section 2302(b)(8) of title 5, United States Code.

(B) EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any personnel action with respect to which an allegation has been submitted pursuant to section 1034 of title 10, United States Code, and a final decision has been made regarding such allegation under subsection (h) of such section.

(C) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph, the terms “disclosure” and “personnel action” have the meanings given those terms in section 2302(a) of title 5, United States Code.

(g) Relief.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 7701(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “upon the making of the decision” and inserting “upon the making of the decision, necessary to make the employee whole as if there had been no prohibited personnel practice, including training, seniority, and promotions consistent with the employee’s prior record”.

(2) APPLICATION.—In addition to any appeal made on or after the date of enactment of this Act to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of title 5, United States Code, the amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to any appeal made under such section before the date of enactment of this Act with respect to which the Board has not issued a final decision.

(a) In general.—Section 7512 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (4), by striking “and” at the end; and

(2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:

“(5) a furlough of more than 14 days but less than 30 days; and

“(6) a furlough of 13 days or less that is not due to a lapse in appropriations;”.

(b) Application.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to any furlough covered by paragraph (5) or (6) of section 7512 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by such subsection), occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—Section 2302 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 702(c)(1), is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(h) (1) In this subsection—

“(A) the term ‘applicant’ means an applicant for a covered position;

“(B) the term ‘censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information’ means any effort to distort, misrepresent, or suppress research, analysis, or technical information; and

“(C) the term ‘employee’ means an employee in a covered position in an agency.

“(2) Any disclosure of information by an employee or applicant for employment that the employee or applicant reasonably believes is evidence of censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information—

“(A) shall come within the protections of subsection (b)(8)(A) if—

“(i) the employee or applicant reasonably believes that the censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information is or will cause—

“(I) any violation of law, rule, or regulation; or

“(II) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; and

“(ii) such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law or such information is not specifically required by Executive order to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs; and

“(B) shall come within the protections of subsection (b)(8)(B) if—

“(i) the employee or applicant reasonably believes that the censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information is or will cause—

“(I) any violation of law, rule, or regulation; or

“(II) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; and

“(ii) the disclosure is made to the Special Counsel, or to the Inspector General of an agency or another person designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures, consistent with the protection of sources and methods.

“(3) A disclosure shall not be excluded from paragraph (2) for any reason described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (f).

“(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to imply any limitation on the protections of employees and applicants afforded by any other provision of law, including protections with respect to any disclosure of information believed to be evidence of censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information.”.

(b) Repeal.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 110 of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 (5 U.S.C. 2302 note) is hereby repealed.

(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect any action under section 110 of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 (5 U.S.C. 2302 note) commenced before the date of enactment of this Act or any protections afforded by such section with respect to such action.

Title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in section 1212(h), by striking “or (9)” each place it appears and inserting “, (b)(9), (b)(13), or (g)”;

(2) in section 1214—

(A) in subsections (a) and (b), by striking “section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)” each place it appears and inserting “section 2302(b)(8), section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), section 2302(b)(13), or section 2302(g)”; and

(B) in subsection (i), by striking “section 2302(b)(8) or subparagraph (A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) of section 2302(b)(9)” and inserting “section 2302(b)(8), subparagraph (A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of section 2302(b)(9), section 2302(b)(13), or section 2302(g)”;

(3) in section 1215(a)(3)(B), by striking “section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)” each place it appears and inserting “section 2302(b)(8), section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), section 2302(b)(13), or section 2302(g)”;

(4) in section 2302—

(A) in subsection (a)—

(i) in paragraph (1), by inserting “or (g)” after “subsection (b)”; and

(ii) in paragraph (2)(C)(i), by striking “subsection (b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)” and inserting “subsection (b)(8), (b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), (b)(13), or (g)”; and

(B) in subsection (c)(1)(B), by striking “paragraph (8) or subparagraph (A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (9) of subsection (b)” and inserting “subsection (b)(8), subparagraph (A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (b)(9), subsection (b)(13), or subsection (g)”;

(5) in section 7515(a)(2), by striking “paragraph (8), (9), or (14) of section 2302(b)” and inserting “paragraph (8), (9), (13), or (14) of section 2302(b) or section 2302(g)”;

(6) in section 7701(c)(2)(B), by striking “section 2302(b)” and inserting “subsection (b) or (g) of section 2302”; and

(7) in section 7703(b)(1)(B), by striking “section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)” and inserting “section 2302(b)(8), section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), (D), or (E), section 2302(b)(13), or section 2302(g)”.

(a) In general.—The National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new title:

(b) Technical and clerical amendments.—

(1) TRANSFER.—The National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) is amended as follows:

(A) Section 1104 (50 U.S.C. 3234) is—

(i) transferred to title XII of such Act, as added by subsection (a);

(ii) inserted before section 1202 of such Act, as added by such subsection; and

(iii) redesignated as section 1201.

(B) Section 1106 (50 U.S.C. 3236) is—

(i) amended by striking “section 1104” each place it appears and inserting “section 1201”;

(ii) transferred to title XII of such Act, as added by subsection (a);

(iii) inserted after section 1202 of such Act, as added by such subsection; and

(iv) redesignated as section 1203.

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of sections at the beginning of the National Security Act of 1947 is amended—

(A) by striking the items relating to section 1104 and section 1106; and

(B) by adding after the items relating to title XI the end the following new items:

(c) Definitions.—Section 3 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 3003) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

“(8) The term ‘covered Inspector General’ means each of the following:

“(A) The Inspector General of the Intelligence Community.

“(B) The Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency.

“(C) The Inspector General of the Defense Intelligence Agency.

“(D) The Inspector General of the National Reconnaissance Office.

“(E) The Inspector General of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

“(F) The Inspector General of the National Security Agency.

“(9) The term ‘whistleblower’ means a person who makes a whistleblower disclosure.

“(10) The term ‘whistleblower disclosure’ means a disclosure that is protected under section 1201 of this Act or section 3001(j)(1) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (50 U.S.C. 3341(j)).”.

(d) Conforming amendment.—Section 5331 of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (division E of Public Law 116–92; 50 U.S.C. 3033 note) is amended by striking “section 1104 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3234)” and inserting “section 1201 of the National Security Act of 1947”.

(a) In general.—Title XII of the National Security Act of 1947, as added by section 711, is further amended by inserting after section 1203, as designated by section 711(b), the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections at the beginning of the National Security Act of 1947 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1203, as added by section 711(b)(2), the following new item:

“Sec. 1204. Procedures regarding disclosures to Congress.”.

(c) Conforming amendment.—Section 103H(k)(5)(D)(i) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3033(k)(5)(D)(i)) is amended by adding at the end the following: “The employee may request information pursuant to section 1204 with respect to contacting such committees.”.

(a) In general.—Paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of section 1201 of the National Security Act of 1947, as designated by section 711(b)(1)(A), is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (I), by striking “; or” and inserting a semicolon;

(2) by redesignating subparagraph (J) as subparagraph (K); and

(3) by inserting after subparagraph (I) the following new subparagraph:

“(J) a knowing and willful disclosure revealing the identity or other personally identifiable information of such employee or such contractor employee without the express written consent of such employee or such contractor employee or if the Inspector General determines such disclosure is necessary for the exclusive purpose of investigating a complaint or information received under section 416 of title 5, United States Code; or”.

(b) Applicability to detailees.—Such subsection is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(5) EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘employee’, with respect to an agency or a covered intelligence community element, includes an individual who has been detailed to such agency or covered intelligence community element.”.

(c) Private right of action for unlawful disclosure of whistleblower identity.—Subsection (f) of such section is amended to read as follows:

“(f) Enforcement.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the President shall provide for the enforcement of this section.

“(2) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION FOR UNLAWFUL, WILLFUL DISCLOSURE OF WHISTLEBLOWER IDENTITY.—In a case in which an employee of an agency, or other employee or officer of the Federal Government, takes a personnel action described in subsection (a)(3)(J) against an employee of a covered intelligence community element as a reprisal in violation of subsection (b) or in a case in which a contractor employee takes a personnel action described in such subsection against another contractor employee as a reprisal in violation of subsection (c), the employee or contractor employee against whom the personnel action was taken may bring a private action for all appropriate remedies, including injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, against the employee or contractor employee who took the personnel action, in a Federal district court of competent jurisdiction within 180 days of when the employee or contractor employee first learned of or should have learned of the violation.”.

This title may be cited as the “Accountability for Acting Officials Act”.

(a) Eligibility requirements.—Section 3345 of title 5, United States Code, is amended as follows:

(1) In subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by adding before the semicolon at the end the following: “, but, and except as provided in subsection (e), only if the individual serving in the position of first assistant has occupied such position for a period of at least 30 days during the 365-day period preceding the date of the death, resignation, or beginning of inability to serve of the applicable officer”; and

(B) by striking subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

“(A) the officer or employee served in a position in such agency for a period of at least 1 year preceding the date of death, resignation, or beginning of inability to serve of the applicable officer; and”.

(2) By adding at the end the following:

“(d) For purposes of this section, a position shall be considered to be the first assistant to the office with respect to which a vacancy occurs only if such position has been designated, at least 30 days before the date of the vacancy, by law, rule, or regulation as the first assistant position. The previous sentence shall begin to apply on the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of the Accountability for Acting Officials Act.

“(e) The 30-day service requirement in subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any individual who is a first assistant if—

“(1) (A) the office of such first assistant is an office for which appointment is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and

“(B) the Senate has approved the appointment of such individual to such office; or

“(2) the individual began serving in the position of first assistant during the 180-day period beginning on a transitional inauguration day (as that term is defined in section 3349a(a)).”.

(b) Qualifications.—Section 3345(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(3) Any individual directed to perform the functions and duties of the vacant office temporarily in an acting capacity under subsection (a)(2) or (f) shall possess the qualifications (if any) set forth in law, rule, or regulation that are otherwise applicable to an individual appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to occupy such office.”.

(c) Application to individuals removed from office.—Section 3345(c)(2) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after “the expiration of a term of office” the following: “, or removal (voluntarily or involuntarily) from office,”.

(d) Testimony of acting officials before Congress.—Section 3345 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(f) (1) Any individual serving as an acting officer due to a vacancy to which this section applies, or any individual who has served in such capacity and continues to perform the same or similar duties beyond the time limits described in section 3346, shall appear, at least once during any 60-day period that the individual is so serving, before the appropriate committees of jurisdiction of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

“(2) Paragraph (1) may be waived upon mutual agreement of the chairs and ranking members of the committees described in that paragraph.”.

(e) Time limitation for principal offices.—Section 3346 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “or as provided in subsection (d)” after “sickness”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(d) With respect to the vacancy of the position of head of any agency listed in section 901(b) of title 31 (or of any other Executive department) and to which this section applies, subsections (a) through (c) of this section and sections 3348(c), 3349(b), and 3349a(b) shall be applied by substituting ‘120’ for ‘210’ in each instance.”.

(f) Exclusivity.—Section 3347 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:

“(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), any statutory provision covered under paragraph (1) of such subsection that contains a non-discretionary order or directive to designate an officer or employee to perform the functions and duties of a specified office temporarily in an acting capacity shall be the exclusive means for temporarily authorizing an acting official to perform the functions and duties of such office.”.

(g) Reporting of vacancies.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3349 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in subsection (a)—

(i) by striking “immediately upon” in each instance and inserting “not later than 7 days after”;

(ii) in paragraph (3), by striking “and” at the end;

(iii) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

“(5) notification of the end of the term of service of any person serving in an acting capacity and the name of any subsequent person serving in an acting capacity and the date the service of such subsequent person began not later than 7 days after such date.”; and

(B) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “immediately” and inserting “not later than 14 days after the date of such determination”.

(2) TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.—Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 3349(b) of title 5, United States Code, are amended to read as follows:

“(1) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

“(2) the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives;”.

(3) VACANCIES DURING PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL TRANSITIONS.—Section 3349a(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

“(b) Notwithstanding section 3346 (except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection) or 3348(c), with respect to any vacancy that exists on a transitional inauguration day, or that arises during the 60-day period beginning on such day, the person serving as an acting officer as described in section 3345 may serve in the office—

“(1) for no longer than 300 days beginning on such day; or

“(2) subject to section 3346(b), once a first or second nomination for the office is submitted to the Senate, from the date of such nomination for the period that the nomination is pending in the Senate.”.

This title may be cited as the “Hatch Act Accountability Act”.

(a) Investigations by office of special counsel.—Section 1216 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 307, is amended—

(1) in subsection (c), by striking “(1),”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(e) (1) In addition to the authority otherwise provided in this chapter, the Special Counsel—

“(A) shall conduct an investigation with respect to any allegation concerning political activity prohibited under subchapter III of chapter 73 (relating to political activities by Federal employees); and

“(B) may, regardless of whether the Special Counsel has received an allegation, conduct any investigation as the Special Counsel considers necessary concerning political activity prohibited under subchapter III of chapter 73.

“(2) With respect to any investigation under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel may seek corrective action under section 1214 and disciplinary action under section 1215 in the same way as if a prohibited personnel practice were involved.

“(f) (1) Notwithstanding section 1215(b), consistent with paragraph (3) of this subsection, if, after an investigation under subsection (d)(1), the Special Counsel determines that a political appointee has violated section 7323 or 7324, the Special Counsel may present a complaint to the Merit Systems Protection Board under the process provided in section 1215 against such political appointee.

“(2) Notwithstanding section 7326, a final order of the Board on a complaint of a violation of section 7323 or 7324 by a political appointee may impose an assessment of a civil penalty not to exceed $50,000.

“(3) The Special Counsel may not present a complaint under paragraph (1) of this subsection—

“(A) unless no disciplinary action or civil penalty has been taken or assessed, respectively, against the political appointee pursuant to section 7326; and

“(B) until on or after the date that is 90 days after the date that the complaint regarding the political appointee was presented to the President under section 1215(b), notwithstanding whether the President submits a written statement pursuant to paragraph (4) of this subsection.

“(4) (A) Not later than 90 days after receiving from the Special Counsel a complaint recommending disciplinary action under section 1215(b) with respect to a political appointee for a violation of section 7323 or 7324, the President shall provide a written statement to the Special Counsel on whether the President imposed the recommended disciplinary action, imposed another form of disciplinary action and the nature of that disciplinary action, or took no disciplinary action against the political appointee.

“(B) Not later than 14 days after the date on which the Special Counsel receives a written statement under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Special Counsel shall—

“(i) submit the written statement to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives; and

“(ii) publish the written statement on the public website of the Office of Special Counsel.

“(5) Not later than 14 days after the date on which the Special Counsel determines a political appointee has violated section 7323 or 7324, the Special Counsel shall—

“(A) submit a report on the investigation into such political appointee, and any communications sent from the Special Counsel to the President recommending discipline of such political appointee, to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives; and

“(B) publish the report and the communications described in subparagraph (A) on the public website of the Office of Special Counsel.

“(6) In this subsection, the term ‘political appointee’ means any individual, other than the President and the Vice President, employed or holding office—

“(A) in the Executive Office of the President, the Office of the Vice President, or any other office of the White House, but not including any career employee; or

“(B) in a confidential, policy-making, policy-determining, or policy-advocating position appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate (other than an individual in the Foreign Service).”.

(b) Clarification on application of Hatch Act to EOP and OVP employees.—Section 7322(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after “Executive agency” the following: “, including the Executive Office of the President, the Office of the Vice President, and any other office of the White House,”.

(c) Criminal penalty.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections for subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 7326 the following:

“7327. Criminal penalty for Hatch Act violations.”.

(3) TRAINING.—After the first violation by an individual of section 7323 or 7324 of title 5, United States Code, that individual shall be provided training by the employing agency of the individual on how to avoid subsequent violations of either such section.

Section 3110(a)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting “, including the Executive Office of the President” after “Executive agency”.

Section 1216 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(d) (1) With respect to any investigation of an allegation of prohibited activity under subsection (a)(1) against a political employee, not later than 14 days after the date on which the Special Counsel makes a final determination under that investigation with respect to whether a violation occurred, the Special Counsel shall—

“(A) publish, on the website of the Office of Special Counsel, that determination and a report on that determination; and

“(B) submit the report required under subparagraph (A) to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives.

“(2) In this subsection, the term ‘political employee’ means any individual occupying any of the following positions in the executive branch of Government (including an individual carrying out the duties of such a position in an acting capacity):

“(A) Any position required to be filled by an appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

“(B) Any position in the executive branch of the Government of a confidential or policy-determining character under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulations.

“(C) Any position in or under the Executive Office of the President.

“(D) Any position in or under the Office of the Vice President.

“(E) Any position in the Senior Executive Service that is not a career appointee, a limited term appointee, or a limited emergency appointee (as those terms are defined in section 3132(a)).”.

(a) In general.—Section 7323 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(d) Nothing in this section or section 7324 shall be construed to prohibit an employee from allowing a Member of Congress or any other elected official from visiting Federal facilities for an official purpose, including receiving briefings, tours, or other official information.”.

(b) Technical and conforming amendments.—Section 7323 of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking “his official authority or influence” and inserting “the official authority or influence of the employee”; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) by striking “he” and inserting “the employee”; and

(B) by striking “his opinion” and inserting “the opinion of the employee”.

(a) In general.—Subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 902(c), is further amended—

(1) by redesignating sections 7326 and 7327 as sections 7327 and 7328, respectively; and

(2) by inserting after section 7325 the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections of subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 902(c), is further amended by striking the items relating to sections 7326 and 7327 and inserting the following:

“7326. Limitations on political activity of President and Vice President while on Federal property.
“7327. Penalties.
“7327. Criminal penalty for Hatch Act violations.”.

Notwithstanding any other law, rule, or regulation, the Office of Special Counsel shall have exclusive authority to promulgate regulations with respect to authority granted to the Office under subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code.

Section 1204(c) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “Notwithstanding the previous sentences, in the case of contumacy or failure by an individual to obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b)(2)(A) or section 1214(b) with respect to an investigation into any violation of section 7323 or 7324, the Board may issue an order requiring that individual to appear at any designated place to testify or to produce documentary or other evidence.”.

(a) Definition.—In this section, the term “employee” has the meaning given the term in section 7322 of title 5, United States Code.

(b) Continuation of investigation.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Office of Special Counsel may continue an investigation of a violation of section 7323 or 7324 of title 5, United States Code, of an individual who is a former employee only if that investigation commenced while the individual was an employee.

(a) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on reimbursable political events held at the White House or on the White House grounds during the period beginning on January 1, 1997, and ending on the date of enactment of this Act (referred to in this section as the “covered period”).

(b) Contents.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following:

(1) Whether, during the covered period, the requirements in annual appropriations Acts with respect to reimbursable political events have been followed, including the requirements under the heading “Executive Residence At the White House—Reimbursable Expenses” in title II of division D of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (Public Law 116–6).

(2) An assessment of what constitutes a political event during the covered period.

(3) Whether an event that was not classified as a political event during the covered period should have been classified as such an event.

(4) A review of any payment made by a political entity under the terms of the requirements described in paragraph (1).

(5) Recommendations for Congress on—

(A) a definition for the term “political event”;

(B) how to assess whether presidential administrations are following the requirements described in paragraph (1); and

(C) how to hold presidential administrations accountable if the requirements described in paragraph (1) are not followed.

(a) In general.—Subject to subsection (b), in this subtitle:

(1) ADMINISTRATION.—“Administration” means each term of office of the incumbent President serving at the time of the appointment of an appointee.

(2) APPOINTEE.—The term “appointee”—

(A) includes each individual appointed—

(i) to a full-time, noncareer position by the President or the Vice President;

(ii) to a position on the Executive Schedule under sections 5312 through 5316 of title 5, United States Code;

(iii) to a position as a noncareer appointee in the in the Senior Executive Service, as defined in section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code, or as a noncareer appointee under another comparable personnel system for senior personnel; or

(iv) to a position in an Executive agency excepted from the competitive service by reason of being of a confidential or policy-determining character under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or another position excepted from the competitive service under comparable criteria; and

(B) does not include any individual appointed to a position in the Senior Foreign Service or solely as a uniformed service commissioned officer.

(3) COVERED EXECUTIVE BRANCH OFFICIAL; LOBBYING ACTIVITIES, LOBBYIST.—The terms “covered executive branch official”, “lobbying activities”, and “lobbyist” have the meanings given those terms in section 3 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1602).

(4) DIRECTLY AND SUBSTANTIALLY RELATED TO MY FORMER EMPLOYER OR ANY FORMER CLIENT.—The term “directly and substantially related to my former employer or any former client” means any matter in which the former employer or a former client of an appointee is a party or represents a party to the matter.

(5) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term “Executive agency” has the meaning given the term “Executive agency” in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, except that such term—

(A) includes—

(i) the Executive Office of the President;

(ii) the United States Postal Service; and

(iii) the Postal Regulatory Commission; and

(B) does not include the Government Accountability Office.

(6) FORMER CLIENT.—The term “former client”—

(A) means any person for whom an appointee, during the 2-year period before the date of the appointment of the appointee, served personally as agent, attorney, or consultant, except that such service as an agent, attorney, or consultant shall not include any instance in which the service provided was limited to speeches or similar appearances; and

(B) does not include any clients of the former employer of the appointee to whom the appointee did not personally provide services.

(7) FORMER EMPLOYER.—The term “former employer”—

(A) means any person for whom an appointee, during the 2-year period before the date of appointment of the appointee, served as an employee, officer, director, trustee, or general partner; and

(B) does not include any Executive agency or other entity of the Federal Government, any State or local government, the government of the District of Columbia, any Tribal government, any government of a United States territory or possession, or any international organization of which the United States is a member state.

(8) GIFT.—The term “gift”—

(A) has the meaning given the term in section 2635.203(b) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations;

(B) includes any gift that is indirectly solicited or accepted, as defined under section 2635.203(f) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; and

(C) does not include any item excepted under subsections (b), (c), (e)(1), (e)(3), (j), or (l) of section 2635.204 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations.

(9) GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL.—The term “Government official” means any employee of the executive branch of the Government.

(10) LOBBY.—The term “lobby” means to act or have acted as a registered lobbyist.

(11) MATERIALLY ASSIST.—The term “materially assist”—

(A) means to provide substantive assistance; and

(B) does not include—

(i) the provision of background or general education on a matter of law or policy based upon the subject matter expertise of an individual; or

(ii) any conduct or assistance permitted under section 207(j) of title 18, United States Code.

(12) PARTICIPATE.—The term “participate” means to participate personally and substantially.

(13) PARTICULAR MATTER.—The term “particular matter” has the meaning given the term in section 207 of title 18, United States Code, and section 2635.402(b)(3) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations.

(14) PARTICULAR MATTER INVOLVING SPECIFIC PARTIES.—The term “particular matter involving specific parties” has the meaning given the term in section 2641.201(h) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, except that the term shall also include any meeting or other communication relating to the performance of the official duties of an individual with a former employer or former client of the individual, unless—

(A) the communication applies to a particular matter of general applicability; and

(B) participation in the meeting or other event is open to all interested parties.

(15) PLEDGE.—The term “pledge” means the ethics pledge under section 912.

(16) REGISTERED LOBBYIST OR LOBBYING ORGANIZATION.—The term “registered lobbyist or lobbying organization” means—

(A) any lobbyist or an organization filing a registration pursuant to section 4 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1603); and

(B) in the case of an organization filing such a registration, includes each of the lobbyists of the organization identified therein.

(17) SENIOR WHITE HOUSE STAFF.—The term “Senior White House staff” means any person appointed by—

(A) the President to a position under subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 105(a)(2) of title 3, United States Code; or

(B) the Vice President to a position under subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 106(a)(1) of title 3, United States Code.

(b) Rule of construction.—Any reference to a provision of Federal law, including any regulation, under this subtitle shall be construed to refer to any such provision in effect on January 20, 2021.

Each appointee in each Executive agency appointed on or after January 20, 2021, shall sign, and upon signing shall be contractually committed to, an ethics pledge that states the following:

“(1) LOBBYIST GIFT BAN.—I will not accept any gift from any registered lobbyist or lobbying organization for the duration of my service as an appointee.

“(2) REVOLVING DOOR BAN; ALL APPOINTEES ENTERING GOVERNMENT.—For a period of 2 years beginning on the date of my appointment, I will not participate in any particular matter involving specific parties that is directly and substantially related to my former employer or former clients, including regulations and contracts.

“(3) REVOLVING DOOR BAN; LOBBYISTS AND REGISTERED AGENTS ENTERING GOVERNMENT.—If, during the 2 year period before the date of my appointment, I was registered under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) or the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.), in addition to abiding by the limitations of paragraph (2), I will not, for a period of 2 years beginning on the date of my appointment—

“(A) participate in any particular matter with respect to which I lobbied, or engaged in any activity that would require registration under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.), during the 2-year period before the date of my appointment;

“(B) participate in the specific issue area involving the particular matter described in subparagraph (A); or

“(C) seek or accept employment with any Executive agency with respect to which I lobbied, or engaged in any activity that would require registration under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.), during the 2-year period before the date of my appointment.

“(4) REVOLVING DOOR BAN; APPOINTEES LEAVING GOVERNMENT.—If, upon my departure from the Government, the post-employment restrictions relating to communicating with employees of my former Executive agency under section 207(c) of title 18, United States Code, and any implementing regulations, apply to me, I agree that I will abide by those restrictions for a period of 2 years beginning on the last date of my appointment. I will abide by those same restrictions with respect to communicating with the Senior White House staff.

“(5) REVOLVING DOOR BAN; SENIOR AND VERY SENIOR APPOINTEES LEAVING GOVERNMENT.—If, upon my departure from the Government, the post-employment restrictions under subsections (c) or (d) of section 207 of title 18, United States Code, and any implementing regulations, apply to me, I agree that, in addition to abiding by those restrictions, for a period of 1 year beginning on the last date of my appointment, I will not materially assist any other person in making any communication or appearance that I am prohibited from undertaking myself by—

“(A) holding myself out as being available to engage in lobbying activities in support of any such communication or appearance; or

“(B) engaging in any such lobbying activities.

“(6) REVOLVING DOOR BAN; APPOINTEES LEAVING GOVERNMENT TO LOBBY.—In addition to abiding by the limitations under paragraph (4), I also agree, upon leaving Government service, not to lobby any covered executive branch official or non-career Senior Executive Service appointee, or engage in any activity on behalf of any foreign government or foreign political party that, if such activity was undertaken on January 20, 2021, would require that I register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.), for the remainder of the Administration or the 2-year period beginning on the last date of my appointment, whichever is later.

“(7) GOLDEN PARACHUTE BAN.—I have not accepted and will not accept, including after entering Government, any salary or other cash payment from my former employer the eligibility for and payment of which is limited to individuals accepting a position in the United States Government. I also have not accepted and will not accept any non-cash benefit from my former employer that is provided in lieu of such a prohibited cash payment.

“(8) EMPLOYMENT QUALIFICATION COMMITMENT.—I agree that any hiring or other employment decisions I make will be based on the qualifications, competence, and experience of the candidate.

“(9) ASSENT TO ENFORCEMENT.—I acknowledge that subtitle B of title IX of the Protecting Our Democracy Act, which I have read before signing this document, defines certain of the terms applicable to the foregoing obligations and sets forth the methods for enforcing them. I expressly accept the provisions of that subtitle as a part of this agreement and as binding on me. I understand that the terms of this pledge are in addition to any statutory or other legal restrictions applicable to me by virtue of Federal Government service.”.

(a) In general.—

(1) REQUIREMENTS FOR WAIVER.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Counsel to the President, may grant to any current or former appointee a written waiver of any restrictions contained in the pledge signed by such appointee if, and to the extent that, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget certifies in writing—

(A) that the literal application of the restriction is inconsistent with the purposes of the restriction; or

(B) that, subject to subsection (c), it is in the public interest to grant the waiver.

(2) CONTENTS.—Any waiver granted under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) reflect the basis for the waiver; and

(B) in the case of a waiver of the restrictions under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (3) of the pledge, include a discussion of the findings with respect to the considerations set forth in subsection (c)(2) of this section.

(b) Effective date; publication.—

(1) EFFECTIVE DATE.—A waiver granted under subsection (a) shall take effect on the date on which the Director of the Office of Management and Budget signs the waiver.

(2) PUBLICATION.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall make any waiver granted under subsection (a) public not later than 10 days after the waiver is granted.

(c) Public interest.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—With respect to consideration of the public interest under subsection (a)(2)(B), the public interest shall include exigent circumstances relating to national security, the economy, public health, or the environment.

(2) SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining whether it is in the public interest to grant a waiver under subsection (a)(2)(B) of the restrictions under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (3) of the pledge, the responsible official may consider the following factors—

(A) the need of the Government for the services of the individual, including the existence of special circumstances related to national security, the economy, public health, or the environment of the United States;

(B) the uniqueness of the qualifications of the individual to meet the needs of the Government;

(C) the scope and nature of the prior lobbying activities of the individual, including whether such activities were de minimis or rendered on behalf of a nonprofit organization; and

(D) the extent to which the purposes of the restriction may be satisfied through other limitations on the services of the individual, such as those required by paragraph (3)(A) of the pledge.

(a) In general.—The head of each Executive agency shall, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, establish such rules or procedures (conforming as nearly as practicable to the general ethics rules and procedures of the Executive agency, including those relating to designated agency ethics officials) as are necessary or appropriate to ensure—

(1) that every appointee in the Executive agency signs the pledge upon assuming the appointed office or otherwise becoming an appointee;

(2) that compliance with paragraph (3) of the pledge is addressed in a written ethics agreement with each appointee to whom it applies, which agreement shall also be approved by the Counsel to the President prior to the appointee commencing work;

(3) that any spousal employment issue or other conflict not expressly addressed by the pledge is addressed in ethics agreements with appointees or, where no such agreements are required, through ethics counseling; and

(4) that the Executive agency generally complies with this subtitle.

(b) Executive Office of the President.—With respect to the Executive Office of the President, the duties set forth in subsection (a) shall be the responsibility of the Counsel to the President.

(c) Director of the Office of Government Ethics general responsibilities.—The Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall—

(1) ensure that the pledge and a copy of this subtitle are made available for use by each Executive agency in fulfilling the duties of the Executive agency under subsection (a);

(2) in consultation with the Attorney General or the Counsel to the President, when appropriate, assist designated agency ethics officials in providing advice to current or former appointees regarding the application of the pledge; and

(3) in consultation with the Attorney General and the Counsel to the President, adopt such rules or procedures as are necessary or appropriate—

(A) to carry out the foregoing responsibilities;

(B) to authorize limited exceptions to the lobbyist gift ban under paragraph (1) of the pledge for circumstances that do not implicate the purposes of the ban;

(C) to make clear that no individual shall have violated the lobbyist gift ban under paragraph (1) of the pledge if the individual properly disposes of a gift as provided under section 2635.206 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations;

(D) to ensure that existing rules and procedures for Government employees engaged in negotiations for future employment with private businesses that are affected by the official actions of the employees do not affect the integrity of the programs and operations of the Government; and

(E) to ensure, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, that the requirement set forth in paragraph (6) of the pledge is honored by every employee of the executive branch;

(4) in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, submit a report to the President on whether full compliance is being achieved with existing Federal laws and regulations governing executive branch procurement lobbying disclosure, provided that such report shall include—

(A) recommendations relating to steps the executive branch can take to expand, to the fullest extent practicable, disclosure of both executive branch procurement lobbying and of lobbying for presidential pardons; and

(B) recommendations relating to both immediate actions the executive branch can take and, if necessary, recommendations for legislation; and

(5) provide an annual report on the administration of the pledge and this subtitle.

(d) Revolving door ban report.—The Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Counsel to the President, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, report to the President on steps the executive branch can take to expand to the fullest extent practicable the revolving door ban under paragraph (5) of the pledge to all executive branch employees who are involved in the procurement process such that those employees may not for 2 years after leaving Government service lobby any Government official regarding a Government contract that was under the official responsibility of the employee during the last 2 years of Government service of the employee. This report shall include both immediate actions the executive branch can take and, if necessary, recommendations for legislation.

(e) Filing and retention.—Each pledge signed by an appointee, and any waiver granted under section 913 with respect thereto, shall be filed with the head of the agency of the relevant appointee for permanent retention in the official personnel folder of the appointee or any equivalent folder.

(a) In general.—The contractual, fiduciary, and ethical commitments in the pledge provided for herein are solely enforceable by the United States pursuant to this section by any legally available means, including—

(1) debarment proceedings within any affected Executive agency; or

(2) judicial civil proceedings for declaratory, injunctive, or monetary relief.

(b) Bar on lobbying.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Any former appointee who is determined, after notice and hearing, by the duly designated authority within any Executive agency, to have violated the pledge signed by the appointee may be barred from lobbying any officer or employee of the Executive agency to which the appointee was appointed for not more than 5 years in addition to any other restriction on lobbying under the pledge signed by the appointee.

(2) PROCEDURES.—The head of each Executive agency shall, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, establish procedures to implement this subsection, which shall include providing for fact-finding and investigation of possible violations of this subtitle and for referrals to the Attorney General for consideration pursuant to subsection (c).

(c) Authority of the Attorney General.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General may—

(A) upon receiving information regarding the possible breach of any commitment in a signed pledge by an appointee, request any appropriate Federal investigative authority to conduct an investigation of the alleged breach, as may be appropriate; and

(B) upon determining that there is a reasonable basis to believe that a breach of a commitment in a signed pledge by an appointee has occurred, will occur, or will continue to occur if not enjoined, commence a civil action against the former employee in any United States District Court with jurisdiction to consider the matter.

(2) CIVIL RELIEF.—In any civil action commenced under paragraph (1)(B), the Attorney General may request any and all relief authorized by Federal law, including—

(A) such temporary restraining orders and preliminary and permanent injunctions as may be appropriate to restrain future, recurring, or continuing conduct by the former appointee in breach of the commitments in the pledge he or she signed; and

(B) establishment of a constructive trust for the benefit of the United States, requiring an accounting and payment to the United States Treasury of all money and other things of value received by, or payable to, the former employee arising out of any breach or attempted breach of the pledge signed by the former appointee.

(a) Severability.—If any provision of this subtitle or the application of such provision is held to be invalid, the remainder of this subtitle and other dissimilar applications of such provision shall not be affected.

(b) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subtitle shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect—

(1) the authority granted by Federal law to any Executive agency, or the head thereof; or

(2) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) Implementation.—This subtitle shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) Rule of construction.—This subtitle is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(a) Definitions.—In this section—

(1) The term “covered candidate” means a candidate of a major party in a general election for the office of President or Vice President.

(2) The term “income tax return” means, with respect to an individual, any return (as such term is defined in section 6103(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, except that such term shall not include declarations of estimated tax) of—

(A) such individual, other than information returns issued to persons other than such individual; or

(B) of any corporation, partnership, or trust in which such individual holds, directly or indirectly, a significant interest as the sole or principal owner or the sole or principal beneficial owner (as such terms are defined in regulations prescribed by the Secretary).

(3) The term “major party” has the meaning given the term in section 9002 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(4) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Treasury or the delegate of the Secretary.

(b) Disclosure.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—

(A) CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT.—Not later than the date that is 15 days after the date on which an individual becomes a covered candidate, the individual shall submit to the Federal Election Commission a copy of the individual’s income tax returns for the 10 most recent taxable years for which a return has been filed with the Internal Revenue Service.

(B) PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT.—With respect to an individual who is the President or Vice President, not later than the due date for the return of tax for each taxable year, such individual shall submit to the Federal Election Commission a copy of the individual’s income tax returns for the taxable year and for the 9 preceding taxable years.

(C) TRANSITION RULE FOR SITTING PRESIDENTS AND VICE PRESIDENTS.—Not later than the date that is 30 days after the date of enactment of this section, an individual who is the President or Vice President on such date of enactment shall submit to the Federal Election Commission a copy of the income tax returns for the 10 most recent taxable years for which a return has been filed with the Internal Revenue Service.

(2) FAILURE TO DISCLOSE.—If any requirement under paragraph (1) to submit an income tax return is not met, the chairman of the Federal Election Commission shall submit to the Secretary a written request that the Secretary provide the Federal Election Commission with the income tax return.

(3) PUBLICLY AVAILABLE.—The chairman of the Federal Election Commission shall make publicly available each income tax return submitted under paragraph (1) in the same manner as a return provided under section 6103(l)(23) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section).

(4) TREATMENT UNDER THE FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT OF 1971.—Section 304(a)(11) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104(a)(11)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(E) An income tax return filed under the Protecting Our Democracy Act shall be filed in electronic form accessible by computers and shall be treated as a report filed under and required by this Act for purposes of subparagraphs (B) and (C), except that if it would require considerable, extensive, and significant time for the Commission to make redactions to such a return, as required under section 1001(b)(3) of the Protecting Our Democracy Act or subparagraph (B)(ii) of section 6103(l)(23) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the Commission may make the return available for public inspection more than 48 hours after receipt by the Commission, but in no event later than 30 days after receipt by the Commission.”.

(c) Disclosure of returns of Presidents and Vice Presidents and certain candidates for president and vice president.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 6103(l) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(23) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION OF PRESIDENTS AND VICE PRESIDENTS AND CERTAIN CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the chairman of the Federal Election Commission under section 1001(b)(2) of the Protecting Our Democracy Act, not later than the date that is 15 days after the date of such request, the Secretary shall provide copies of any return which is so requested to officers and employees of the Federal Election Commission whose official duties include disclosure or redaction of such return under this paragraph.

“(B) DISCLOSURE TO THE PUBLIC.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The chairman of the Federal Election Commission shall make publicly available any return which is provided under subparagraph (A).

“(ii) REDACTION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION.—Before making publicly available under clause (i) any return, the chairman of the Federal Election Commission shall redact such information as the Federal Election Commission and the Secretary jointly determine is necessary for protecting against identity theft, such as social security numbers.”.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 6103(p)(4) of such Code is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking “or (22)” and inserting “(22), or (23)”; and

(B) in subparagraph (F)(ii) by striking “or (22)” and inserting “(22), or (23)”.

(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to disclosures made on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

(a) Initial notice.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104), as amended by section 309, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(i) Disclosure of reportable foreign contacts.—

“(1) COMMITTEE OBLIGATION TO NOTIFY.—Not later than 1 week after a reportable foreign contact, each political committee shall notify the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Commission of the reportable foreign contact and provide a summary of the circumstances with respect to such reportable foreign contact. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, not later than 1 week after receiving a notification from a political committee under this paragraph, shall submit to the political committee, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate written or electronic confirmation of receipt of the notification.

“(2) INDIVIDUAL OBLIGATION TO NOTIFY.—Not later than 3 days after a reportable foreign contact—

“(A) each candidate and each immediate family member of a candidate shall notify the treasurer or other designated official of the principal campaign committee of such candidate of the reportable foreign contact and provide a summary of the circumstances with respect to such reportable foreign contact; and

“(B) each official, employee, or agent of a political committee shall notify the treasurer or other designated official of the committee of the reportable foreign contact and provide a summary of the circumstances with respect to such reportable foreign contact.

“(3) REPORTABLE FOREIGN CONTACT.—In this subsection:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘reportable foreign contact’ means any direct or indirect contact or communication that—

“(i) is between—

“(I) a candidate, an immediate family member of the candidate, a political committee, or any official, employee, or agent of such committee; and

“(II) an individual that the person described in subclause (I) knows, has reason to know, or reasonably believes is a covered foreign national; and

“(ii) the person described in clause (i)(I) knows, has reason to know, or reasonably believes involves—

“(I) an offer or other proposal for a contribution, donation, expenditure, disbursement, or solicitation described in section 319; or

“(II) coordination or collaboration with, an offer or provision of information or services to or from, or persistent and repeated contact with, a covered foreign national in connection with an election.

“(B) EXCEPTIONS.—

“(i) CONTACTS IN OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS ELECTED OFFICIAL.—The term ‘reportable foreign contact’ shall not include any contact or communication with a covered foreign national by an elected official or an employee of an elected official solely in an official capacity as such an official or employee.

“(ii) CONTACTS FOR PURPOSES OF ENABLING OBSERVATION OF ELECTIONS BY INTERNATIONAL OBSERVERS.—The term ‘reportable foreign contact’ shall not include any contact or communication with a covered foreign national by any person which is made for purposes of enabling the observation of elections in the United States by a foreign national or the observation of elections outside of the United States by a candidate, political committee, or any official, employee, or agent of such committee.

“(iii) EXCEPTIONS NOT APPLICABLE IF CONTACTS OR COMMUNICATIONS INVOLVE PROHIBITED DISBURSEMENTS.—A contact or communication by an elected official or an employee of an elected official shall not be considered to be made solely in an official capacity for purposes of clause (i), and a contact or communication shall not be considered to be made for purposes of enabling the observation of elections for purposes of clause (ii), if the contact or communication involves a contribution, donation, expenditure, disbursement, or solicitation described in section 319.

“(C) COVERED FOREIGN NATIONAL DEFINED.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In this paragraph, the term ‘covered foreign national’ means—

“(I) a foreign principal (as defined in section 1(b) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611(b))) that is a government of a foreign country or a foreign political party;

“(II) any person who acts as an agent, representative, employee, or servant, or any person who acts in any other capacity at the order, request, or under the direction or control, of a foreign principal described in subclause (I) or of a person any of whose activities are directly or indirectly supervised, directed, controlled, financed, or subsidized in whole or in major part by a foreign principal described in subclause (I); or

“(III) any person included in the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury pursuant to authorities relating to the imposition of sanctions relating to the conduct of a foreign principal described in subclause (I).

“(ii) CLARIFICATION REGARDING APPLICATION TO CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.—In the case of a citizen of the United States, subclause (II) of clause (i) applies only to the extent that the person involved acts within the scope of that person’s status as the agent of a foreign principal described in subclause (I) of clause (i).

“(4) IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBER.—In this subsection, the term ‘immediate family member’ means, with respect to a candidate, a parent, parent-in-law, spouse, adult child, or sibling.”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to reportable foreign contacts which occur on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b) Information included on report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 304(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(b)) is amended—

(A) by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (7);

(B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (8) and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(9) for any reportable foreign contact (as defined in subsection (i)(3))—

“(A) the date, time, and location of the contact;

“(B) the date and time of when a designated official of the committee was notified of the contact;

“(C) the identity of individuals involved; and

“(D) a description of the contact, including the nature of any contribution, donation, expenditure, disbursement, or solicitation involved and the nature of any activity described in subsection (i)(3)(A)(ii)(II) involved.”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to reports filed on or after the expiration of the 60-day period which begins on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—Section 302 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30102) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(j) Reportable foreign contacts compliance policy.—

“(1) REPORTING.—Each political committee shall establish a policy that requires all officials, employees, and agents of such committee to notify the treasurer or other appropriate designated official of the committee of any reportable foreign contact (as defined in section 304(i)) not later than 3 days after such contact was made.

“(2) RETENTION AND PRESERVATION OF RECORDS.—Each political committee shall establish a policy that provides for the retention and preservation of records and information related to reportable foreign contacts (as so defined) for a period of not less than 3 years.

“(3) CERTIFICATION.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon filing its statement of organization under section 303(a), and with each report filed under section 304(a), the treasurer of each political committee (other than an authorized committee) shall certify that—

“(i) the committee has in place policies that meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2);

“(ii) the committee has designated an official to monitor compliance with such policies; and

“(iii) not later than 1 week after the beginning of any formal or informal affiliation with the committee, all officials, employees, and agents of such committee will—

“(I) receive notice of such policies;

“(II) be informed of the prohibitions under section 319; and

“(III) sign a certification affirming their understanding of such policies and prohibitions.

“(B) AUTHORIZED COMMITTEES.—With respect to an authorized committee, the candidate shall make the certification required under subparagraph (A).”.

(b) Effective date.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to political committees which file a statement of organization under section 303(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30103(a)) on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) TRANSITION RULE FOR EXISTING COMMITTEES.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, each political committee under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 shall file a certification with the Federal Election Commission that the committee is in compliance with the requirements of section 302(j) of such Act (as added by subsection (a)).

Section 309(d)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30109(d)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

“(E) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a violation of subsection (i) or (b)(9) of section 304 or section 302(j) shall be fined not more than $500,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.

“(F) Any person who knowingly and willfully conceals or destroys any materials relating to a reportable foreign contact (as defined in section 304(i)) shall be fined not more than $1,000,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report relating to notifications received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation under section 304(i)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by section 1101(a) of this Act).

(b) Elements.—Each report under subsection (a) shall include, at a minimum, the following with respect to notifications described in subsection (a):

(1) The number of such notifications received from political committees during the year covered by the report.

(2) A description of protocols and procedures developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation relating to receipt and maintenance of records relating to such notifications.

(3) With respect to such notifications received during the year covered by the report, a description of any subsequent actions taken by the Director resulting from the receipt of such notifications.

(c) Congressional intelligence committees defined.—In this section, the term “congressional intelligence committees” has the meaning given that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).

Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this title shall be construed—

(1) to impede legitimate journalistic activities; or

(2) to impose any additional limitation on the right to express political views or to participate in public discourse of any individual who—

(A) resides in the United States;

(B) is not a citizen of the United States or a national of the United States, as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)); and

(C) is not lawfully admitted for permanent residence, as defined by section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20)).

(a) Clarification of treatment of provision of certain information as contribution or donation of a thing of value.—Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(c) Clarification of treatment of provision of certain information as contribution or donation of a thing of value.—For purposes of this section, a ‘contribution or donation of money or other thing of value’ includes the provision of opposition research, polling, or other non-public information relating to a candidate for election for a Federal, State, or local office for the purpose of influencing the election, regardless of whether such research, polling, or information has monetary value, except that nothing in this subsection shall be construed to treat the mere provision of an opinion about a candidate as a thing of value for purposes of this section.”.

(b) Clarification of application of foreign money ban to all contributions and donations of things of value and to all solicitations of contributions and donations of things of value.—Section 319(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “promise to make a contribution or donation” and inserting “promise to make such a contribution or donation”;

(2) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “donation” and inserting “donation of money or other thing of value, or to make an express or implied promise to make such a contribution or donation,”; and

(3) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:

“(2) a person to solicit, accept, or receive (directly or indirectly) a contribution or donation described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1), or to solicit, accept, or receive (directly or indirectly) an express or implied promise to make such a contribution or donation, from a foreign national.”.

(c) Enhanced penalty for certain violations.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 309(d)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30109(d)(1)), as amended by section 1103, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(G) (i) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a violation of section 319 which involves a foreign national which is a government of a foreign country or a foreign political party, or which involves a thing of value consisting of the provision of opposition research, polling, or other non-public information relating to a candidate for election for a Federal, State, or local office for the purpose of influencing the election, shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.

“(ii) In clause (i), each of the terms ‘government of a foreign country’ and ‘foreign political party’ has the meaning given such term in section 1 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as Amended (22 U.S.C. 611).”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to violations committed on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Provision of information by federal election commission.—Section 303 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30103) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(e) Acknowledgment of foreign money ban.—

“(1) NOTIFICATION BY COMMISSION.—Not later than 30 days after a political committee files its statement of organization under subsection (a), and biennially thereafter until the committee terminates, the Commission shall provide the committee with a written explanation of section 319.

“(2) ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY COMMITTEE.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after receiving the written explanation of section 319 under paragraph (1), the committee shall transmit to the Commission a signed certification that the committee has received such written explanation and has provided a copy of the explanation to all members, employees, contractors, and volunteers of the committee.

“(B) PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR SIGNATURE.—The certification required under subparagraph (A) shall be signed—

“(i) in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate, by the candidate; or

“(ii) in the case of any other political committee, by the treasurer of the committee.”.

(b) Effective date; transition for existing committees.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to political committees which file statements of organization under section 303 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30103) on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) TRANSITION FOR EXISTING COMMITTEES.—

(A) NOTIFICATION BY FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Election Commission shall provide each political committee under such Act with the written explanation of section 319 of such Act, as required under section 303(e)(1) of such Act (as added by subsection (a)).

(B) ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY COMMITTEE.—Not later than 30 days after receiving the written explanation under subparagraph (A), each political committee under such Act shall transmit to the Federal Election Commission the signed certification, as required under section 303(e)(2) of such Act (as added by subsection (a)).

(a) In general.—Section 319(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)(A)) is amended by striking “State, or local election” and inserting the following: “State, or local election, including a State or local ballot initiative or referendum”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held in 2024 or any succeeding year.

This title may be cited as the “Honest Ads Act”.

The purpose of this title is to enhance the integrity of American democracy and national security by improving disclosure requirements for online political advertisements in order to uphold the Supreme Court’s well-established standard that the electorate bears the right to be fully informed.

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the dramatic increase in digital political advertisements, and the growing centrality of online platforms in the lives of Americans, requires the Congress and the Federal Election Commission to take meaningful action to ensure that laws and regulations provide the accountability and transparency that is fundamental to our democracy;

(2) free and fair elections require both transparency and accountability which give the public a right to know the true sources of funding for political advertisements, be they foreign or domestic, in order to make informed political choices and hold elected officials accountable; and

(3) transparency of funding for political advertisements is essential to enforce other campaign finance laws, including the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals.

(a) In general.—Paragraph (22) of section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(22)) is amended by striking “or satellite communication” and inserting “satellite, paid internet, or paid digital communication”.

(b) Treatment of contributions and expenditures.—Section 301 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30101) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (8)(B)(v), by striking “on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising” and inserting “in any public communication”; and

(2) in paragraph (9)(B)—

(A) by amending clause (i) to read as follows:

“(i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station or any print, online, or digital newspaper, magazine, publication, periodical, blog, or platform, unless such broadcasting, print, online, or digital facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate;”; and

(B) in clause (iv), by striking “on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising” and inserting “in any public communication”.

(c) Disclosure and disclaimer statements.—Subsection (a) of section 318 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30120) is amended—

(1) by striking “financing any communication through any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other type of general public political advertising” and inserting “financing any public communication”; and

(2) by striking “solicits any contribution through any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other type of general public political advertising” and inserting “solicits any contribution through any public communication”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and shall take effect without regard to whether or not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated the final regulations necessary to carry out this part and the amendments made by this part by the deadline set forth in subsection (e).

(e) Regulation.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Election Commission shall promulgate regulations on what constitutes a paid internet or paid digital communication for purposes of paragraph (22) of section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(22)), as amended by subsection (a), except that such regulation shall not define a paid internet or paid digital communication to include communications for which the only payment consists of internal resources, such as employee compensation, of the entity paying for the communication.

(a) Expansion to online communications.—

(1) APPLICATION TO QUALIFIED INTERNET AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of section 304(f)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)(A)) is amended by striking “or satellite communication” each place it appears in clauses (i) and (ii) and inserting “satellite, or qualified internet or digital communication”.

(B) QUALIFIED INTERNET OR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION.—Paragraph (3) of section 304(f) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(D) QUALIFIED INTERNET OR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION.—The term ‘qualified internet or digital communication’ means any communication which is placed or promoted for a fee on an online platform (as defined in subsection (j)(3)).”.

(2) NONAPPLICATION OF RELEVANT ELECTORATE TO ONLINE COMMUNICATIONS.—Section 304(f)(3)(A)(i)(III) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)(A)(i)(III)) is amended by inserting “any broadcast, cable, or satellite” before “communication”.

(3) NEWS EXEMPTION.—Section 304(f)(3)(B)(i) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)(B)(i)) is amended to read as follows:

“(i) a communication appearing in a news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station or any online or digital newspaper, magazine, publication, periodical, blog, or platform, unless such broadcasting, online, or digital facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate;”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to communications made on or after January 1, 2024, and shall take effect without regard to whether or not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments.

(a) Clear and conspicuous manner requirement.—Subsection (a) of section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30120(a)) is amended—

(1) by striking “shall clearly state” each place it appears in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) and inserting “shall state in a clear and conspicuous manner”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following flush sentence: “For purposes of this section, a communication does not make a statement in a clear and conspicuous manner if it is difficult to read or hear or if the placement is easily overlooked.”.

(b) Special rules for qualified Internet or digital communications.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 318 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30120) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(e) Special rules for qualified internet or digital communications.—

“(1) SPECIAL RULES WITH RESPECT TO STATEMENTS.—In the case of any qualified internet or digital communication (as defined in section 304(f)(3)(D)) which is disseminated through a medium in which the provision of all of the information specified in this section is not possible, the communication shall, in a clear and conspicuous manner—

“(A) state the name of the person who paid for the communication; and

“(B) provide a means for the recipient of the communication to obtain the remainder of the information required under this section with minimal effort and without receiving or viewing any additional material other than such required information.

“(2) SAFE HARBOR FOR DETERMINING CLEAR AND CONSPICUOUS MANNER.—A statement in qualified internet or digital communication (as defined in section 304(f)(3)(D)) shall be considered to be made in a clear and conspicuous manner as provided in subsection (a) if the communication meets the following requirements:

“(A) TEXT OR GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of a text or graphic communication, the statement—

“(i) appears in letters at least as large as the majority of the text in the communication; and

“(ii) meets the requirements of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c).

“(B) AUDIO COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of an audio communication, the statement is spoken in a clearly audible and intelligible manner at the beginning or end of the communication and lasts at least 3 seconds.

“(C) VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of a video communication which also includes audio, the statement—

“(i) is included at either the beginning or the end of the communication; and

“(ii) is made both in—

“(I) a written format that meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) and appears for at least 4 seconds; and

“(II) an audible format that meets the requirements of subparagraph (B).

“(D) OTHER COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of any other type of communication, the statement is at least as clear and conspicuous as the statement specified in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).”.

(2) NONAPPLICATION OF CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS.—The exceptions provided in section 110.11(f)(1)(i) and (ii) of title 11, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor to such rules, shall have no application to qualified internet or digital communications (as defined in section 304(f)(3)(D) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971).

(c) Modification of additional requirements for certain communications.—Section 318(d) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30120(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A)—

(A) by striking “which is transmitted through radio” and inserting “which is in an audio format”; and

(B) by striking “By radio” in the heading and inserting “Audio format”;

(2) in paragraph (1)(B)—

(A) by striking “which is transmitted through television” and inserting “which is in video format”; and

(B) by striking “By television” in the heading and inserting “Video format”; and

(3) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by striking “transmitted through radio or television” and inserting “made in audio or video format”; and

(B) by striking “through television” in the second sentence and inserting “in video format”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and shall take effect without regard to whether or not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments.

(a) In general.—Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104), as amended by sections 309 and 1101, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(j) Disclosure of certain online advertisements.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—

“(A) REQUIREMENTS FOR ONLINE PLATFORMS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—An online platform shall maintain, and make available for online public inspection in machine readable format, a complete record of any qualified political advertisement which is purchased by a person whose aggregate purchases of qualified political advertisements on such online platform during the calendar year exceeds $500.

“(ii) REQUIREMENT RELATING TO POLITICAL ADS SOLD BY THIRD-PARTY ADVERTISING VENDORS.—An online platform that displays a qualified political advertisement sold by a third-party advertising vendor shall include on its own platform—

“(I) an easily accessible and identifiable link to the records maintained by the third-party advertising vendor under clause (i) regarding such qualified political advertisement; or

“(II) in any case in which the third-party advertising vendor does not make such records available, a statement that no records from the third-party advertising vendors records are available.