(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Dignity for Immigrants while Guarding our Nation to Ignite and Deliver the American Dream Act of 2023” or as the “DIGNIDAD (Dignity) Act of 2023”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

This division may be cited as the “Border Security for America Act”.

In this title:

(1) ADVANCED UNATTENDED SURVEILLANCE SENSORS.—The term “advanced unattended surveillance sensors” means sensors that utilize an onboard computer to analyze detections in an effort to discern between vehicles, humans, and animals, and ultimately filter false positives prior to transmission.

(2) COMMISSIONER.—The term “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

(3) HIGH TRAFFIC AREAS.—The term “high traffic areas” has the meaning given such term in section 102(e)(1) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, as amended by section 1111 of this division.

(4) OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGE.—The term “operational advantage” has the meaning given such term in the 2022–2026 U.S. Border Patrol Strategy (CBP Publication No. 1678–0222).

(5) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Homeland Security.

(6) SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.—The term “situational awareness” has the meaning given such term in section 1092(a)(7) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 6 U.S.C. 223(a)(7)).

(7) SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE.—The term “small unmanned aerial vehicle” has the meaning given the term “small unmanned aircraft” in section 331 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note).

(8) TRANSIT ZONE.—The term “transit zone” has the meaning given such term in section 1092(a)(8) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 6 U.S.C. 223(a)(7)).

(9) UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM.—The term “unmanned aerial system” has the meaning given the term “unmanned aircraft system” in section 331 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note).

(10) UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE.—The term “unmanned aerial vehicle” has the meaning given the term “unmanned aircraft” in section 331 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note).

Section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Division C of Public Law 104–208; 8 U.S.C. 1103 note) is amended—

(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

“(a) In general.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall take such actions as may be necessary (including the removal of obstacles to detection of illegal entrants) to design, test, construct, install, deploy, integrate, and operate physical barriers, tactical infrastructure, and technology in the vicinity of the United States border to achieve situational awareness and operational advantage of the border and deter, impede, and detect illegal activity in high traffic areas.”;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “fencing and road improvements” and inserting “physical barriers”;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)—

(I) by striking “subsection (a)” and inserting “this section”;

(II) by striking “roads, lighting, cameras, and sensors” and inserting “tactical infrastructure, and technology”; and

(III) by striking “gain” and inserting “achieve situational awareness and”;

(ii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

“(B) PHYSICAL BARRIERS AND TACTICAL INFRASTRUCTURE.—The Secretary, in carrying out this section, shall deploy along the United States border the most practical and effective physical barriers and tactical infrastructure available for achieving situational awareness and operational advantage of the border.”;

(iii) in subparagraph (C)—

(I) by amending clause (i) to read as follows:

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with appropriate Federal agency partners, appropriate representatives of Federal, State, Tribal, and local governments, and appropriate private property owners in the United States to minimize the impact on the environment, culture, commerce, and quality of life for the communities and residents located near the sites at which such physical barriers are to be constructed.”; and

(II) in clause (ii)—

(aa) in subclause (I), by striking “or” after the semicolon at the end;

(bb) by amending subclause (II) to read as follows:

“(II) delay the transfer to the United States of the possession of property or affect the validity of any property acquisition by the United States by purchase or eminent domain, or to otherwise affect the eminent domain laws of the United States or of any State; or”; and

(cc) by adding at the end the following new subclause:

“(III) create any right or liability for any party.”; and

(iv) by striking subparagraph (D);

(C) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking “Attorney General” and inserting “Secretary of Homeland Security”;

(ii) by striking “this subsection” and inserting “this section”; and

(iii) by striking “construction of fences” and inserting “the construction of physical barriers”;

(D) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:

“(3) AGENT SAFETY.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Homeland Security, when designing, constructing, and deploying physical barriers, tactical infrastructure, or technology, shall incorporate such safety features into such design, construction, or deployment of such physical barriers, tactical infrastructure, or technology, as the case may be, that the Secretary determines are necessary to maximize the safety and effectiveness of officers or agents of the Department of Homeland Security or of any other Federal agency deployed in the vicinity of such physical barriers, tactical infrastructure, or technology.”; and

(E) in paragraph (4), by striking “this subsection” and inserting “this section”;

(3) in subsection (c)—

(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall have the authority to waive all legal requirements the Secretary determines necessary to ensure the expeditious design, testing, construction, installation, deployment, integration, and operation of the physical barriers, tactical infrastructure, and technology under this section. Such waiver authority shall also apply with respect to any maintenance carried out on such physical barriers, tactical infrastructure, or technology. Any such decision by the Secretary shall be effective upon publication in the Federal Register.”;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following new paragraph:

“(2) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 7 days after the date on which the Secretary of Homeland Security exercises the waiver authority under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate of such waiver.”; and

(4) by adding at the end the following new subsections:

“(e) Technology.—The Secretary of Homeland Security, in carrying out this section, shall deploy along the United States border the most practical and effective technology available for achieving situational awareness and operational advantage of the border.

“(f) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) ADVANCED UNATTENDED SURVEILLANCE SENSORS.—The term ‘advanced unattended surveillance sensors’ means sensors that utilize an onboard computer to analyze detections in an effort to discern between vehicles, humans, and animals, and ultimately filter false positives prior to transmission.

“(2) HIGH TRAFFIC AREAS.—The term ‘high traffic areas’ means areas in the vicinity of the United States border that—

“(A) are within the responsibility of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and

“(B) have significant unlawful cross-border activity, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security.

“(3) OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGE.—The term ‘operational advantage’ has the meaning given such term in the 2022–2026 U.S. Border Patrol Strategy (CBP Publication No. 1678–0222).

“(4) PHYSICAL BARRIERS.—The term ‘physical barriers’ includes reinforced fencing, border barrier system, and levee walls.

“(5) SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.—The term ‘situational awareness’ has the meaning given such term in section 1092(a)(7) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 6 U.S.C. 223(a)(7)).

“(6) TACTICAL INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term ‘tactical infrastructure’ includes boat ramps, access gates, checkpoints, lighting, and roads.

“(7) TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘technology’ includes border surveillance and detection technology, including the following:

“(A) Tower-based surveillance technology.

“(B) Deployable, lighter-than-air ground surveillance equipment.

“(C) Vehicle and Dismount Exploitation Radars (VADER).

“(D) 3-dimensional, seismic acoustic detection and ranging border tunneling detection technology.

“(E) Advanced unattended surveillance sensors.

“(F) Mobile vehicle-mounted and man-portable surveillance capabilities.

“(G) Unmanned aircraft systems.

“(H) Other border detection, communication, and surveillance technology.

“(8) UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM.—The term ‘unmanned aircraft system’ has the meaning given such term in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.”.

(a) Air and marine operations flight hours.—The Secretary shall ensure that not fewer than 95,000 annual flight hours are carried out by Air and Marine Operations of CBP.

(b) Unmanned aircraft systems.—The Secretary, after coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall ensure that Air and Marine Operations operate unmanned aircraft systems on the southern border of the United States for not less than 24 hours per day for 7 days per week.

(c) Primary missions.—The Commissioner shall ensure that—

(1) the primary missions for Air and Marine Operations are to directly support—

(A) U.S. Border Patrol activities along the borders of the United States; and

(B) Joint Interagency Task Force South operations in the transit zone; and

(2) the Executive Assistant Commissioner of Air and Marine Operations assigns the greatest priority to support missions outlined under paragraph (1).

(d) High demand flight hour requirements.—The Commissioner shall ensure that U.S. Border Patrol Sector Chiefs—

(1) identify air support mission-critical hours; and

(2) direct Air and Marine Operations to support requests from Sector Chiefs as their primary mission.

(e) Contract air support authorizations.—The Commissioner shall contract for the unfulfilled air support mission-critical hours, as identified pursuant to subsection (d).

(f) Small unmanned aircraft systems.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol shall be the executive agent with respect to the use of small unmanned aircraft systems by CBP for the purpose of—

(A) meeting the unmet flight hour operational requirements of the U.S. Border Patrol; and

(B) achieving situational awareness and operational advantage.

(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol shall coordinate—

(A) flight operations with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the National Airspace System; and

(B) with the Executive Assistant Commissioner for Air and Marine Operations of CBP to—

(i) ensure the safety of other CBP aircraft flying in the vicinity of small unmanned aircraft systems operated by the U.S. Border Patrol; and

(ii) establish a process to include data from flight hours in the calculation of got away statistics.

(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Paragraph (3) of section 411(e) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211(e)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking “and” after the semicolon at the end;

(B) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); and

(C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:

“(C) carry out the small unmanned aircraft system (as such term is defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code) requirements pursuant to subsection (f) of section 1113 of the Border Security for America Act; and”.

(g) Savings clause.—Nothing in this section shall confer, transfer, or delegate to the Secretary, the Commissioner, the Executive Assistant Commissioner for Air and Marine Operations of CBP, or the Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol any authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration relating to the use of airspace or aviation safety.

(h) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) GOT AWAY.—The term “got away” has the meaning given such term in section 1092(a)(3) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 6 U.S.C. 223(a)(3)).

(2) TRANSIT ZONE.—The term “transit zone” has the meaning given such term in section 1092(a)(8) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 6 U.S.C. 223(a)(8)).

(a) In general.—Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by striking the items relating to sections 435 and 436 and inserting the following new items:

“Sec. 435. Maritime operations coordination plan.
“Sec. 436. Maritime security capabilities assessments.
“Sec. 437. Border security technology program management.”.

(c) Prohibition on additional authorization of appropriations.—No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 437 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as added by subsection (a).

(a) Establishment of National Border Security Advisory Committee.—The Secretary shall establish a National Border Security Advisory Committee, which—

(1) may advise, consult with, report to, and make recommendations to the Secretary on matters relating to border security matters, including—

(A) verifying security claims and the border security metrics established by the Department of Homeland Security under section 1092 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 6 U.S.C. 223); and

(B) discussing ways to improve the security of high traffic areas along the northern border and the southern border; and

(2) may provide, through the Secretary, recommendations to Congress.

(b) Consideration of views.—The Secretary shall consider the information, advice, and recommendations of the National Border Security Advisory Committee in formulating policy regarding matters affecting border security.

(c) Membership.—The National Border Security Advisory Committee shall consist of at least one member from each State who—

(1) has at least five years practical experience in border security operations; or

(2) lives and works in the United States within 80 miles from the southern border or the northern border.

(d) Nonapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.—The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the National Border Security Advisory Committee.

(a) In general.—The Secretary, in coordination with the heads of the relevant Federal, State, and local agencies, shall begin eradicating the carrizo cane plant and any salt cedar along the Rio Grande River that impedes border security operations.

(b) Extent.—The waiver authority under subsection (c) of section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1103 note), as amended by section 1111 of this Act, shall extend to activities carried out pursuant to subsection (a).

(a) Souther Border Threat analysis.—

(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a Southern border threat analysis.

(2) CONTENTS.—The analysis submitted under paragraph (1) shall include an assessment of—

(A) current and potential terrorism and criminal threats posed by individuals and organized groups seeking—

(i) to unlawfully enter the United States through the Southern border; or

(ii) to exploit security vulnerabilities along the Southern border;

(B) improvements needed at and between ports of entry along the Southern border to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror from entering the United States;

(C) gaps in law, policy, and coordination between State, local, or tribal law enforcement, international agreements, or tribal agreements that hinder effective and efficient border security, counterterrorism, and anti-human smuggling and trafficking efforts;

(D) the current percentage of situational awareness achieved by the Department along the Southern border;

(E) the current percentage of operational advantage achieved by the Department on the Southern border; and

(F) traveler crossing times and any potential security vulnerability associated with prolonged wait times.

(3) ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS.—In compiling the Southern border threat analysis required under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider and examine—

(A) the technology needs and challenges, including such needs and challenges identified as a result of previous investments that have not fully realized the security and operational benefits that were sought;

(B) the personnel needs and challenges, including such needs and challenges associated with recruitment and hiring;

(C) the infrastructure needs and challenges;

(D) the roles and authorities of State, local, and tribal law enforcement in general border security activities;

(E) the status of coordination among Federal, State, local, tribal, and Mexican law enforcement entities relating to border security;

(F) the terrain, population density, and climate along the Southern border; and

(G) the international agreements between the United States and Mexico related to border security.

(4) CLASSIFIED FORM.—To the extent possible, the Secretary shall submit the Southern border threat analysis required under this subsection in unclassified form, but may submit a portion of the threat analysis in classified form if the Secretary determines such action is appropriate.

(b) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this section and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol, shall issue a Border Patrol Strategic Plan (referred to in this section as the “plan”) to enhance the security of the international borders of the United States.

(c) Elements.—The plan shall include the following:

(1) A consideration of Border Patrol Capability Gap Analysis reporting, Border Security Improvement Plans, and any other strategic document authored by the U.S. Border Patrol to address security gaps with respect to ports of entry, including efforts to mitigate threats identified in such analyses, plans, and documents.

(2) Information relating to the dissemination of information relating to border security or border threats with respect to the efforts of the Department and other appropriate Federal agencies.

(3) Information relating to efforts by U.S. Border Patrol to—

(A) increase situational awareness, including—

(i) surveillance capabilities, such as capabilities developed or utilized by the Department of Defense, and any appropriate technology determined to be excess by the Department of Defense; and

(ii) the use of manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems;

(B) detect and prevent terrorists and instruments of terrorism from entering the United States;

(C) detect, interdict, and disrupt human smuggling, human trafficking, drug trafficking and other illicit cross-border activity;

(D) focus intelligence collection to disrupt transnational criminal organizations outside of the international and maritime borders of the United States; and

(E) ensure that any new border security technology can be operationally integrated with existing technologies in use by the Department.

(4) Information relating to initiatives of the Department with respect to operational coordination, including any relevant task forces of the Department.

(5) Information gathered from the lessons learned by the deployments of the National Guard to the southern border of the United States.

(6) A description of cooperative agreements relating to information sharing with State, local, Tribal, territorial, and other Federal law enforcement agencies that have jurisdiction on the border.

(7) Information relating to border security information received from—

(A) State, local, Tribal, territorial, and other Federal law enforcement agencies that have jurisdiction on the border or in the maritime environment; and

(B) border community stakeholders, including representatives from—

(i) border agricultural and ranching organizations; and

(ii) business and civic organizations.

(8) Information relating to the staffing requirements with respect to border security for the Department.

(9) A prioritized list of Department research and development objectives to enhance the security of the southern border.

(10) An assessment of training programs, including such programs relating to—

(A) identifying and detecting fraudulent documents;

(B) understanding the scope of CBP enforcement authorities and appropriate use of force policies; and

(C) screening, identifying, and addressing vulnerable populations, such as children and victims of human trafficking.

(d) Northern Border Threat Analysis.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate an update of the Northern Border Threat Analysis as required in the Northern Border Security Review Act (Public Law 114–267).

(a) Duties.—Subsection (c) of section 411 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (18), by striking “and” after the semicolon at the end;

(2) by redesignating paragraph (19) as paragraph (22); and

(3) by inserting after paragraph (18) the following new paragraphs:

“(19) administer the U.S. Customs and Border Protection public private partnerships under subtitle G;

“(20) administer preclearance operations under the Preclearance Authorization Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4431 et seq.; enacted as subtitle B of title VIII of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015; 19 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.);

“(21) authorize preclearance operations under the Preclearance Authorization act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4431 et seq.; enacted as subtitle B of title VIII of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015; 19 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.) to be conducted at land ports of entry; and”.

(b) Office of Field Operations staffing.—Subparagraph (A) of section 411(g)(5) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211(g)(5)) is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: “compared to the number indicated by the current fiscal year work flow staffing model”.

(c) Implementation plan.—Subparagraph (B) of section 814(e)(1) of the Preclearance Authorization Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4433(e)(1); enacted as subtitle B of title VIII of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015; 19 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.) is amended to read as follows:

“(B) a port of entry vacancy rate which compares the number of officers identified in subparagraph (A) with the number of officers at the port at which such officer is currently assigned.”.

(d) Definition.—Subsection (r) of section 411 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211) is amended—

(1) by striking “this section, the terms” and inserting the following: “this section:

“(1) the terms”;

(2) in paragraph (1), as added by subparagraph (A), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) the term ‘unmanned aerial systems’ has the meaning given the term ‘unmanned aircraft system’ in section 331 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note).”.

In carrying out section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (as amended by section 1111 of this division) and section 1113 of this division, the Secretary shall, to the greatest extent practicable, ensure that technology deployed to gain situational awareness and operational advantage of the border be provided to front-line officers and agents of the Department of Homeland Security.

The Secretary is authorized to establish Tunnel Task Forces for the purposes of detecting and remediating tunnels that breach the international border of the United States.

(a) In general.—The Commissioner, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, shall conduct a pilot program to test and evaluate the use of electromagnetic spectrum by U.S. Customs and Border Protection in support of border security operations through—

(1) ongoing management and monitoring of spectrum to identify threats such as unauthorized spectrum use, and the jamming and hacking of United States communications assets, by persons engaged in criminal enterprises;

(2) automated spectrum management to enable greater efficiency and speed for U.S. Customs and Border Protection in addressing emerging challenges in overall spectrum use on the United States border; and

(3) coordinated use of spectrum resources to better facilitate interoperability and interagency cooperation and interdiction efforts at or near the United States border.

(b) Report to Congress.—Not later than 180 days after the conclusion of the pilot program conducted under subsection (a), the Commissioner shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the findings and data derived from such program.

(a) In general.—Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.), as amended by sections 1115 and 1123 of this division, is further amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 438 the following new item:

“Sec. 439. Foreign migration assistance.”.

(a) In general.—Subtitle D of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 251 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Biometric Identification Transnational Migration Alert Program (BITMAP) is established under section 447 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (as added by subsection (a) of this section) and annually thereafter for the following five years, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report that details the effectiveness of BITMAP operations in enhancing national security, border security, and public safety.

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 446 the following new item:

“Sec. 447. Biometric Identification Transnational Migration Alert Program.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Commissioner, in consultation with covered officials and border and port security technology stakeholders, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategic 5-year technology investment plan (in this section to be referred to as the “plan”). The plan may include a classified annex, if appropriate.

(b) Contents of plan.—The plan shall include the following:

(1) An analysis of security risks with respect to ports of entry along the northern and southern borders of the United States.

(2) An identification of capability gaps with respect to security at such ports of entry.

(3) An analysis of current and forecast trends relating to the number of aliens who—

(A) unlawfully entered the United States by crossing the northern or southern border of the United States; or

(B) are unlawfully present in the United States.

(4) A description of security-related technology acquisitions that are listed in order of priority to address the security risks and capability gaps identified pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively.

(5) A description of each planned security-related technology program, including objectives, goals, and timelines for each such program.

(6) An identification of each deployed security-related technology that is at or near the end of the life cycle of such technology.

(7) A description of the test, evaluation, modeling, and simulation capabilities, including target methodologies, rationales, and timelines, necessary to support the acquisition of security-related technologies pursuant to paragraph (4).

(8) An identification and assessment of ways to increase opportunities for communication and collaboration with industry, small and disadvantaged businesses, intra-government entities, university centers of excellence, and national laboratories to ensure CBP understands the market for security-related technologies that are available to satisfy its mission needs before engaging in an acquisition of a security-related technology.

(9) An assessment of the management of planned security-related technology programs by the acquisition workforce of CBP.

(10) An identification of ways to leverage already-existing acquisition expertise within the Federal Government.

(11) A description of the security resources, including information security resources, that will be required to protect security-related technology from physical or cyber theft, diversion, sabotage, or attack.

(12) A description of initiatives to—

(A) streamline the acquisition process of CBP; and

(B) provide greater predictability and clarity, with respect to such process, to small, medium, and large businesses, including information relating to the timeline for testing and evaluation.

(13) An assessment of the privacy and security impact on border communities of security-related technology.

(14) In the case of a new acquisition leading to the removal of equipment from a port of entry along the northern or southern border of the United States, a strategy to consult with industry and community stakeholders affected by such removal.

(15) A strategy to consult with industry and community stakeholders with respect to security impacts at a port of entry described in paragraph (14).

(c) Leveraging the private sector.—To the extent practicable, the plan shall—

(1) leverage to the greatest extent possible emerging technological trends, and research and development trends, within the public and private sectors;

(2) incorporate input from the private sector, including from border and port security stakeholders, through requests for information, industry day events, and other innovative means consistent with the Federal Acquisition Regulation; and

(3) identify security-related technologies that are in development or deployed, with or without adaptation, that may satisfy the mission needs of CBP.

(d) Form.—To the extent practicable, the plan shall be published in unclassified form on the website of the Department.

(e) Approval.—The Commissioner may not publish the plan until the plan is approved by the Secretary.

(f) Disclosure.—The plan shall include a list of the names of individuals not employed by the Federal Government who contributed to the development of the plan.

(g) Update and report.—Not later than the date that is two years after the date on which the plan is submitted to the appropriate congressional committees pursuant to subsection (a) and biennially thereafter for ten years, the Commissioner shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—

(1) an update of the plan, if appropriate; and

(2) a report that includes—

(A) the extent to which each security-related technology acquired by CBP since the initial submission of the plan or most recent update of the plan, as the case may be, is consistent with the planned technology programs and projects identified pursuant to subsection (b)(5); and

(B) the type of contract and the reason for acquiring such security-related technology.

(h) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.

(2) COVERED OFFICIALS.—The term “covered officials” means—

(A) the Under Secretary for Management of the Department;

(B) the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department; and

(C) the Chief Information Officer of the Department.

(3) UNLAWFULLY PRESENT.—The term “unlawfully present” has the meaning given such term in section 212(a)(9)(B)(ii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(9)(B)(ii)).

(a) Authority.—The Commissioner may carry out a program, to be known as the “commercial solutions opening acquisition program” (in this section referred to as the “program”), under which commercial items that are innovative may be acquired through a competitive selection of proposals resulting from a general solicitation and peer review of such proposals.

(b) Treatment as competitive procedures.—Use of general solicitation competitive procedures for the program shall be considered to be use of competitive procedures for purposes of division C of title 41, United States Code.

(c) Limitation.—The Commissioner may not enter into a contract under the program for an amount in excess of $10,000,000.

(d) Guidance.—The Commissioner, in consultation with the Under Secretary for Management of the Department, shall—

(1) issue guidance for the implementation of the program; and

(2) post such guidance on a publicly available website of CBP.

(e) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commissioner shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report relating to the activities of the program as an addendum to the annual budget request submission of the Commissioner.

(2) ELEMENTS.—Each report required under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) an assessment of the impact of the program with respect to competition;

(B) a comparison of acquisition timelines of procurements made using—

(i) the program; and

(ii) other competitive procedures that do not rely on general solicitations; and

(C) a recommendation with respect to whether the authority for the program should be extended beyond the date of termination specified in subsection (f).

(f) Termination.—The program shall terminate on September 30, 2028.

(g) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) COMPETITIVE PROCEDURES.—The term “competitive procedures” has the meaning given such term in section 152 of title 41, United States Code.

(2) INNOVATIVE.—The term “innovative” means any new—

(A) technology, process, or method, including research and development; or

(B) application of an existing technology, process, or method.

(a) Secure communications.—The Commissioner shall ensure that each CBP officer or agent, if appropriate, is equipped with a secure radio or other two-way communication device that allows each such officer or agent to communicate—

(1) between ports of entry and inspection stations; and

(2) with other Federal, State, Tribal, and local law enforcement entities.

(b) Border security deployment program.—

(1) EXPANSION.—Not later than 1 year after the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner shall fully implement the Border Security Deployment Program of CBP and expand the integrated surveillance and intrusion detection system at land ports of entry along the northern and southern borders of the United States.

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated for such purpose, there is authorized to be appropriated $33,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 and 2025 to carry out paragraph (1).

(c) Upgrade of license plate readers at ports of entry.—

(1) UPGRADE.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this section, the Commissioner shall upgrade all existing license plate readers in need of upgrade, as determined by the Commissioner, on the northern and southern borders of the United States.

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated for such purpose, there is authorized to be appropriated $125,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 and 2025 to carry out paragraph (1).

(d) Biometric exit data system.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle B of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025 to carry out section 420 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as added by this subsection.

(3) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 419 the following new item:

“Sec. 420. Biometric exit data system.”.

The Secretary shall fully implement the requirements of the Securing America’s Ports Act (Public Law 116–299; 6 U.S.C. 211 note).

(a) In general.—Subtitle E of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 462 the following new item:

“Sec. 463. Innovation lab.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report that contains an assessment of the standards and guidelines for managing ports of entry under the control of the Department of Homeland Security. Such assessment shall include information relating to the following:

(1) Staffing levels and need for additional staffing.

(2) Rules governing the actions of Office of Field Operations officers.

(3) Average delays for transit through air, land, and sea ports of entry.

(4) Assessment of existing efforts and technologies used for border security, and the effect of the use of such efforts and technologies on facilitating trade at ports of entry and their impact on civil rights, private property rights, privacy rights, and civil liberties.

(5) Economic impact of the policies and practices of CBP Agricultural Specialists and Office of Field Operations personnel.

(6) Physical infrastructure and technological needs at ports of entry.

(7) Data reflecting the specific needs of geographically separate ports of entry within the same U.S. Border Patrol sector.

(b) Report on port runners.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report that contains an assessment of instances of “Port Running”, or departing the United States before officers can conclude traveler inspections, which shall include recommendations for new security enhancements, including traffic barricades, to slow and deter individuals from leaving the United States without authorization.

(a) Border patrol agents.—Not later than September 30, 2025, the Commissioner shall hire, train, and assign agents to maintain an active duty presence of—

(1) not fewer than 22,478 full-time equivalent CBP agents; and

(2) not fewer than 1,200 CBP processing coordinators.

(b) CBP officers.—In addition to positions authorized before the date of the enactment of this section and any existing officer vacancies within CBP as of such date, the Commissioner shall, not later than September 30, 2025, hire, train, and assign to duty sufficient CBP officers to maintain an active duty presence of—

(1) not fewer than 27,725 full-time equivalent officers; and

(2) the required associated full-time support staff distributed among all United States ports of entry.

(c) Air and marine operations.—Not later than September 30, 2025, the Commissioner shall hire, train, and assign agents for Air and Marine Operations of CBP to maintain not fewer than 1,675 full-time equivalent agents.

(d) CBP K–9 units and handlers.—

(1) K–9 UNITS.—Not later than September 30, 2025, the Commissioner shall deploy not fewer than 200 new K–9 units, with supporting officers of CBP and other required staff, at land ports of entry and checkpoints, along the northern and southern borders of the United States.

(2) USE OF CANINES.—The Commissioner shall prioritize the use of K–9 units at the primary inspection lanes at land ports of entry and checkpoints.

(e) CBP tunnel detection and remediation.—Not later than September 30, 2025, the Commissioner shall increase by not fewer than 50 the number of CBP officers assisting task forces and activities related to—

(1) the deployment and operation of border tunnel detection technology;

(2) the apprehension of individuals using such tunnels for—

(A) unlawfully entering the United States;

(B) drug trafficking; or

(C) human smuggling; and

(3) the remediation of such illicit tunnels.

(f) Agricultural specialists.—In addition to the officers and agents authorized under subsections (a) through (e), by September 30, 2025, the Commissioner shall carry out section 4 of the Protecting America’s Food and Agriculture Act of 2019 (Public Law 116–122; 6 U.S.C. 211 note).

(g) U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Intelligence.—Not later than September 30, 2025, the Commissioner shall hire, train, and assign sufficient Office of Intelligence personnel to maintain not fewer than 500 full-time equivalent employees.

(h) GAO report.—If the staffing levels required under this section are not achieved by September 30, 2025, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review of the reasons why such levels were not achieved.

(a) In general.—Chapter 97 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Technical and conforming amendment.—The table of sections for chapter 97 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“9702. U.S. Customs and Border Protection temporary employment authorities.”.

(a) Hiring flexibility.—Section 3 of the Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010 (6 U.S.C. 221; Public Law 111–376) is amended by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following new subsections:

“(b) Waiver authority.—The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection may waive the application of subsection (a)(1)—

“(1) to a current, full-time law enforcement officer employed by a State or local law enforcement agency who—

“(A) has continuously served as a law enforcement officer for not fewer than three years;

“(B) is authorized by law to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of, or the incarceration of any person for, any violation of law, and has statutory powers for arrest or apprehension;

“(C) is not currently under investigation, has not been found to have engaged in criminal activity or serious misconduct, has not resigned from a law enforcement officer position under investigation or in lieu of termination, and has not been dismissed from a law enforcement officer position; and

“(D) has, within the past ten years, successfully completed a polygraph examination as a condition of employment with such officer’s current law enforcement agency;

“(2) to a current, full-time Federal law enforcement officer who—

“(A) has continuously served as a law enforcement officer for not fewer than three years;

“(B) is authorized to make arrests, conduct investigations, conduct searches, make seizures, carry firearms, and serve orders, warrants, and other processes;

“(C) is not currently under investigation, has not been found to have engaged in criminal activity or serious misconduct, has not resigned from a law enforcement officer position under investigation or in lieu of termination, and has not been dismissed from a law enforcement officer position; and

“(D) holds a current Tier 4 background investigation or current Tier 5 background investigation; and

“(3) to a member of the Armed Forces (or a reserve component thereof) or a veteran, if such individual—

“(A) has served in the Armed Forces for not fewer than three years;

“(B) holds, or has held within the past five years, a Secret, Top Secret, or Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information clearance;

“(C) holds, or has undergone within the past five years, a current Tier 4 background investigation or current Tier 5 background investigation;

“(D) received, or is eligible to receive, an honorable discharge from service in the Armed Forces and has not engaged in criminal activity or committed a serious military or civil offense under the Uniform Code of Military Justice; and

“(E) was not granted any waivers to obtain the clearance referred to in subparagraph (B).

“(c) Termination of waiver authority.—The authority to issue a waiver under subsection (b) shall terminate on the date that is four years after the date of the enactment of the Border Security for America Act.”.

(b) Supplemental commissioner authority and definitions.—

(1) SUPPLEMENTAL COMMISSIONER AUTHORITY.—The Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010 is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(2) REPORT.—The Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010, as amended by paragraph (1), is further amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(3) DEFINITIONS.—The Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010, as amended by paragraphs (1) and (2), is further amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(c) Polygraph examiners.—Not later than September 30, 2025, the Secretary shall increase to not fewer than 150 the number of trained full-time equivalent polygraph examiners for administering polygraphs under the Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010, as amended by this section.

(a) In general.—Subsection (l) of section 411 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211) is amended to read as follows:

“(l) Training and continuing education.—

“(1) MANDATORY TRAINING.—The Commissioner shall ensure that every agent and officer of U.S. Customs and Border Protection receives a minimum of 21 weeks of training that are directly related to the mission of the U.S. Border Patrol, Air and Marine, and the Office of Field Operations before the initial assignment of such agents and officers.

“(2) FLETC.—The Commissioner shall work in consultation with the Director of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers to establish guidelines and curriculum for the training of agents and officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection under subsection (a).

“(3) CONTINUING EDUCATION.—The Commissioner shall annually require all agents and officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection who are required to undergo training under subsection (a) to participate in not fewer than eight hours of continuing education annually to maintain and update understanding of Federal legal rulings, court decisions, and Department policies, procedures, and guidelines related to relevant subject matters.

“(4) LEADERSHIP TRAINING.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Commissioner shall develop and require training courses geared towards the development of leadership skills for mid- and senior-level career employees not later than one year after such employees assume duties in supervisory roles.”.

(b) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report identifying the guidelines and curriculum established to carry out subsection (l) of section 411 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as amended by subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Assessment.—Not later than four years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report that assesses the training and education, including continuing education, required under subsection (l) of section 411 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as amended by subsection (a) of this section.

(a) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner, in coordination with the Under Secretary for Management, the Chief Human Capital Officer, and the Chief Financial Officer of the Department, shall implement a workload staffing model for each of the following:

(1) The U.S. Border Patrol.

(2) Air and Marine Operations of CBP.

(b) Responsibilities of the Commissioner of CBP.—Subsection (c) of section 411 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211), is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (18) and (19) as paragraphs (20) and (21), respectively; and

(2) by inserting after paragraph (17) the following new paragraphs:

“(18) implement a staffing model that includes consideration for essential frontline operator activities and functions, variations in operating environments, present and planned infrastructure, present and planned technology, and required operations support levels for the U.S. Border Patrol, Air and Marine Operations, and the Office of Field Operations, to manage and assign personnel of such entities to ensure field and support posts possess adequate resources to carry out duties specified in this section;

“(19) develop standard operating procedures for a workforce tracking system within the U.S. Border Patrol, Air and Marine Operations, and the Office of Field Operations, train the workforce of each of such entities on the use, capabilities, and purpose of such system, and implement internal controls to ensure timely and accurate scheduling and reporting of actual completed work hours and activities;”.

(c) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section with respect to subsection (a) and paragraphs (18) and (19) of section 411(c) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (as amended by subsection (b)), and annually thereafter with respect to such paragraphs (18) and (19), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes a status update on—

(A) the implementation of such subsection (a) and such paragraphs (18) and (19); and

(B) each relevant workload staffing model.

(2) DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY REQUIRED.—Each report required under paragraph (1) shall include information relating to the data sources and methodology used to generate such staffing models.

(d) Inspector General review.—Not later than 120 days after the Commissioner develops the workload staffing models pursuant to subsection (a), the Inspector General of the Department shall review such model and provide feedback to the Secretary and the appropriate congressional committees with respect to the degree to which such model is responsive to the recommendations of the Inspector General, including—

(1) recommendations from the Inspector General’s February 2019 audit; and

(2) any further recommendations to improve such model.

(e) Appropriate congressional committees defined.—In this section, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(1) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and

(2) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.

(a) Processing coordinators.—The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is authorized to hire and train U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinators to operate within the U.S. Border Patrol to—

(1) perform administrative tasks related to the intake and processing of individuals apprehended by U.S. Border Patrol agents, where necessary;

(2) transport individuals in U.S. Border Patrol custody, where necessary; and

(3) perform custodial watch duties of individuals in such custody, including individuals who have been admitted to a hospital.

(b) Clarified authorities.—A U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinator hired under subsection (a) may not arrest or otherwise detain any person as described in section 235, 236, or 287(a), of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1225, 1226, and 1357(a)), and such a Coordinator may not conduct any interview under section 235(b)(1)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)(B)).

(c) Training.—The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, in coordination with the Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol and in consultation with the Director of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, shall develop tailored training for U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinators.

(d) Associated support staff.—The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is authorized to hire appropriate professional support staff to facilitate the hiring, training, and other support functions required by U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinators.

(e) Biannual reports.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and biannually thereafter for the following two years, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report regarding each U.S. Border Patrol sector that includes information relating to the following:

(1) The number of U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinators assigned to each such sector.

(2) The degree to which the responsibilities described in subsection (a) have been transferred from U.S. Border Patrol agents to U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinators.

(3) The percentage of U.S. Border Patrol agents who returned to field operations as a result of U.S. Border Patrol Processing Coordinators undertaking the responsibilities described in subsection (a).

(a) Higher minimum rate of pay.—Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management—

(1) shall, in accordance with section 5305 of title 5, United States Code—

(A) increase the minimum rate of pay for United States Border Patrol agents at the grade GS–12 of the General Schedule by not less than 14 percent; and

(B) increase other grades or levels, occupational groups, series, classes, or subdivisions thereof, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security;

(2) take such actions as may be necessary to harmonize—

(A) pay levels for U.S. Border Patrol agents and CBP officers at each pay scale in a manner so as to ensure greater or the same level of pay; and

(B) such other pay incentives and overtime scales; and

(3) may make increases in all rates in the pay range for each such grade or level, in accordance with such section 5305.

(b) Inapplicability.—The discretion granted to agency heads under section 5305(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to increase in rates of pay authorized under subsection (a).

The Body Worn Camera Pilot Program referred to in H. Rept. 116–458, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2021, shall be authorized for 5 fiscal years after the date of enactment of this Act.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Protecting Sensitive Locations Act”.

(b) Powers of immigration officers and employees at protected areas.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 287 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1357) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(i) (1) Except as otherwise provided, an officer or an agent of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement or the U.S. Customs and Border Protection may not take an immigration enforcement action in or near a protected area.

“(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply—

“(A) whenever prior approval has been obtained; or

“(B) under exigent circumstances (including, but not limited to, an immigration enforcement action that involves a national security threat, the hot pursuit of an individual who poses a public safety threat, or the hot pursuit of an individual who was observed crossing the border; that involves the imminent risk of death, violence, or physical harm to a person or the imminent risk that evidence material to a criminal case will be destroyed; or where a safe alternative location does not exist).

“(3) When taking an immigration enforcement action in or near a protected area, an officer or an agent of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement or U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall, to the fullest extent possible—

“(A) take the immigration enforcement action in a non-public area or in a manner that minimizes the effect on another person who is accessing the protected area;

“(B) limit the time spent in or near the protected area; and

“(C) limit the immigration enforcement action to the person who is the subject of such enforcement action.

“(4) If an immigration enforcement action is taken due to exigent circumstances, the officer of agent shall inform the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (or the Director’s designee) or the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (or the Commissioner’s designee) as the case may be, as soon as practical thereafter.

“(5) (A) At the time the budget of the President is submitted to Congress for a fiscal year under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the immigration enforcement actions in or near a protected area that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection undertook during the preceding fiscal year.

“(B) Each report submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall set forth the following:

“(i) The number of immigration enforcement actions that occurred in or near a protected area.

“(ii) The number of immigration enforcement actions where officers or agents were subsequently led into or near a protected area.

“(iii) The component responsible for each immigration enforcement action that occurred in or near a protected area.

“(iv) A summary of each immigration enforcement action that occurred in or near a protected area, excluding any personally identifiable information linked to an individual.

“(v) The number of individuals, if any, whom U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection arrested or took into custody through each immigration enforcement action that occurred in or near a protected area.

“(vi) The number of instances during an immigration enforcement action in or near a protected area for which prior approval was obtained.

“(6) In this subsection:

“(A) The term ‘appropriate committees of Congress’ means—

“(i) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

“(ii) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

“(iii) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives;

“(iv) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

“(v) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

“(vi) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

“(B) The term ‘immigration enforcement action’ means an arrest, search, service of a subpoena or a notice to appear in immigration court, or other immigration enforcement action.

“(C) The term ‘prior approval’ means—

“(i) in the case of an immigration enforcement action that an officer or an agent of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement will take, prior written approval from the Director (or the Director’s designee); and

“(ii) in the case of an immigration enforcement action that an officer or an agent of U.S. Customs and Border Protection will take, prior written approval from the Commissioner (or the Commissioner’s designee).

“(D) The term ‘protected area’ includes a structure or a place that provides essential services or at which a person would engage in an essential activity, including—

“(i) any school;

“(ii) any medical facility, a mental health facility, or other health care facility;

“(iii) any place of worship or religious study, whether in a structure dedicated to activities of faith or a temporary facility or location where such activities are taking place;

“(iv) any structure or place, the purpose of which is for children to gather;

“(v) any structure or place, the purpose of which is to provide social services;

“(vi) any structure or place, the purpose of which is to provide disaster or emergency assistance or emergency relief;

“(vii) a place where a funeral, graveside ceremony, rosary, wedding, or other religious or civil ceremonies or observances occur; or

“(viii) place where there is an ongoing parade, demonstration, or rally.

“(7) For the purposes of this subsection, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall promulgate guidance, in the exercise of his discretion, on the physical distance that constitutes in or near a protected area.”.

(2) GUIDANCE.—Nothing in this section (or the amendments therein) shall be construed to—

(A) supersede or rescind the Guidance on Enforcement Actions in or Near Protected Areas that the Secretary of Homeland Security published on October 27, 2021;

(B) supersede or rescind any Department of Homeland Security guidance that was in effect on the date of enactment of this Act; or

(C) compel the Secretary of Homeland Security to amend or issue guidance, except that the Secretary may amend guidance to comport with this section.

(a) In general.—Subtitle A of title XX of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Conforming amendment.—Subsection (a) of section 2002 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 603) is amended to read as follows:

“(a) Grants authorized.—The Secretary, through the Administrator, may award grants under sections 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2009A to State, local, and Tribal governments, as appropriate.”.

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 2009 the following new item:

“Sec. 2009A. Operation Stonegarden.”.

Subtitle A of title XX of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(a) GAO report.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until such time as the Comptroller General of the United States makes the certification described in subsection (b), the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs of the Senate a report detailing the progress in implementing this title and title II containing—

(1) recommendations on how best to continue implementing this title and title II; and

(2) the rate of detections and apprehensions of individuals attempting to cross the southern border of the United States unlawfully.

(b) GAO certification of border security.—The Secretary of Homeland Security may not adjust the status of an individual under section 24103 until the date that the Comptroller General of the United States certifies that the Border Patrol has achieved a 90 percent or higher detection and apprehension rate of individuals attempting to cross the southern border of the United States unlawfully during the previous 12-month period.

(a) Additional ports of entry.—

(1) AUTHORITY.—The Administrator of General Services may, subject to section 3307 of title 40, United States Code, construct new ports of entry along the northern border and southern border at locations determined by the Secretary.

(2) CONSULTATION.—

(A) REQUIREMENT TO CONSULT.—The Secretary and the Administrator of General Services shall consult with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Transportation, and appropriate representatives of State and local governments, and Indian tribes, and property owners in the United States prior to determining a location for any new port of entry constructed pursuant to paragraph (1).

(B) CONSIDERATIONS.—The purpose of the consultations required by subparagraph (A) shall be to minimize any negative impacts of constructing a new port of entry on the environment, culture, commerce, and quality of life of the communities and residents located near such new port.

(b) Expansion and modernization of high-Priority southern border ports of entry.—Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of General Services, subject to section 3307 of title 40, United States Code, and in coordination with the Secretary, shall expand or modernize high-priority ports of entry on the southern border, as determined by the Secretary, for the purposes of reducing wait times and enhancing security.

(c) Port of entry prioritization.—Prior to constructing any new ports of entry pursuant to subsection (a), the Administrator of General Services shall complete the expansion and modernization of ports of entry pursuant to subsection (b) to the extent practicable.

(d) Notifications.—

(1) RELATING TO NEW PORTS OF ENTRY.—Not later than 15 days after determining the location of any new port of entry for construction pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary and the Administrator of General Services shall jointly notify the Members of Congress who represent the State or congressional district in which such new port of entry will be located, as well as the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. Such notification shall include information relating to the location of such new port of entry, a description of the need for such new port of entry and associated anticipated benefits, a description of the consultations undertaken by the Secretary and the Administrator pursuant to paragraph (2) of such subsection, any actions that will be taken to minimize negative impacts of such new port of entry, and the anticipated timeline for construction and completion of such new port of entry.

(2) RELATING TO EXPANSION AND MODERNIZATION OF PORTS OF ENTRY.—Not later than 180 days after enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Administrator of General Services shall jointly notify the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives of the ports of entry on the southern border that are the subject of expansion or modernization pursuant to subsection (b) and the Secretary’s and Administrator’s plan for expanding or modernizing each such port of entry.

(e) Savings provision.—Nothing in this section may be construed to—

(1) create or negate any right of action for a State, local government, or other person or entity affected by this section;

(2) delay the transfer of the possession of property to the United States or affect the validity of any property acquisitions by purchase or eminent domain, or to otherwise affect the eminent domain laws of the United States or of any State; or

(3) create any right or liability for any party.

(f) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed as providing the Secretary new authority related to the construction, acquisition, or renovation of real property.

(a) Finding.—Congress finds that personnel constraints exist at land ports of entry with regard to sanitary and phytosanitary inspections for exported goods.

(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that, in the best interest of cross-border trade and the agricultural community—

(1) any lack of certified personnel for inspection purposes at ports of entry should be addressed by seeking cooperation between agencies and departments of the United States, whether in the form of a memorandum of understanding or through a certification process, whereby additional existing agents are authorized for additional hours to facilitate and expedite the flow of legitimate trade and commerce of perishable goods in a manner consistent with rules of the Department of Agriculture; and

(2) cross designation should be available for personnel who will assist more than one agency or department of the United States at land ports of entry to facilitate and expedite the flow of increased legitimate trade and commerce.

In addition to any amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated for such purpose, there is appropriated $2,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028 to carry out this subtitle.

(a) Funding.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available by this Act or any other provision of law, there is hereby appropriated to the “U.S. Customs and Border Protection—Procurement, Construction, and Improvements” account, out of any amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $25,000,000,000, to be available for—

(1) a full border infrastructure system, including enhanced physical barriers and associated detection technology, roads, and lighting; and

(2) infrastructure, assets, operations, and the most up-to-date technology to enhance border security along the United States, including—

(A) border security technology, including surveillance technology, at and between ports of entry;

(B) new roads and improvements to existing roads;

(C) U.S. Border Patrol facilities and ports of entry;

(D) aircraft, aircraft-based sensors and associated technology, vessels, spare parts, and equipment to maintain such assets; and

(E) a biometric entry and exit system.

(b) Availability of border barrier system funds.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amount appropriated in subsection (a)(1)—

(A) $3,041,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2023;

(B) $2,608,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2024;

(C) $1,715,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2025;

(D) $2,140,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2026;

(E) $1,735,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2027;

(F) $1,746,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2028;

(G) $1,776,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2029;

(H) $1,746,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2030; and

(I) $1,718,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2031.

(c) Availability of border security investment funds.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amount appropriated in subsection (a)(2)—

(A) $500,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2023;

(B) $1,850,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2024;

(C) $1,950,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2025;

(D) $1,925,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2026; and

(E) $550,000,000 shall become available October 1, 2027.

(d) Multi-Year spending plan.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall include in the budget justification materials submitted in support of the President’s annual budget request for fiscal year 2025 (as submitted under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code) a multi-year spending plan for the amounts made available under subsection (a).

(e) Quarterly briefing requirement.—Beginning not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and quarterly thereafter, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall brief the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives regarding activities under and progress made in carrying out this section.

The budgetary effects of this Act shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010.

(a) Immigration Infrastructure Fund.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter A of chapter 98 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 98 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“Sec. 9512. Immigration Infrastructure Fund.”.

(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this Act shall apply to amounts received after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Visa security units at high-Risk posts.—Paragraph (1) of section 428(e) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 236(e)) is amended—

(1) by striking “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(A) AUTHORIZATION.—Subject to the minimum number specified in subparagraph (B), the Secretary”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(B) RISK-BASED ASSIGNMENTS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall assign employees of the Department to not fewer than 75 diplomatic and consular posts at which visas are issued. Such assignments shall be made—

“(I) in a risk-based manner;

“(II) considering the criteria described in clause (iii); and

“(III) in accordance with National Security Decision Directive 38 of June 2, 1982, or any superseding presidential directive concerning staffing at diplomatic and consular posts.

“(ii) PRIORITY CONSIDERATION.—In carrying out National Security Decision Directive 38 of June 2, 1982, the Secretary of State shall ensure priority consideration of any staffing assignment pursuant to this subparagraph.

“(iii) CRITERIA DESCRIBED.—The criteria referred to in clause (i) are the following:

“(I) The number of nationals of a country in which any of the diplomatic and consular posts referred to in clause (i) are located who were identified in United States Government databases related to the identities of known or suspected terrorists during the previous year.

“(II) Information on the cooperation of such country with the counterterrorism efforts of the United States.

“(III) Information analyzing the presence, activity, or movement of terrorist organizations (as such term is defined in section 212(a)(3)(B)(vi) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(B)(vi))) within or through such country.

“(IV) The number of formal objections based on derogatory information issued by the Visa Security Advisory Opinion Unit pursuant to paragraph (10) regarding nationals of a country in which any of the diplomatic and consular posts referred to in clause (i) are located.

“(V) The adequacy of the border and immigration control of such country.

“(VI) Any other criteria the Secretary determines appropriate.”.

(b) Counterterror vetting and screening.—Paragraph (2) of section 428(e) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended—

(1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); and

(2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:

“(C) Screen any such applications against the appropriate criminal, national security, and terrorism databases maintained by the Federal Government.”.

(c) Training and hiring.—Subparagraph (A) of section 428(e)(6) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by—

(1) striking “The Secretary shall ensure, to the extent possible, that any employees” and inserting “The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, shall provide training to any employees”; and

(2) striking “shall be provided the necessary training”.

(d) Pre-Adjudicated visa security assistance and Visa Security Advisory Opinion Unit.—Subsection (e) of section 428 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

“(9) REMOTE PRE-ADJUDICATED VISA SECURITY ASSISTANCE.—At the visa-issuing posts at which employees of the Department are not assigned pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, in a risk-based manner, assign employees of the Department to remotely perform the functions required under paragraph (2) at not fewer than 50 of such posts.

“(10) VISA SECURITY ADVISORY OPINION UNIT.—The Secretary shall establish within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement a Visa Security Advisory Opinion Unit to respond to requests from the Secretary of State to conduct a visa security review using information maintained by the Department on visa applicants, including terrorism association, criminal history, counter-proliferation, and other relevant factors, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(e) Deadlines.—The requirements established under paragraphs (1) and (9) of section 428(e) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 236(e)), as amended and added by this section, shall be implemented not later than three years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(f) Funding.—

(1) ADDITIONAL VISA FEE.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, may charge a fee in support of visa security, to be deposited in the Fraud Detection and Nationality Security Directorate account. Fees imposed pursuant to this subsection shall be available only to the extent provided in advance by appropriations Acts.

(B) AMOUNT OF FEE.—The total amount of the additional fee charged pursuant to this subsection shall be equal to an amount sufficient to cover the annual costs of the visa security program established by the Secretary of Homeland Security under section 428(e) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 236(e)), as amended by this section.

(2) USE OF FEES.—Amounts deposited in the Fraud Detection and Nationality Security Directorate account pursuant to paragraph (1) are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Homeland Security for the funding of the visa security program referred to in such paragraph.

(a) In general.—Subtitle B of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.), as amended by this division, is further amended by adding at the end the following new sections:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 420 the following new item:

“Sec. 420A. Electronic passport screening and biometric matching. ”.

Section 2 of Public Law 105–173 (8 U.S.C. 1376) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking “Attorney General” and inserting “Secretary of Homeland Security”; and

(B) by inserting before the period at the end the following: “, and any additional information that the Secretary determines necessary for purposes of the report under subsection (b)”; and

(2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:

“(b) Annual Report.—Not later than September 30, 2025, and not later than September 30 of each year thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a report providing, for the preceding fiscal year, numerical estimates (including information on the methodology utilized to develop such numerical estimates) of—

“(1) for each country, the number of aliens from the country who are described in subsection (a), including—

“(A) the total number of such aliens within all classes of nonimmigrant aliens described in section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)); and

“(B) the number of such aliens within each of the classes of nonimmigrant aliens, as well as the number of such aliens within each of the subclasses of such classes of nonimmigrant aliens, as applicable;

“(2) for each country, the percentage of the total number of aliens from the country who were present in the United States and were admitted to the United States as nonimmigrants who are described in subsection (a);

“(3) the number of aliens described in subsection (a) who arrived by land at a port of entry into the United States;

“(4) the number of aliens described in subsection (a) who entered the United States using a border crossing identification card (as such term is defined in section 101(a)(6) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(6))); and

“(5) the number of Canadian nationals who entered the United States without a visa whose authorized period of stay in the United States terminated during the previous fiscal year, but who remained in the United States.”.

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that the information collected under the program established under section 641 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1372) is available to officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection for the purpose of conducting primary inspections of aliens seeking admission to the United States at each port of entry of the United States.

(a) In general.—Section 222(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1202(f)(2)) is amended—

(1) by striking “issuance or refusal” and inserting “issuance, refusal, or revocation”;

(2) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “and on the basis of reciprocity” and all that follows and inserting the following “may provide to a foreign government information in a Department of State computerized visa database and, when necessary and appropriate, other records covered by this section related to information in such database—”;

(3) in paragraph (2)(A)—

(A) by inserting at the beginning “on the basis of reciprocity,”;

(B) by inserting “(i)” after “for the purpose of”; and

(C) by striking “illicit weapons; or” and inserting “illicit weapons, or (ii) determining a person’s deportability or eligibility for a visa, admission, or other immigration benefit;”;

(4) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(A) by inserting at the beginning “on the basis of reciprocity,”;

(B) by striking “in the database” and inserting “such database”;

(C) by striking “for the purposes” and inserting “for one of the purposes”; and

(D) by striking “or to deny visas to persons who would be inadmissible to the United States.” and inserting “; or”; and

(5) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the following:

“(C) with regard to any or all aliens in the database specified data elements from each record, if the Secretary of State determines that it is in the national interest to provide such information to a foreign government and such information is provided in accordance with the confidentiality requirements under section 208.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Prospective analytics technology.—

(1) PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a plan for the use of advanced analytics software to ensure the proactive detection of fraud in immigration benefits applications and petitions and to ensure that any such applicant or petitioner does not pose a threat to national security.

(2) IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the submission of the plan under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall begin implementation of the plan.

(b) Benefits fraud assessment.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Security, acting through the Fraud Detection and Nationality Security Directorate, shall complete a benefit fraud assessment by fiscal year 2025 on each of the following:

(A) Petitions by VAWA self-petitioners (as such term is defined in section 101(a)(51) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(51))).

(B) Applications or petitions for visas or status under section 101(a)(15)(K) of such Act or under section 201(b)(2) of such Act, in the case of spouses (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(K)).

(C) Applications for visas or status under section 101(a)(27)(J) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(27)(J)).

(D) Applications for visas or status under section 101(a)(15)(U) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(U)).

(E) Petitions for visas or status under section 101(a)(27)(C) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(27)(C)).

(F) Applications for asylum under section 208 of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1158).

(G) Applications for adjustment of status under section 209 of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1159).

(H) Petitions for visas or status under section 201(b) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)).

(2) REPORTING ON FINDINGS.—Not later than 30 days after the completion of each benefit fraud assessment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate such assessment and recommendations on how to reduce the occurrence of instances of fraud identified by the assessment.

Section 212(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking “is the spouse, son, or daughter” and inserting “is or has been the spouse, son, or daughter”; and

(2) in subparagraph (H)(ii), by striking “is the spouse, son, or daughter” and inserting “is or has been the spouse, son, or daughter”.

Section 222(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1202(b)) is amended by inserting “Where considered necessary, by the consular officer or immigration official, to establish family relationships, the immigrant shall provide DNA evidence of such a relationship in accordance with procedures established for submitting such evidence. The Secretary and the Secretary of State may, in consultation, issue regulations to require DNA evidence to establish family relationship, from applicants for certain visa classifications.” after “and a certified copy of all other records or documents concerning him or his case which may be required by the consular officer.”.

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall ensure and certify to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate that CBP is fully compliant with the DNA Fingerprint Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–162; 119 Stat. 3084) at all border facilities that process adults, including as part of a family unit, in the custody of CBP at the border.

This title may be cited as the “Transnational Criminal Organization Prevention and Elimination Act”.

Section 1510 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(f) Any person who knowingly transmits, by any means, to another person the location, movement, or activities of any officer or agent of a Federal, State, local, or tribal law enforcement agency with the intent to further a criminal offense under the immigration laws (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act), the Controlled Substances Act, or the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, or that relates to agriculture or monetary instruments shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”.

(a) Bringing in and harboring of certain aliens.—Section 274(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2), by striking “brings to or attempts to” and inserting the following: “brings to or knowingly attempts or conspires to”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(5) In the case of a person who has brought aliens into the United States in violation of this subsection, the sentence otherwise provided for may be increased by up to 10 years if that person, at the time of the offense, used or carried a firearm or who, in furtherance of any such crime, possessed a firearm.”.

(b) Aiding or assisting certain aliens To enter the United States.—Section 277 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1327) is amended—

(1) by inserting after “knowingly aids or assists” the following: “or attempts to aid or assist”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following: “In the case of a person convicted of an offense under this section, the sentence otherwise provided for may be increased by up to 10 years if that person, at the time of the offense, used or carried a firearm or who, in furtherance of any such crime, possessed a firearm.”.

The Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the heads of appropriate Federal agencies, shall develop a regularly updated intelligence driven analysis that includes—

(1) migrant perceptions of United States law and policy at the border, including human smuggling organization messaging and propaganda;

(2) tactics, techniques, and procedures used by human smuggling organizations to exploit border security vulnerabilities to facilitate such smuggling activities across the border;

(3) the methods and use of technology to organize and encourage irregular migration and undermine border security; and

(4) any other information the Secretary determines appropriate.

(a) Mandatory detention of certain aliens charged with a crime resulting in death or serious bodily injury.—Section 236(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1226(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) in subparagraphs (A) and (B), by striking the comma at the end of each subparagraph and inserting a semicolon;

(B) in subparagraph (C)—

(i) by striking “sentence” and inserting “sentenced”; and

(ii) by striking “, or” and inserting a semicolon;

(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking the comma at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:

“(E) (i) (I) was not inspected and admitted into the United States;

“(II) held a nonimmigrant visa (or other documentation authorizing admission into the United States as a nonimmigrant) that has been revoked under section 221(i); or

“(III) is described in section 237(a)(1)(C)(i); and

“(ii) has been charged by a prosecuting authority in the United States with any crime that resulted in the death or serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365(h)(3) of title 18, United States Code) of another person,”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.—Upon encountering or gaining knowledge of an alien described in paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall make reasonable efforts—

“(A) to obtain information from law enforcement agencies and from other available sources regarding the identity of any victims of the crimes for which such alien was charged or convicted; and

“(B) to provide the victim or, if the victim is deceased, a parent, guardian, spouse, or closest living relative of such victim, with information, on a timely and ongoing basis, including—

“(i) the alien’s full name, aliases, date of birth, and country of nationality;

“(ii) the alien’s immigration status and criminal history;

“(iii) the alien’s custody status and any changes related to the alien’s custody; and

“(iv) a description of any efforts by the United States Government to remove the alien from the United States.”.

(b) Savings provision.—Nothing in this section, or the amendments made by this section, may be construed to limit the rights of crime victims under any other provision of law, including section 3771 of title 18, United States Code.

Section 276 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1326) is amended to read as follows:

(a) Definition of gang member.—Section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (52) the following:

“(53) (A) The term ‘criminal gang’ means an association of 25 or more individuals—

“(i) whose members knowingly, willingly, and collectively identify themselves by adopting a group identity, which they use to create an atmosphere of fear or intimidation, frequently by employing one or more of the following: a common name, slogan, identifying sign, symbol, tattoo or other physical marking, style or color of clothing, hairstyle, hand sign or graffiti;

“(ii) whose purpose in part is to engage in criminal activity and which uses violence or intimidation to further its criminal objectives; and

“(iii) whose members engage in criminal activity or acts of juvenile delinquency that if committed by an adult would be crimes with the intent to enhance or preserve the association's power, reputation or economic resources.

“(B) The association may also possess some of the following characteristics:

“(i) The members may employ rules for joining and operating within the association.

“(ii) The members may meet on a recurring basis.

“(iii) The association may provide physical protection of its members from others.

“(iv) The association may seek to exercise control over a particular geographic location or region, or it may simply defend its perceived interests against rivals.

“(v) The association may have an identifiable structure.

“(C) The offenses described, whether in violation of Federal or State law or foreign law and regardless of whether the offenses occurred before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, are the following:

“(i) A ‘felony drug offense’ (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802)).

“(ii) A felony offense involving firearms or explosives or in violation of section 931 of title 18, United States Code (relating to purchase, ownership, or possession of body armor by violent felons).

“(iii) An offense under section 274 (relating to bringing in and harboring certain aliens), section 277 (relating to aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter the United States), or section 278 (relating to importation of alien for immoral purpose), except that this clause does not apply in the case of an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.

“(iv) A violent crime described in section 101(a)(43)(F).

“(v) A crime involving obstruction of justice, tampering with or retaliating against a witness, victim, or informant, or perjury or subornation of perjury.

“(vi) Any conduct punishable under sections 1028A and 1029 of title 18, United States Code (relating to aggravated identity theft or fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents or access devices), sections 1581 through 1594 of such title (relating to peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons), section 1951 of such title (relating to interference with commerce by threats or violence), section 1952 of such title (relating to interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises), section 1956 of such title (relating to the laundering of monetary instruments), section 1957 of such title (relating to engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity), or sections 2312 through 2315 of such title (relating to interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicles or stolen property).

“(vii) An attempt or conspiracy to commit an offense described in this paragraph or aiding, abetting, counseling, procuring, commanding, inducing, facilitating, or soliciting the commission of an offense described in clauses (i) through (vi).”.

(b) Inadmissibility.—Section 212(a)(2) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A)(i)—

(A) in subclause (I), by striking “or” at the end; and

(B) by inserting after subclause (II) the following:

“(III) a violation of (or a conspiracy or attempt to violate) any law or regulation of a State, the United States, or a foreign country relating to participation or membership in a criminal gang, or

“(IV) any felony or misdemeanor offense for which the alien received a sentencing enhancement predicated on knowing gang membership or conduct that promoted, furthered, aided, or supported the illegal activity of the criminal gang, except in the case of any such alien who was a minor under the age of 16 at the time of the offense, who was forced, threatened, or coerced into association with the criminal gang, who was unknowingly associated with the gang, or who acted under duress.”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(N) ALIENS ASSOCIATED WITH CRIMINAL GANGS.—

“(i) ALIENS NOT PHYSICALLY PRESENT IN THE UNITED STATES.—In the case of an alien who is not physically present in the United States:

“(I) That alien is inadmissible if a consular officer, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Attorney General knows or has reasonable grounds to believe—

“(aa) to be or to have been a member of a criminal gang (as defined in section 101(a)(53)); or

“(bb) to have participated in the activities of a criminal gang (as defined in section 101(a)(53)), knowing or having reason to know that such activities will promote, further, aid, or support the illegal activity of the criminal gang.

“(II) That alien is inadmissible if a consular officer, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Attorney General has reasonable grounds to believe the alien has participated in, been a member of, promoted, or conspired with a criminal gang, either inside or outside of the United States.

“(III) That alien is inadmissible if a consular officer, an immigration officer, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Attorney General has reasonable grounds to believe seeks to enter the United States or has entered the United States in furtherance of the activities of a criminal gang, either inside or outside of the United States.

“(ii) ALIENS PHYSICALLY PRESENT IN THE UNITED STATES.—In the case of an alien who is physically present in the United States, that alien is inadmissible if the alien—

“(I) is a member of a criminal gang (as defined in section 101(a)(53)); or

“(II) has participated in the activities of a criminal gang (as defined in section 101(a)(53)), knowing or having reason to know that such activities will promote, further, aid, or support the illegal activity of the criminal gang.

“(iii) EXCEPTIONS.—Clauses (i) and (ii) do not apply to a spouse or child of an alien—

“(I) who did not know or should not reasonably have known of the activity causing the alien to be found inadmissible under this section;

“(II) whom the consular officer or Attorney General has reasonable grounds to believe has renounced the activity causing the alien to be found inadmissible under this section; or

“(III) whom the consular officer or Attorney General has reasonable grounds to believe did not willingly participate in the activity of the associated gang, was under the direct control of a member, or did so under duress.”.

(c) Deportability.—Section 237(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(H) ALIENS ASSOCIATED WITH CRIMINAL GANGS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Any alien is deportable who—

“(I) is or has been a member of a criminal gang (as defined in section 101(a)(53));

“(II) has participated in the activities of a criminal gang (as so defined), knowing or having reason to know that such activities will promote, further, aid, or support the illegal activity of the criminal gang;

“(III) has been convicted of a violation of (or a conspiracy or attempt to violate) any law or regulation of a State, the United States, or a foreign country relating to participation or membership in a criminal gang; or

“(IV) any felony or misdemeanor offense for which the alien received a sentencing enhancement predicated on gang membership or conduct that promoted, furthered, aided, or supported the illegal activity of the criminal gang.

“(ii) EXCEPTION.—Clause (i) does not apply to a spouse or child of an alien—

“(I) who did not know or should not reasonably have known of the activity causing the alien to be found inadmissible under this section;

“(II) whom the consular officer or Attorney General has reasonable grounds to believe has renounced the activity causing the alien to be found inadmissible under this section; or

“(III) whom the consular officer or Attorney General has reasonable grounds to believe did not willingly participate in the activity of the associated gang, was under the direct control of a member, or did so under duress.”.

(d) Designation.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 2 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182) is amended by inserting after section 219 the following:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 219 the following:

“Sec. 220. Designation of criminal gang.”.

(e) Mandatory detention of criminal gang members.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 236(c)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1226(c)(1)), as amended by this division, is further amended—

(A) in subparagraph (E), by striking “or” at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (F), by inserting “or” at the end; and

(C) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the following:

“(G) is inadmissible under section 212(a)(2)(N) or deportable under section 237(a)(2)(H),”.

(2) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than March 1 of each year (beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act), the Secretary of Homeland Security, after consultation with the appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate on the number of aliens detained under the amendments made by paragraph (1).

Section 1591(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “15” and inserting “25”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “10 years” and inserting “25 years”.

(a) Designation.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized to designate an organization as a foreign Special Transnational Criminal Organization in accordance with this subsection if the Secretary finds that—

(A) the organization is a foreign organization;

(B) the organization is a self-perpetuating association of individuals who operate transnationally for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary, or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption or violence or through a transnational organization structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms; and

(C) the organization threatens the security of United States nationals or the national security of the United States.

(2) PROCEDURE.—

(A) NOTICE.—

(i) TO CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS.—Seven days before making a designation under this subsection, the Secretary shall, by classified communication, notify the Speaker and minority leader of the House of Representatives, the President pro tempore, majority leader, and minority leader of the Senate, and the members of the relevant committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in writing, of the intent to designate an organization under this subsection, together with the findings made under paragraph (1) with respect to that organization, and the factual basis therefor.

(ii) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—The Secretary shall publish the designation in the Federal Register seven days after providing the notification under clause (i).

(B) EFFECT OF DESIGNATION.—An organization designated as a foreign Special Transnational Criminal Organization shall undergo a full review by the Department of Treasury of authorities granted by the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (21 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.).

(C) FREEZING OF ASSETS.—Upon notification under paragraph (2)(A)(i), the Secretary of the Treasury may require United States financial institutions possessing or controlling any assets of any foreign organization included in the notification to block all financial transactions involving those assets until further directive from either the Secretary of the Treasury, Act of Congress, or order of court.

(3) RECORD.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In making a designation under this subsection, the Secretary shall create an administrative record.

(B) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.—The Secretary may consider classified information in making a designation under this subsection. Classified information shall not be subject to disclosure for such time as it remains classified, except that such information may be disclosed to a court ex parte and in camera for purposes of judicial review under subsection (c).

(4) PERIOD OF DESIGNATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—A designation under this subsection shall be effective until revoked under paragraph (5) or (6) or set aside pursuant to subsection (c).

(B) REVIEW OF DESIGNATION UPON PETITION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall review the designation of a foreign Special Transnational Criminal Organization under the procedures set forth in clauses (iii) and (iv) if the designated organization files a petition for revocation within the petition period described in clause (ii).

(ii) PETITION PERIOD.—For purposes of clause (i)—

(I) if the designated organization has not previously filed a petition for revocation under this subparagraph, the petition period begins 2 years after the date on which the designation was made; or

(II) if the designated organization has previously filed a petition for revocation under this subparagraph, the petition period begins 2 years after the date of the determination made under clause (iv) on that petition.

(iii) PROCEDURES.—Any foreign Special Transnational Criminal Organization that submits a petition for revocation under this subparagraph must provide evidence in that petition that the relevant circumstances described in paragraph (1) are sufficiently different from the circumstances that were the basis for the designation such that a revocation with respect to the organization is warranted.

(iv) DETERMINATION.—

(I) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after receiving a petition for revocation submitted under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall make a determination as to such revocation.

(II) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.—The Secretary may consider classified information in making a determination in response to a petition for revocation. Classified information shall not be subject to disclosure for such time as it remains classified, except that such information may be disclosed to a court ex parte and in camera for purposes of judicial review under subsection (c).

(III) PUBLICATION OF DETERMINATION.—A determination made by the Secretary under this clause shall be published in the Federal Register.

(IV) PROCEDURES.—Any revocation by the Secretary shall be made in accordance with paragraph (6).

(C) OTHER REVIEW OF DESIGNATION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary determines that a 5-year period has elasped since the designation without a review having taken place under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall review the designation of the foreign Special Transnational Criminal Organization in order to determine whether such designation should be revoked pursuant to paragraph (6).

(ii) PROCEDURES.—If a review does not take place pursuant to subparagraph (B) in response to a petition for revocation that is filed in accordance with that subparagraph, then the review shall be conducted pursuant to procedures established by the Secretary. The results of such review and the applicable procedures shall not be reviewable in any court.

(iii) PUBLICATION OF RESULTS OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall publish any determination made pursuant to this subparagraph in the Federal Register.

(5) REVOCATION BY ACT OF CONGRESS.—The Congress, by an Act of Congress, may block or revoke a designation made under paragraph (1).

(6) REVOCATION BASED ON CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may revoke a designation made under paragraph (1) at any time, and shall revoke a designation upon completion of a review conducted pursuant to subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (4) if the Secretary finds that—

(i) the circumstances that were the basis for the designation have changed in such a manner as to warrant revocation; or

(ii) the national security of the United States warrants a revocation.

(B) PROCEDURE.—The procedural requirements of paragraphs (2) and (3) shall apply to a revocation under this paragraph. Any revocation shall take effect on the date specified in the revocation or upon publication in the Federal Register if no effective date is specified.

(7) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—The revocation of a designation under paragraph (5) or (6) shall not affect any action or proceeding based on conduct occurring prior to the effective date of such revocation.

(8) USE OF DESIGNATION IN TRIAL OR HEARING.—If a designation under this subsection has become effective under paragraph (2)(B) a defendant in a criminal action or an alien in a removal proceeding shall not be permitted to raise any question concerning the validity of the issuance of such designation as a defense or an objection at any trial or hearing.

(b) Amendments to a designation.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may amend a designation under this subsection if the Secretary finds that the organization has changed its name, adopted a new alias, dissolved and then reconstituted itself under a different name or names, or merged with another organization.

(2) PROCEDURE.—Amendments made to a designation in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be effective upon publication in the Federal Register. Subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (a)(2) shall apply to an amended designation upon such publication. Paragraphs (2)(A)(i), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8) of subsection (a) shall also apply to an amended designation.

(3) ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD.—The administrative record shall be corrected to include the amendments as well as any additional relevant information that supports those amendments.

(4) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.—The Secretary may consider classified information in amending a designation in accordance with this subsection. Classified information shall not be subject to disclosure for such time as it remains classified, except that such information may be disclosed to a court ex parte and in camera for purposes of judicial review under subsection (c).

(c) Judicial review of designation.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register of a designation, an amended designation, or a determination in response to a petition for revocation, the designated organization may seek judicial review in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

(2) BASIS OF REVIEW.—Review under this subsection shall be based solely upon the administrative record, except that the Government may submit, for ex parte and in camera review, classified information used in making the designation, amended designation, or determination in response to a petition for revocation.

(3) SCOPE OF REVIEW.—The Court shall hold unlawful and set aside a designation, amended designation, or determination in response to a petition for revocation the court finds to be—

(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;

(B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity;

(C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitation, or short of statutory right;

(D) lacking substantial support in the administrative record taken as a whole or in classified information submitted to the court under paragraph (2); or

(E) not in accord with the procedures required by law.

(4) JUDICIAL REVIEW INVOKED.—The pendency of an action for judicial review of a designation, amended designation, or determination in response to a petition for revocation shall not affect the application of this section, unless the court issues a final order setting aside the designation, amended designation, or determination in response to a petition for revocation.

(d) Definitions.—As used in this section—

(1) the term “classified information” has the meaning given that term in section 1(a) of the Classified Information Procedures Act (18 U.S.C. App.);

(2) the term “national security” means the national defense, foreign relations, or economic interests of the United States;

(3) the term “foreign organization” includes a group of persons or an organization whose leadership is primarily based in a country outside of the United States;

(4) the term “relevant committees” means the Committees on the Judiciary, Intelligence, and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on the Judiciary, Intelligence, and International Relations of the House of Representatives; and

(5) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General.

(e) Designation.—The Secretary shall designate the following organizations, and any similarly situated Mexican drug cartel the Secretary deems appropriate, as Special Transnational Criminal Organizations:

(1) Sinaloa Cartel.

(2) Jalisco New Generation Cartel.

(3) Beltran-Leyva Organization.

(4) Cartel del Noreste and Los Zetas.

(5) Guerreros Unidos.

(6) Gulf Cartel.

(7) Juarez Cartel and La Linea.

(8) La Familia Michoacana.

(9) Los Rojos.

(10) Tijuana Cartel.

(11) Las Moicas.

(12) Los Caballeros Templarios.

This title may be cited as the “Legal Workforce Act”.

(a) In general.—Section 274A(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(b)) is amended to read as follows:

“(b) Employment eligibility verification process.—

“(1) NEW HIRES, RECRUITMENT, AND REFERRAL.—The requirements referred to in paragraphs (1)(B) and (3) of subsection (a) are, in the case of a person or other entity hiring, recruiting, or referring an individual for employment in the United States, the following:

“(A) ATTESTATION AFTER EXAMINATION OF DOCUMENTATION.—

“(i) ATTESTATION.—During the verification period (as defined in subparagraph (E)), the person or entity shall attest, under penalty of perjury and on a form, including electronic and telephonic formats, designated or established by the Secretary by regulation not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, that it has verified that the individual is not an unauthorized alien by—

“(I) obtaining from the individual the individual’s social security account number or United States passport number and recording the number on the form (if the individual claims to have been issued such a number), and, if the individual does not attest to United States nationality under subparagraph (B), obtaining such identification or authorization number established by the Department of Homeland Security for the alien as the Secretary of Homeland Security may specify, and recording such number on the form; and

“(II) examining—

“(aa) a document relating to the individual presenting it described in clause (ii); or

“(bb) a document relating to the individual presenting it described in clause (iii) and a document relating to the individual presenting it described in clause (iv).

“(ii) DOCUMENTS EVIDENCING EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION AND ESTABLISHING IDENTITY.—A document described in this subparagraph is an individual’s—

“(I) unexpired United States passport or passport card;

“(II) unexpired permanent resident card that contains a photograph;

“(III) unexpired employment authorization card that contains a photograph;

“(IV) in the case of a nonimmigrant alien authorized to work for a specific employer incident to status, a foreign passport with Form I–94 or Form I–94A, or other documentation as designated by the Secretary specifying the alien’s nonimmigrant status as long as the period of status has not yet expired and the proposed employment is not in conflict with any restrictions or limitations identified in the documentation;

“(V) passport from the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) or the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) with Form I–94 or Form I–94A, or other documentation as designated by the Secretary, indicating nonimmigrant admission under the Compact of Free Association Between the United States and the FSM or RMI; or

“(VI) other document designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security, if the document—

“(aa) contains a photograph of the individual and biometric identification data from the individual and such other personal identifying information relating to the individual as the Secretary of Homeland Security finds, by regulation, sufficient for purposes of this clause;

“(bb) is evidence of authorization of employment in the United States; and

“(cc) contains security features to make it resistant to tampering, counterfeiting, and fraudulent use.

“(iii) DOCUMENTS EVIDENCING EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.—A document described in this subparagraph is an individual's social security account number card (other than such a card which specifies on the face that the issuance of the card does not authorize employment in the United States).

“(iv) DOCUMENTS ESTABLISHING IDENTITY OF INDIVIDUAL.—A document described in this subparagraph is—

“(I) an individual's unexpired State issued driver’s license or identification card if it contains a photograph and information such as name, date of birth, gender, height, eye color, and address;

“(II) an individual's unexpired U.S. military identification card;

“(III) an individual's unexpired Native American tribal identification document issued by a tribal entity recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs; or

“(IV) in the case of an individual under 18 years of age, a parent or legal guardian’s attestation under penalty of law as to the identity and age of the individual.

“(v) AUTHORITY TO PROHIBIT USE OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS.—If the Secretary of Homeland Security finds, by regulation, that any document described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) as establishing employment authorization or identity does not reliably establish such authorization or identity or is being used fraudulently to an unacceptable degree, the Secretary may prohibit or place conditions on its use for purposes of this paragraph.

“(vi) SIGNATURE.—Such attestation may be manifested by either a handwritten or electronic signature.

“(B) INDIVIDUAL ATTESTATION OF EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.—During the ver­i­fi­ca­tion period (as defined in subparagraph (E)), the individual shall attest, under penalty of perjury on the form designated or established for purposes of subparagraph (A), that the individual is a citizen or national of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or an alien who is authorized under this Act or by the Secretary of Homeland Security to be hired, recruited, or referred for such employment. Such attestation may be manifested by either a handwritten or electronic signature. The individual shall also provide that individual’s social security account number or United States passport number (if the individual claims to have been issued such a number), and, if the individual does not attest to United States nationality under this subparagraph, such identification or authorization number established by the Department of Homeland Security for the alien as the Secretary may specify.

“(C) RETENTION OF VERIFICATION FORM AND VERIFICATION.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—After completion of such form in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (B), the person or entity shall—

“(I) retain a paper, microfiche, microfilm, or electronic version of the form and make it available for inspection by officers of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Labor during a period beginning on the date of the recruiting or referral of the individual, or, in the case of the hiring of an individual, the date on which the verification is completed, and ending—

“(aa) in the case of the recruiting or referral of an individual, 3 years after the date of the recruiting or referral; and

“(bb) in the case of the hiring of an individual, the later of 3 years after the date the ver­i­fi­ca­tion is completed or one year after the date the individual’s employment is terminated; and

“(II) during the verification period (as defined in subparagraph (E)), make an inquiry, as provided in subsection (d), using the verification system to seek verification of the identity and employment eligibility of an individual.

“(ii) CONFIRMATION.—

“(I) CONFIRMATION RECEIVED.—If the person or other entity receives an appropriate confirmation of an individual’s identity and work eligibility under the verification system within the time period specified, the person or entity shall record on the form an appropriate code that is provided under the system and that indicates a final confirmation of such identity and work eligibility of the individual.

“(II) TENTATIVE NONCONFIRMATION RECEIVED.—If the person or other entity receives a tentative nonconfirmation of an individual’s identity or work eligibility under the verification system within the time period specified, the person or entity shall so inform the individual for whom the verification is sought. If the individual does not contest the nonconfirmation within the time period specified, the nonconfirmation shall be considered final. The person or entity shall then record on the form an appropriate code which has been provided under the system to indicate a final nonconfirmation. If the individual does contest the nonconfirmation, the individual shall utilize the process for secondary verification provided under subsection (d). The nonconfirmation will remain tentative until a final confirmation or nonconfirmation is provided by the ver­i­fi­ca­tion system within the time period specified. In no case shall an employer terminate employment of an individual because of a failure of the individual to have identity and work eligibility confirmed under this section until a nonconfirmation becomes final. Nothing in this clause shall apply to a termination of employment for any reason other than because of such a failure. In no case shall an employer rescind the offer of employment to an individual because of a failure of the individual to have identity and work eligibility confirmed under this subsection until a nonconfirmation becomes final. Nothing in this subclause shall apply to a recission of the offer of employment for any reason other than because of such a failure.

“(III) FINAL CONFIRMATION OR NONCONFIRMATION RECEIVED.—If a final confirmation or nonconfirmation is provided by the verification system regarding an individual, the person or entity shall record on the form an appropriate code that is provided under the system and that indicates a confirmation or nonconfirmation of identity and work eligibility of the individual.

“(IV) EXTENSION OF TIME.—If the person or other entity in good faith attempts to make an inquiry during the time period specified and the verification system has registered that not all inquiries were received during such time, the person or entity may make an inquiry in the first subsequent working day in which the verification system registers that it has received all inquiries. If the verification system cannot receive inquiries at all times during a day, the person or entity merely has to assert that the entity attempted to make the inquiry on that day for the previous sentence to apply to such an inquiry, and does not have to provide any additional proof concerning such inquiry.

“(V) CONSEQUENCES OF NONCONFIRMATION.—

“(aa) TERMINATION OR NOTIFICATION OF CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT.—If the person or other entity has received a final nonconfirmation regarding an individual, the person or entity may terminate employment of the individual (or decline to recruit or refer the individual). If the person or entity does not terminate employment of the individual or proceeds to recruit or refer the individual, the person or entity shall notify the Secretary of Homeland Security of such fact through the verification system or in such other manner as the Secretary may specify.

“(bb) FAILURE TO NOTIFY.—If the person or entity fails to provide notice with respect to an individual as required under item (aa), the failure is deemed to constitute a violation of subsection (a)(1)(A) with respect to that individual.

“(VI) CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT AFTER FINAL NONCONFIRMATION.—If the person or other entity continues to employ (or to recruit or refer) an individual after receiving final nonconfirmation, a rebuttable presumption is created that the person or entity has violated subsection (a)(1)(A).

“(D) EFFECTIVE DATES OF NEW PROCEDURES.—

“(i) HIRING.—Except as provided in clause (iii), the provisions of this paragraph shall apply to a person or other entity hiring an individual for employment in the United States as follows:

“(I) With respect to employers having 10,000 or more employees in the United States on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, on the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(II) With respect to employers having 500 or more employees in the United States, but less than 10,000 employees in the United States, on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, on the date that is 12 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(III) With respect to employers having 20 or more employees in the United States, but less than 500 employees in the United States, on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, on the date that is 18 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(IV) With respect to employers having one or more employees in the United States, but less than 20 employees in the United States, on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, on the date that is 24 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(ii) RECRUITING AND REFERRING.—Except as provided in clause (iii), the provisions of this paragraph shall apply to a person or other entity recruiting or referring an individual for employment in the United States on the date that is 12 months after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act.

“(iii) AGRICULTURAL LABOR OR SERVICES.—With respect to an employee performing agricultural labor or services, this paragraph shall not apply with respect to the verification of the employee until the date that is 30 months after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘agricultural labor or services’ has the meaning given such term by the Secretary of Agriculture in regulations and includes agricultural labor as defined in section 3121(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, agriculture as defined in section 3(f) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203(f)), the handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, or grading prior to delivery for storage of any agricultural or horticultural commodity in its unmanufactured state, all activities required for the preparation, processing or manufacturing of a product of agriculture (as such term is defined in such section 3(f)) for further distribution, and activities similar to all the foregoing as they relate to fish or shellfish facilities. An employee described in this clause shall not be counted for purposes of clause (i).

“(iv) EXTENSIONS.—Upon request by an employer having 50 or fewer employees, the Secretary shall allow a one-time 6-month extension of the effective date set out in this subparagraph applicable to such employer. Such request shall be made to the Secretary and shall be made prior to such effective date.

“(v) TRANSITION RULE.—Subject to paragraph (4), the following shall apply to a person or other entity hiring, recruiting, or referring an individual for employment in the United States until the effective date or dates applicable under clauses (i) through (iii):

“(I) This subsection, as in effect before the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act.

“(II) Subtitle A of title IV of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note), as in effect before the effective date in section 6107(c) of the Legal Workforce Act.

“(III) Any other provision of Federal law requiring the person or entity to participate in the E-Verify Program described in section 403(a) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note), as in effect before the effective date in section 6107(c) of the Legal Workforce Act, including Executive Order 13465 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note; relating to Government procurement).

“(E) VERIFICATION PERIOD DEFINED.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this paragraph:

“(I) In the case of recruitment or referral, the term ‘verification period’ means the period ending on the date recruiting or referring commences.

“(II) In the case of hiring, the term ‘verification period’ means the period beginning on the date on which an offer of employment is extended and ending on the date that is three business days after the date of hire, except as provided in clause (iii). The offer of employment may be conditioned in accordance with clause (ii).

“(ii) JOB OFFER MAY BE CONDITIONAL.—A person or other entity may offer a prospective employee an employment position that is conditioned on final verification of the identity and employment eligibility of the employee using the procedures established under this paragraph.

“(iii) SPECIAL RULE.—Not­with­stand­ing clause (i)(II), in the case of an alien who is authorized for employment and who provides evidence from the Social Security Administration that the alien has applied for a social security account number, the verification period ends three business days after the alien receives the social security account number.

“(2) REVERIFICATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH LIMITED WORK AUTHORIZATION.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a person or entity shall make an inquiry, as provided in subsection (d), using the verification system to seek re­ver­i­fi­ca­tion of the identity and employment eligibility of all individuals with a limited period of work authorization employed by the person or entity during the three business days after the date on which the employee's work authorization expires as follows:

“(i) With respect to employers having 10,000 or more employees in the United States on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, beginning on the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(ii) With respect to employers having 500 or more employees in the United States, but less than 10,000 employees in the United States, on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, beginning on the date that is 12 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(iii) With respect to employers having 20 or more employees in the United States, but less than 500 employees in the United States, on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, beginning on the date that is 18 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(iv) With respect to employers having one or more employees in the United States, but less than 20 employees in the United States, on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, beginning on the date that is 24 months after the date of the enactment of such Act.

“(B) AGRICULTURAL LABOR OR SERVICES.—With respect to an employee performing agricultural labor or services, or an employee recruited or referred by a farm labor contractor (as defined in section 3 of the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (29 U.S.C. 1801)), subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to the reverification of the employee until the date that is 30 months after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘agricultural labor or services’ has the meaning given such term by the Secretary of Agriculture in regulations and includes agricultural labor as defined in section 3121(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, agriculture as defined in section 3(f) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203(f)), the handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, or grading prior to delivery for storage of any agricultural or horticultural commodity in its unmanufactured state, all activities required for the preparation, processing, or manufacturing of a product of agriculture (as such term is defined in such section 3(f)) for further distribution, and activities similar to all the foregoing as they relate to fish or shellfish facilities. An employee described in this subparagraph shall not be counted for purposes of subparagraph (A).

“(C) REVERIFICATION.—Paragraph (1)(C)(ii) shall apply to reverifications pursuant to this paragraph on the same basis as it applies to verifications pursuant to paragraph (1), except that employers shall—

“(i) use a form designated or established by the Secretary by regulation for purposes of this paragraph; and

“(ii) retain a paper, microfiche, microfilm, or electronic version of the form and make it available for inspection by officers of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Labor during the period beginning on the date the reverification commences and ending on the date that is the later of 3 years after the date of such reverification or 1 year after the date the individual’s employment is terminated.

“(3) PREVIOUSLY HIRED INDIVIDUALS.—

“(A) ON A MANDATORY BASIS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, an employer shall make an inquiry, as provided in subsection (d), using the verification system to seek verification of the identity and employment eligibility of any individual described in clause (ii) employed by the employer whose employment eligibility has not been verified under the E-Verify Program described in section 403(a) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note).

“(ii) INDIVIDUALS DESCRIBED.—An individual described in this clause is any of the following:

“(I) An employee of any unit of a Federal, State, or local government.

“(II) An employee who requires a Federal security clearance working in a Federal, State, or local government building, a military base, a nuclear energy site, a weapons site, or an airport or other facility that requires workers to carry a Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC).

“(III) An employee assigned to perform work in the United States under a Federal contract, except that this subclause—

“(aa) is not applicable to individuals who have a clearance under Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD 12 clearance), are administrative or overhead personnel, or are working solely on contracts that provide Commercial Off The Shelf goods or services as set forth by the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council, unless they are subject to verification under subclause (II); and

“(bb) only applies to contracts over the simple acquisition threshold as defined in section 2.101 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations.

“(B) ON A MANDATORY BASIS FOR MULTIPLE USERS OF SAME SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNT NUMBER.—In the case of an employer who is required by this subsection to use the verification system described in subsection (d), or has elected voluntarily to use such system, the employer shall make inquiries to the system in accordance with the following:

“(i) The Commissioner of Social Security shall notify annually employees (at the employee address listed on the Wage and Tax Statement) who submit a social security account number to which more than one employer reports income and for which there is a pattern of unusual multiple use. The notification letter shall identify the number of employers to which income is being reported as well as sufficient information notifying the employee of the process to contact the Social Security Administration Fraud Hotline if the employee believes the employee’s identity may have been stolen. The notice shall not share information protected as private, in order to avoid any recipient of the notice from being in the position to further commit or begin committing identity theft.

“(ii) If the person to whom the social security account number was issued by the Social Security Administration has been identified and confirmed by the Commissioner, and indicates that the social security account number was used without their knowledge, the Secretary and the Commissioner shall lock the social security account number for employment eligibility verification purposes and shall notify the employers of the individuals who wrongfully submitted the social security account number that the employee may not be work eligible.

“(iii) Each employer receiving such notification of an incorrect social security account number under clause (ii) shall use the verification system described in subsection (d) to check the work eligibility status of the applicable employee within 10 business days of receipt of the notification.

“(C) ON A VOLUNTARY BASIS.—Subject to paragraph (2), and subparagraphs (A) through (C) of this paragraph, beginning on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, an employer may make an inquiry, as provided in subsection (d), using the verification system to seek verification of the identity and employment eligibility of any individual employed by the employer. If an employer chooses voluntarily to seek verification of any individual employed by the employer, the employer shall seek verification of all individuals employed at the same geographic location or, at the option of the employer, all individuals employed within the same job category, as the employee with respect to whom the employer seeks voluntarily to use the verification system. An employer’s decision about whether or not voluntarily to seek verification of its current workforce under this subparagraph may not be considered by any government agency in any proceeding, investigation, or review provided for in this Act.

“(D) VERIFICATION.—Paragraph (1)(C)(ii) shall apply to verifications pursuant to this paragraph on the same basis as it applies to verifications pursuant to paragraph (1), except that employers shall—

“(i) use a form designated or established by the Secretary by regulation for purposes of this paragraph; and

“(ii) retain a paper, microfiche, microfilm, or electronic version of the form and make it available for inspection by officers of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Labor during the period beginning on the date the verification commences and ending on the date that is the later of 3 years after the date of such verification or 1 year after the date the individual’s employment is terminated.

“(4) EARLY COMPLIANCE.—

“(A) FORMER E-VERIFY REQUIRED USERS, INCLUDING FEDERAL CONTRACTORS.—Notwithstanding the deadlines in paragraphs (1) and (2), beginning on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, the Secretary is authorized to commence requiring employers required to participate in the E-Verify Program described in section 403(a) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note), including employers required to participate in such program by reason of Federal acquisition laws (and regulations promulgated under those laws, including the Federal Acquisition Regulation), to commence compliance with the requirements of this subsection (and any additional requirements of such Federal acquisition laws and regulation) in lieu of any requirement to participate in the E-Verify Program.

“(B) FORMER E-VERIFY VOLUNTARY USERS AND OTHERS DESIRING EARLY COMPLIANCE.—Notwithstanding the deadlines in paragraphs (1) and (2), beginning on the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, the Secretary shall provide for the voluntary compliance with the requirements of this subsection by employers voluntarily electing to participate in the E-Verify Program described in section 403(a) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note) before such date, as well as by other employers seeking voluntary early compliance.

“(5) COPYING OF DOCUMENTATION PERMITTED.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the person or entity may copy a document presented by an individual pursuant to this subsection and may retain the copy, but only (except as otherwise permitted under law) for the purpose of complying with the requirements of this subsection.

“(6) LIMITATION ON USE OF FORMS.—A form designated or established by the Secretary of Homeland Security under this subsection and any information contained in or appended to such form, may not be used for purposes other than for enforcement of this Act and any other provision of Federal criminal law.

“(7) GOOD FAITH COMPLIANCE.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a person or entity is considered to have complied with a requirement of this subsection notwithstanding a technical or procedural failure to meet such requirement if there was a good faith attempt to comply with the requirement.

“(B) EXCEPTION IF FAILURE TO CORRECT AFTER NOTICE.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if—

“(i) the failure is not de minimis;

“(ii) the Secretary of Homeland Security has explained to the person or entity the basis for the failure and why it is not de minimis;

“(iii) the person or entity has been provided a period of not less than 30 calendar days (beginning after the date of the explanation) within which to correct the failure; and

“(iv) the person or entity has not corrected the failure voluntarily within such period.

“(C) EXCEPTION FOR PATTERN OR PRACTICE VIOLATORS.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a person or entity that has or is engaging in a pattern or practice of violations of subsection (a)(1)(A) or (a)(2).

“(8) SINGLE EXTENSION OF DEADLINES UPON CERTIFICATION.—In a case in which the Secretary of Homeland Security has certified to the Congress that the employment eligibility verification system required under subsection (d) will not be fully operational by the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Legal Workforce Act, each deadline established under this section for an employer to make an inquiry using such system shall be extended by 6 months. No other extension of such a deadline shall be made except as authorized under paragraph (1)(D)(iv).”.

(b) Date of hire.—Section 274A(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(h)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(4) DEFINITION OF DATE OF HIRE.—As used in this section, the term ‘date of hire’ means the date of actual commencement of employment for wages or other remuneration, unless otherwise specified.”.

Section 274A(d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(d)) is amended to read as follows:

“(d) Employment eligibility verification system.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Patterned on the employment eligibility confirmation system established under section 404 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1324a note), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish and administer a verification system through which the Secretary (or a designee of the Secretary, which may be a nongovernmental entity)—

“(A) responds to inquiries made by persons at any time through a toll-free telephone line and other toll-free electronic media concerning an individual’s identity and whether the individual is authorized to be employed; and

“(B) maintains records of the inquiries that were made, of verifications provided (or not provided), and of the codes provided to inquirers as evidence of their compliance with their obligations under this section.

“(2) INITIAL RESPONSE.—The verification system shall provide confirmation or a tentative nonconfirmation of an individual’s identity and employment eligibility within 3 working days of the initial inquiry. If providing confirmation or tentative nonconfirmation, the verification system shall provide an appropriate code indicating such confirmation or such nonconfirmation.

“(3) SECONDARY CONFIRMATION PROCESS IN CASE OF TENTATIVE NONCONFIRMATION.—In cases of tentative nonconfirmation, the Secretary shall specify, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, an available secondary verification process to confirm the validity of information provided and to provide a final confirmation or nonconfirmation not later than 10 working days after the date on which the notice of the tentative nonconfirmation is received by the employee. The Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner, may extend this deadline once on a case-by-case basis for a period of 10 working days, and if the time is extended, shall document such extension within the verification system. The Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner, shall notify the employee and employer of such extension. The Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner, shall create a standard process of such extension and notification and shall make a description of such process available to the public. When final confirmation or nonconfirmation is provided, the verification system shall provide an appropriate code indicating such confirmation or nonconfirmation.

“(4) DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM.—The verification system shall be designed and operated—

“(A) to maximize its reliability and ease of use by persons and other entities consistent with insulating and protecting the privacy and security of the underlying information;

“(B) to respond to all inquiries made by such persons and entities on whether individuals are authorized to be employed and to register all times when such inquiries are not received;

“(C) with appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to prevent unauthorized disclosure of personal information;

“(D) to have reasonable safeguards against the system’s resulting in unlawful discriminatory practices based on national origin or citizenship status, including—

“(i) the selective or unauthorized use of the system to verify eligibility; or

“(ii) the exclusion of certain individuals from consideration for employment as a result of a perceived likelihood that additional verification will be required, beyond what is required for most job applicants;

“(E) to maximize the prevention of identity theft use in the system; and

“(F) to limit the subjects of verification to the following individuals:

“(i) Individuals hired, referred, or recruited, in accordance with paragraph (1) or (4) of subsection (b).

“(ii) Employees and prospective employees, in accordance with paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of subsection (b).

“(iii) Individuals seeking to confirm their own employment eligibility on a voluntary basis.

“(5) RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY.—As part of the verification system, the Commissioner of Social Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security (and any designee of the Secretary selected to establish and administer the verification system), shall establish a reliable, secure method, which, within the time periods specified under paragraphs (2) and (3), compares the name and social security account number provided in an inquiry against such information maintained by the Commissioner in order to validate (or not validate) the information provided regarding an individual whose identity and employment eligibility must be confirmed, the correspondence of the name and number, and whether the individual has presented a social security account number that is not valid for employment. The Commissioner shall not disclose or release social security information (other than such confirmation or nonconfirmation) under the verification system except as provided for in this section or section 205(c)(2)(I) of the Social Security Act.

“(6) RESPONSIBILITIES OF SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY.—As part of the verification system, the Secretary of Homeland Security (in consultation with any designee of the Secretary selected to establish and administer the verification system), shall establish a reliable, secure method, which, within the time periods specified under paragraphs (2) and (3), compares the name and alien identification or authorization number (or any other information as determined relevant by the Secretary) which are provided in an inquiry against such information maintained or accessed by the Secretary in order to validate (or not validate) the information provided, the correspondence of the name and number, whether the alien is authorized to be employed in the United States, or to the extent that the Secretary determines to be feasible and appropriate, whether the records available to the Secretary verify the identity or status of a national of the United States.

“(7) UPDATING INFORMATION.—The Commissioner of Social Security and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall update their information in a manner that promotes the maximum accuracy and shall provide a process for the prompt correction of erroneous information, including instances in which it is brought to their attention in the secondary verification process described in paragraph (3).

“(8) LIMITATION ON USE OF THE VERIFICATION SYSTEM AND ANY RELATED SYSTEMS.—

“(A) NO NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION CARD.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize, directly or indirectly, the issuance or use of national identification cards or the establishment of a national identification card.

“(B) CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE.—The Secretary may authorize or direct any person or entity responsible for granting access to, protecting, securing, operating, administering, or regulating part of the critical infrastructure (as defined in section 1016(e) of the Critical Infrastructure Protection Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))) to use the verification system to the extent the Secretary determines that such use will assist in the protection of the critical infrastructure.

“(9) REMEDIES.—If an individual alleges that the individual would not have been dismissed from a job but for an error of the verification mechanism, the individual may seek compensation only through the mechanism of the Federal Tort Claims Act, and injunctive relief to correct such error. No class action may be brought under this paragraph.”.

(a) Additional changes to rules for recruitment, referral, and continuation of employment.—Section 274A(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “for a fee”;

(2) in paragraph (1), by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

“(B) to hire, continue to employ, or to recruit or refer for employment in the United States an individual without complying with the requirements of subsection (b).”; and

(3) in paragraph (2), by striking “after hiring an alien for employment in accordance with paragraph (1),” and inserting “after complying with paragraph (1),”.

(b) Definition.—Section 274A(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(h)), as amended by section 1602(b) of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“(5) DEFINITION OF RECRUIT OR REFER.—As used in this section, the term ‘refer’ means the act of sending or directing a person who is in the United States or transmitting documentation or information to another, directly or indirectly, with the intent of obtaining employment in the United States for such person. Only persons or entities referring for remuneration (whether on a retainer or contingency basis) are included in the definition, except that union hiring halls that refer union members or nonunion individuals who pay union membership dues are included in the definition whether or not they receive remuneration, as are labor service entities or labor service agencies, whether public, private, for-profit, or nonprofit, that refer, dispatch, or otherwise facilitate the hiring of laborers for any period of time by a third party. As used in this section, the term ‘recruit’ means the act of soliciting a person who is in the United States, directly or indirectly, and referring the person to another with the intent of obtaining employment for that person. Only persons or entities referring for remuneration (whether on a retainer or contingency basis) are included in the definition, except that union hiring halls that refer union members or nonunion individuals who pay union membership dues are included in this definition whether or not they receive remuneration, as are labor service entities or labor service agencies, whether public, private, for-profit, or nonprofit that recruit, dispatch, or otherwise facilitate the hiring of laborers for any period of time by a third party.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, except that the amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act insofar as such amendments relate to continuation of employment.

Section 274A(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(a)(3)) is amended to read as follows:

“(3) GOOD FAITH DEFENSE.—

“(A) DEFENSE.—An employer (or person or entity that hires, employs, recruits, or refers (as defined in subsection (h)(5)), or is otherwise obligated to comply with this section) who establishes that it has complied in good faith with the requirements of subsection (b)—

“(i) shall not be liable to a job applicant, an employee, the Federal Government, or a State or local government, under Federal, State, or local criminal or civil law for any employment-related action taken with respect to a job applicant or employee in good-faith reliance on information provided through the system established under subsection (d); and

“(ii) has established compliance with its obligations under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) and subsection (b) absent a showing by the Secretary of Homeland Security, by clear and convincing evidence, that the employer had knowledge that an employee is an unauthorized alien.