(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act of 2018”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents of this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title, etc.

(a) Qualification requirements.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 413 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(e) Application of qualification requirements for certain multiple employer plans with pooled plan providers.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), if a defined contribution plan to which subsection (c) applies—

“(A) is sponsored by employers all of which have both a common interest other than having adopted the plan and control of the plan, or

“(B) in the case of a plan not described in subparagraph (A), has a pooled plan provider,

then the plan shall not be treated as failing to meet the requirements under this title applicable to a plan described in section 401(a) or to a plan that consists of individual retirement accounts described in section 408 (including by reason of subsection (c) thereof), whichever is applicable, merely because one or more employers of employees covered by the plan fail to take such actions as are required of such employers for the plan to meet such requirements.

“(2) LIMITATIONS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any plan unless the terms of the plan provide that in cases of employers failing to take the actions described in paragraph (1)—

“(i) the assets of the plan attributable to employees of the employer will be transferred to a plan maintained only by the employer (or its successor), to an eligible retirement plan as defined in section 402(c)(8)(B) for each individual whose account is transferred, or to any other arrangement that the Secretary determines is appropriate, unless the Secretary determines it is in the best interests of such employees to retain the assets in the plan, and

“(ii) the employer described in clause (i) (and not the plan with respect to which the failure occurred or any other participating employer in such plan) shall, except to the extent provided by the Secretary, be liable for any liabilities with respect to such plan attributable to employees of the employer.

“(B) FAILURES BY POOLED PLAN PROVIDERS.—If the pooled plan provider of a plan described in paragraph (1)(B) does not perform substantially all of the administrative duties which are required of the provider under paragraph (3)(A)(i) for any plan year, the Secretary, in the Secretary's own discretion, may provide that the determination as to whether the plan meets the requirements under this title applicable to a plan described in section 401(a) or to a plan that consists of individual retirement accounts described in section 408 (including by reason of subsection (c) thereof), whichever is applicable, shall be made in the same manner as would be made without regard to paragraph (1).

“(3) POOLED PLAN PROVIDER.—For purposes of this subsection—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘pooled plan provider’ means, with respect to any plan, a person who—

“(i) is designated by the terms of the plan as a named fiduciary (within the meaning of section 402(a)(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974), as the plan administrator, and as the person responsible to perform all administrative duties (including conducting proper testing with respect to the plan and employees of each participating employer) which are reasonably necessary to ensure that—

“(I) the plan meets any requirement applicable under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or this title to a plan described in section 401(a) or to a plan that consists of individual retirement accounts described in section 408 (including by reason of subsection (c) thereof), whichever is applicable, and

“(II) each participating employer takes such actions as the Secretary or such person determines are necessary for the plan to meet the requirements described in subclause (I), including providing to such person any disclosures or other information which the Secretary may require or which such person otherwise determines is necessary to administer the plan or to allow the plan to meet such requirements,

“(ii) registers as a pooled plan provider with the Secretary, and provides such other information to the Secretary as the Secretary may require, before beginning operations as a pooled plan provider,

“(iii) acknowledges in writing that such person is a named fiduciary (within the meaning of section 402(a)(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974), and the plan administrator, with respect to the plan, and

“(iv) is responsible for ensuring that all persons who handle assets of, or who are fiduciaries of, the plan are bonded in accordance with section 412 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

“(B) AUDITS, EXAMINATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS.—The Secretary may perform audits, examinations, and investigations of pooled plan providers as may be necessary to enforce and carry out the purposes of this subsection.

“(4) GUIDANCE.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue such guidance as the Secretary determines appropriate to carry out this subsection, including guidance—

“(i) to identify the administrative duties and other actions required to be performed by a pooled plan provider under this subsection,

“(ii) which describes the procedures to be taken to terminate a plan which fails to meet the requirements to be a plan described in paragraph (1), including the proper treatment of, and actions needed to be taken by, any participating employer of the plan and the assets and liabilities of the plan with respect to employees of that employer, and

“(iii) identifying appropriate cases to which the rules of paragraph (2)(A) will apply to employers failing to take the actions described in paragraph (1).

The Secretary shall take into account under clause (iii) whether the failure of an employer or pooled plan provider to provide any disclosures or other information, or to take any other action, necessary to administer a plan or to allow a plan to meet requirements applicable to the plan under section 401(a) or 408, whichever is applicable, has continued over a period of time that clearly demonstrates a lack of commitment to compliance.

“(B) PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION.—Any guidance issued by the Secretary under this paragraph shall not apply to any action or failure occurring before the issuance of such guidance.

“(5) MODEL PLAN.—The Secretary shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor when appropriate, publish model plan language which meets the requirements of this subsection and of paragraphs (43) and (44) of section 3 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and which may be adopted in order for a plan to be treated as a plan described in paragraph (1)(B).”.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Paragraph (3) of section 413(b) of such Code is amended by striking “section 401(a)” and inserting “sections 401(a) and 408(c)”.

(3) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Subsection (c) of section 408 of such Code is amended by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:

“(3) There is a separate accounting for any interest of an employee or member (or spouse of an employee or member) in a Roth IRA.”.

(b) No common interest required for pooled employer plans.—Section 3(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002(2)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(C) A pooled employer plan shall be treated as—

“(i) a single employee pension benefit plan or single pension plan; and

“(ii) a plan to which section 210(a) applies.”.

(c) Pooled employer plan and provider defined.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(43) POOLED EMPLOYER PLAN.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘pooled employer plan’ means a plan—

“(i) which is an individual account plan established or maintained for the purpose of providing benefits to the employees of 2 or more employers;

“(ii) which is a plan described in section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which includes a trust exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code or a plan that consists of individual retirement accounts described in section 408 of such Code (including by reason of subsection (c) thereof); and

“(iii) the terms of which meet the requirements of subparagraph (B).

Such term shall not include a plan with respect to which all of the participating employers have both a common interest other than having adopted the plan and control of the plan.

“(B) REQUIREMENTS FOR PLAN TERMS.—The requirements of this subparagraph are met with respect to any plan if the terms of the plan—

“(i) designate a pooled plan provider and provide that the pooled plan provider is a named fiduciary of the plan;

“(ii) designate one or more trustees meeting the requirements of section 408(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (other than a participating employer) to be responsible for collecting contributions to, and holding the assets of, the plan and require such trustees to implement written contribution collection procedures that are reasonable, diligent, and systematic;

“(iii) provide that each participating employer retains fiduciary responsibility for—

“(I) the selection and monitoring in accordance with section 404(a) of the person designated as the pooled plan provider and any other person who, in addition to the pooled plan provider, is designated as a named fiduciary of the plan; and

“(II) to the extent not otherwise delegated to another fiduciary by the pooled plan provider and subject to the provisions of section 404(c), the investment and management of that portion of the plan’s assets attributable to the employees of that participating employer;

“(iv) provide that a participating employer, or a participant or beneficiary, is not subject to unreasonable restrictions, fees, or penalties with regard to ceasing participation, receipt of distributions, or otherwise transferring assets of the plan in accordance with section 208 or paragraph (44)(C)(i)(II);

“(v) require—

“(I) the pooled plan provider to provide to participating employers any disclosures or other information which the Secretary may require, including any disclosures or other information to facilitate the selection or any monitoring of the pooled plan provider by participating employers; and

“(II) each participating employer to take such actions as the Secretary or the pooled plan provider determines are necessary to administer the plan or for the plan to meet any requirement applicable under this Act or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to a plan described in section 401(a) of such Code or to a plan that consists of individual retirement accounts described in section 408 of such Code (including by reason of subsection (c) thereof), whichever is applicable, including providing any disclosures or other information which the Secretary may require or which the pooled plan provider otherwise determines is necessary to administer the plan or to allow the plan to meet such requirements; and

“(vi) provide that any disclosure or other information required to be provided under clause (v) may be provided in electronic form and will be designed to ensure only reasonable costs are imposed on pooled plan providers and participating employers.

“(C) EXCEPTIONS.—The term ‘pooled employer plan’ does not include—

“(i) a multiemployer plan; or

“(ii) a plan established before the date of the enactment of the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act of 2018, unless the plan administrator elects that the plan will be treated as a pooled employer plan and the plan meets the requirements of this title applicable to a pooled employer plan established on or after such date.

“(44) POOLED PLAN PROVIDER.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘pooled plan provider’ means a person who—

“(i) is designated by the terms of a pooled employer plan as a named fiduciary, as the plan administrator, and as the person responsible for the performance of all administrative duties (including conducting proper testing with respect to the plan and employees of each participating employer) which are reasonably necessary to ensure that—

“(I) the plan meets any requirement applicable under this Act or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to a plan described in section 401(a) of such Code or to a plan that consists of individual retirement accounts described in section 408 of such Code (including by reason of subsection (c) thereof), whichever is applicable; and

“(II) each participating employer takes such actions as the Secretary or pooled plan provider determines are necessary for the plan to meet the requirements described in subclause (I), including providing the disclosures and information described in paragraph (43)(B)(v)(II);

“(ii) registers as a pooled plan provider with the Secretary, and provides to the Secretary such other information as the Secretary may require, before beginning operations as a pooled plan provider;

“(iii) acknowledges in writing that such person is a named fiduciary, and the plan administrator, with respect to the pooled employer plan; and

“(iv) is responsible for ensuring that all persons who handle assets of, or who are fiduciaries of, the pooled employer plan are bonded in accordance with section 412.

“(B) AUDITS, EXAMINATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS.—The Secretary may perform audits, examinations, and investigations of pooled plan providers as may be necessary to enforce and carry out the purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (43).

“(C) GUIDANCE.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue such guidance as the Secretary determines appropriate to carry out this paragraph and paragraph (43), including guidance—

“(I) to identify the administrative duties and other actions required to be performed by a pooled plan provider under either such paragraph; and

“(II) which requires in appropriate cases that if a participating employer fails to take the actions required under subparagraph (A)(i)(II)—

“(aa) the assets of the plan attributable to employees of the participating employer are transferred to a plan maintained only by the participating employer (or its successor), to an eligible retirement plan as defined in section 402(c)(8)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for each individual whose account is transferred, or to any other arrangement that the Secretary determines is appropriate in such guidance; and

“(bb) the participating employer described in item (aa) (and not the plan with respect to which the failure occurred or any other participating employer in such plan) shall, except to the extent provided in such guidance, be liable for any liabilities with respect to such plan attributable to employees of the participating employer.

The Secretary shall take into account under subclause (II) whether the failure of an employer or pooled plan provider to provide any disclosures or other information, or to take any other action, necessary to administer a plan or to allow a plan to meet requirements described in subparagraph (A)(i)(II) has continued over a period of time that clearly demonstrates a lack of commitment to compliance. The Secretary may waive the requirements of subclause (II)(aa) in appropriate circumstances if the Secretary determines it is in the best interests of the employees of the participating employer described in such clause to retain the assets in the plan with respect to which the employer's failure occurred.

“(ii) PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION.—Any guidance issued by the Secretary under this subparagraph shall not apply to any action or failure occurring before the issuance of such guidance.

“(D) AGGREGATION RULES.—For purposes of this paragraph—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In determining whether a person meets the requirements of this paragraph to be a pooled plan provider with respect to any plan, all persons who are members of the same controlled group and who perform services for the plan shall be treated as one person.

“(ii) MEMBERS OF COMMON GROUP.—Persons shall be treated as members of the same controlled group if such persons are treated as a single employer under subsection (c) or (d) of section 210.”.

(2) BONDING REQUIREMENTS FOR POOLED EMPLOYER PLANS.—The last sentence of section 412(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1112(a)) is amended by inserting “or in the case of a pooled employer plan (as defined in section 3(43))” after “section 407(d)(1))”.

(3) CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.—Section 3 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (16)(B)—

(i) by striking “or” at the end of clause (ii); and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting “, or (iv) in the case of a pooled employer plan, the pooled plan provider.”; and

(B) by striking the second paragraph (41).

(d) Effective date.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 2021.

(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in the amendments made by subsection (a) shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate (determined without regard to such amendment) to provide for the proper treatment of a failure to meet any requirement applicable under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to one employer (and its employees) in a multiple employer plan.

(a) Additional information.—Section 103 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1023) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1)(B), by striking “applicable subsections (d), (e), and (f)” and inserting “applicable subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g)”; and

(2) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:

“(g) Additional information with respect to pooled employer and multiple employer plans.—An annual report under this section for a plan year shall include—

“(1) with respect to any plan to which section 210(a) applies (including a pooled employer plan), a list of participating employers and a good faith estimate of the percentage of total contributions made by such participating employers during the plan year; and

“(2) with respect to a pooled employer plan, the identifying information for the person designated under the terms of the plan as the pooled plan provider.”.

(b) Simplified annual reports.—Section 104(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1024(a)) is amended by striking paragraph (2)(A) and inserting the following:

“(2) (A) With respect to annual reports required to be filed with the Secretary under this part, the Secretary may by regulation prescribe simplified annual reports for any pension plan that—

“(i) covers fewer than 100 participants; or

“(ii) is a plan described in section 210(a) that covers fewer than 1,000 participants, but only if no single participating employer has 100 or more participants covered by the plan.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to annual reports for plan years beginning after December 31, 2021.

(a) In general.—Clause (iii) of section 401(k)(13)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “, does not exceed 10 percent, and is at least” and inserting “and is”.

(b) Conforming amendments.—

(1) Subclause (I) of section 401(k)(13)(C)(iii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “3 percent” and inserting “at least 3 percent, but not greater than 10 percent,”.

(2) Subclause (II) of section 401(k)(13)(C)(iii) of such Code is amended by striking “4 percent” and inserting “at least 4 percent”.

(3) Subclause (III) of section 401(k)(13)(C)(iii) of such Code is amended by striking “5 percent” and inserting “at least 5 percent”.

(4) Subclause (IV) of section 401(k)(13)(C)(iii) of such Code is amended by striking “6 percent” and inserting “at least 6 percent”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) Limitation of annual safe harbor notice to matching contribution plans.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of section 401(k)(12) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “if such arrangement” and all that follows and inserting “if such arrangement—

“(i) meets the contribution requirements of subparagraph (B) and the notice requirements of subparagraph (D), or

“(ii) meets the contribution requirements of subparagraph (C).”.

(2) AUTOMATIC CONTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS.—Subparagraph (B) of section 401(k)(13) of such Code is amended by striking “means” and all that follows and inserting “means a cash or deferred arrangement—

“(A) which is described in subparagraph (D)(i)(I) and meets the applicable requirements of subparagraphs (C) through (E), or

“(B) which is described in subparagraph (D)(i)(II) and meets the applicable requirements of subparagraphs (C) and (D).”.

(b) Nonelective contributions.—Section 401(k)(12) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph (G), and by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following new subparagraph:

“(F) TIMING OF PLAN AMENDMENT FOR EMPLOYER MAKING NONELECTIVE CONTRIBUTIONS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), a plan may be amended after the beginning of a plan year to provide that the requirements of subparagraph (C) shall apply to the arrangement for the plan year, but only if the amendment is adopted—

“(I) at any time before the 30th day before the close of the plan year, or

“(II) at any time before the last day under paragraph (8)(A) for distributing excess contributions for the plan year.

“(ii) EXCEPTION WHERE PLAN PROVIDED FOR MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS.—Clause (i) shall not apply to any plan year if the plan provided at any time during the plan year that the requirements of subparagraph (B) or paragraph (13)(D)(i)(I) applied to the plan year.

“(iii) 4-PERCENT CONTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT.—Clause (i)(II) shall not apply to an arrangement unless the amount of the contributions described in subparagraph (C) which the employer is required to make under the arrangement for the plan year with respect to any employee is an amount equal to at least 4 percent of the employee's compensation.”.

(c) Automatic contribution arrangements.—Section 401(k)(13) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(F) TIMING OF PLAN AMENDMENT FOR EMPLOYER MAKING NONELECTIVE CONTRIBUTIONS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), a plan may be amended after the beginning of a plan year to provide that the requirements of subparagraph (D)(i)(II) shall apply to the arrangement for the plan year, but only if the amendment is adopted—

“(I) at any time before the 30th day before the close of the plan year, or

“(II) at any time before the last day under paragraph (8)(A) for distributing excess contributions for the plan year.

“(ii) EXCEPTION WHERE PLAN PROVIDED FOR MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS.—Clause (i) shall not apply to any plan year if the plan provided at any time during the plan year that the requirements of subparagraph (D)(i)(I) or paragraph (12)(B) applied to the plan year.

“(iii) 4-PERCENT CONTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT.—Clause (i)(II) shall not apply to an arrangement unless the amount of the contributions described in subparagraph (D)(i)(II) which the employer is required to make under the arrangement for the plan year with respect to any employee is an amount equal to at least 4 percent of the employee's compensation.”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Paragraph (1) of section 45E(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

“(1) for the first credit year and each of the 2 taxable years immediately following the first credit year, the greater of—

“(A) $500, or

“(B) the lesser of—

“(i) $250 for each employee of the eligible employer who is not a highly compensated employee (as defined in section 414(q)) and who is eligible to participate in the eligible employer plan maintained by the eligible employer, or

“(ii) $5,000, and”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Credit To be part of general business credit.—Subsection (b) of section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “plus” at the end of paragraph (35), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (36) and inserting “, plus”, and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(37) in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45S(c)), the retirement auto-enrollment credit determined under section 45S(a).”.

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 45R the following new item:

“Sec. 45S. Auto-enrollment option for retirement savings options provided by small employers.”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Paragraph (1) of section 219(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following: “The term ‘compensation’ shall include any amount paid to an individual to aid the individual in the pursuit of graduate or postdoctoral study.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Paragraph (1) of section 219(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is repealed.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Subsection (c) of section 408A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking paragraph (4) and by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) as paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), respectively.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to contributions made for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In General.—Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(vi) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “, but only to the extent of the stock held by such trust in such bank or company as of the date of the enactment of this clause”.

(b) Sale of Stock in IRA Relating to S Corporation Election Exempt From Prohibited Transaction Rules.—Section 4975(d)(16) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (B), (C), (D) and (E), respectively.

(c) Effective Date.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect on January 1, 2018.

(a) In general.—Paragraph (2) of section 72(p) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E) and by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new subparagraph:

“(D) PROHIBITION OF LOANS THROUGH CREDIT CARDS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARRANGEMENTS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any loan which is made through the use of any credit card or any other similar arrangement.

“(ii) EXCEPTION FOR EXISTING CREDIT CARD SYSTEMS.—Clause (i) shall not apply to any loan to the extent such loan is provided through an electronic card system which, as of September 21, 2016, was available for use to provide loans under qualified employer plans.

“(iii) DISALLOWED TRANSACTIONS.—If any card through which a loan is provided under the exception of clause (ii) is used for any transaction—

“(I) in an amount equal to or less than $1,000, or

“(II) with or on the premises of any establishment described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 408(a)(12)(A) of the Social Security Act,

the amount of such transaction shall be treated as having been received by the individual as a distribution in accordance with subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1).

“(iv) COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENT.—In the case of any loan made during a plan year beginning after December 31, 2019, the $1,000 amount under clause (iii)(I) shall be increased by an amount equal to—

“(I) such dollar amount, multiplied by

“(II) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which the plan year begins, determined by substituting ‘calendar year 2018’ for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B) thereof. Any increase determined under the preceding sentence shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(c) Study.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall, not later than the date which is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act—

(1) study the impact of loans from qualified employer plans (as defined in section 72(p)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) provided through credit cards and similar arrangements on the use of retirement savings for purposes other than funding retirement; and

(2) report the results of such study to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on the Ways and Means of the House of Representatives.

If the study under paragraph (1) determines that such loans, after implementation of the restrictions imposed by the amendment made by subsection (a), result in greater usage of retirement savings for purposes other than funding retirement than loans made by other means, the report under paragraph (2) shall include recommendations to reduce such result.

(a) In general.—Subsection (a) of section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after paragraph (37) the following new paragraph:

“(38) PORTABILITY OF LIFETIME INCOME.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, a trust forming part of a defined contribution plan shall not be treated as failing to constitute a qualified trust under this section solely by reason of allowing—

“(i) qualified distributions of a lifetime income investment, or

“(ii) distributions of a lifetime income investment in the form of a qualified plan distribution annuity contract,

on or after the date that is 90 days prior to the date on which such lifetime income investment is no longer authorized to be held as an investment option under the plan.

“(B) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this subsection—

“(i) the term ‘qualified distribution’ means a direct trustee-to-trustee transfer described in paragraph (31)(A) to an eligible retirement plan (as defined in section 402(c)(8)(B)),

“(ii) the term ‘lifetime income investment’ means an investment option which is designed to provide an employee with election rights—

“(I) which are not uniformly available with respect to other investment options under the plan, and

“(II) which are to a lifetime income feature available through a contract or other arrangement offered under the plan (or under another eligible retirement plan (as so defined), if paid by means of a direct trustee-to-trustee transfer described in paragraph (31)(A) to such other eligible retirement plan),

“(iii) the term ‘lifetime income feature’ means—

“(I) a feature which guarantees a minimum level of income annually (or more frequently) for at least the remainder of the life of the employee or the joint lives of the employee and the employee’s designated beneficiary, or

“(II) an annuity payable on behalf of the employee under which payments are made in substantially equal periodic payments (not less frequently than annually) over the life of the employee or the joint lives of the employee and the employee’s designated beneficiary, and

“(iv) the term ‘qualified plan distribution annuity contract’ means an annuity contract purchased for a participant and distributed to the participant by a plan or contract described in subparagraph (B) of section 402(c)(8) (without regard to clauses (i) and (ii) thereof).”.

(b) Cash or deferred arrangement.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Clause (i) of section 401(k)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by section 110(a), is amended by striking “or” at the end of subclause (IV), by striking “and” at the end of subclause (V) and inserting “or”, and by adding at the end the following new subclause:

“(VI) except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, with respect to amounts invested in a lifetime income investment (as defined in subsection (a)(38)(B)(ii)), the date that is 90 days prior to the date that such lifetime income investment may no longer be held as an investment option under the arrangement, and”.

(2) DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT.—Subparagraph (B) of section 401(k)(2) of such Code, as amended by paragraph (1), is amended by striking “and” at the end of clause (i), by striking the semicolon at the end of clause (ii) and inserting “, and”, and by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(iii) except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, in the case of amounts described in clause (i)(VI), will be distributed only in the form of a qualified distribution (as defined in subsection (a)(38)(B)(i)) or a qualified plan distribution annuity contract (as defined in subsection (a)(38)(B)(iv)),”.

(c) Section 403(b) plans.—

(1) ANNUITY CONTRACTS.—Paragraph (11) of section 403(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “or” at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting “, or”, and by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new subparagraph:

“(D) except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, with respect to amounts invested in a lifetime income investment (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(ii))—

“(i) on or after the date that is 90 days prior to the date that such lifetime income investment may no longer be held as an investment option under the contract, and

“(ii) in the form of a qualified distribution (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(i)) or a qualified plan distribution annuity contract (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(iv)).”.

(2) CUSTODIAL ACCOUNTS.—Subparagraph (A) of section 403(b)(7) of such Code is amended by striking “if—” and all that follows and inserting “if the amounts are to be invested in regulated investment company stock to be held in that custodial account, and under the custodial account—

“(i) no such amounts may be paid or made available to any distributee (unless such amount is a distribution to which section 72(t)(2)(G) applies) before—

“(I) the employee dies,

“(II) the employee attains age 59¹⁄2 ,

“(III) the employee has a severance from employment,

“(IV) the employee becomes disabled (within the meaning of section 72(m)(7)),

“(V) in the case of contributions made pursuant to a salary reduction agreement (within the meaning of section 3121(a)(5)(D)), the employee encounters financial hardship, or

“(VI) except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, with respect to amounts invested in a lifetime income investment (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(ii)), the date that is 90 days prior to the date that such lifetime income investment may no longer be held as an investment option under the contract, and

“(ii) in the case of amounts described in clause (i)(VI), such amounts will be distributed only in the form of a qualified distribution (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(i)) or a qualified plan distribution annuity contract (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(iv)).”.

(d) Eligible deferred compensation plans.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of section 457(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “or” at the end of clause (ii), by inserting “or” at the end of clause (iii), and by adding after clause (iii) the following:

“(iv) except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, in the case of a plan maintained by an employer described in subsection (e)(1)(A), with respect to amounts invested in a lifetime income investment (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(ii)), the date that is 90 days prior to the date that such lifetime income investment may no longer be held as an investment option under the plan,”.

(2) DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT.—Paragraph (1) of section 457(d) of such Code is amended by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting “, and”, and by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new subparagraph:

“(D) except as may be otherwise provided by regulations, in the case of amounts described in subparagraph (A)(iv), such amounts will be distributed only in the form of a qualified distribution (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(i)) or a qualified plan distribution annuity contract (as defined in section 401(a)(38)(B)(iv)).”.

(e) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Section 403(b)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(D) TREATMENT OF CUSTODIAL ACCOUNT UPON PLAN TERMINATION.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—If—

“(I) an employer terminates the plan under which amounts are contributed to a custodial account under subparagraph (A), and

“(II) the person holding the assets of the account has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Secretary under section 408(a)(2) that the person is qualified to be a trustee of an individual retirement plan,

then, as of the date of the termination, the custodial account shall be deemed to be an individual retirement plan for purposes of this title.

“(ii) TREATMENT AS ROTH IRA.—Any custodial account treated as an individual retirement plan under clause (i) shall be treated as a Roth IRA only if the custodial account was a designated Roth account.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to plan terminations occurring after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Subparagraph (B) of section 403(b)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting “(including an employee described in section 414(e)(3)(B))” after “employee described in paragraph (1)”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to years beginning before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—Subsection (b) of section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “retroactive changes in plan.—A stock bonus” and inserting “plan amendments.—

“(1) CERTAIN RETROACTIVE CHANGES IN PLAN.—A stock bonus”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) ADOPTION OF PLAN.—If an employer adopts a stock bonus, pension, profit-sharing, or annuity plan after the close of a taxable year but before the time prescribed by law for filing the return of the employer for the taxable year (including extensions thereof), the employer may elect to treat the plan as having been adopted as of the last day of the taxable year.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to plans adopted for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor shall, in cooperation, modify the returns required under section 6058 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the reports required by section 104 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1024) so that all members of a group of plans described in subsection (c) may file a single aggregated annual return or report satisfying the requirements of both such sections.

(b) Administrative requirements.—In developing the consolidated return or report under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor may require such return or report to include any information regarding each plan in the group as such Secretaries determine is necessary or appropriate for the enforcement and administration of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

(c) Plans described.—A group of plans is described in this subsection if all plans in the group—

(1) are individual account plans or defined contribution plans (as defined in section 3(34) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002(34)) or in section 414(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986);

(2) have—

(A) the same trustee (as described in section 403(a) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1103(a)));

(B) the same one or more named fiduciaries (as described in section 402(a) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1102(a)));

(C) the same administrator (as defined in section 3(16)(A) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1002(16)(A))) and plan administrator (as defined in section 414(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986); and

(D) plan years beginning on the same date; and

(3) provide the same investments or investment options to participants and beneficiaries.

A plan not subject to title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 shall be treated as meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) as part of a group of plans if the same person that performs each of the functions described in such paragraph, as applicable, for all other plans in such group performs each of such functions for such plan.

(d) Clarification relating to electronic filing of returns for deferred compensation plans.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 6011(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(5) APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL LIMITATION TO RETURNS RELATING TO DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLANS.—For purposes of applying the numerical limitation under paragraph (2)(A) to any return required under section 6058, information regarding each plan for which information is provided on such return shall be treated as a separate return.”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to returns required to be filed with respect to plan years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(e) Effective date.—The modification required by subsection (a) shall be implemented not later than January 1, 2021, and shall apply to returns and reports for plan years beginning after December 31, 2020.

(a) In general.—Subparagraph (B) of section 105(a)(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1025(a)(2)) is amended—

(1) in clause (i), by striking “and” at the end;

(2) in clause (ii), by striking “diversification.” and inserting “diversification, and”; and

(3) by inserting at the end the following:

“(iii) the lifetime income disclosure described in subparagraph (D)(i).

In the case of pension benefit statements described in clause (i) of paragraph (1)(A), a lifetime income disclosure under clause (iii) of this subparagraph shall be required to be included in only one pension benefit statement during any one 12-month period.”.

(b) Lifetime income.—Paragraph (2) of section 105(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1025(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(D) LIFETIME INCOME DISCLOSURE.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—

“(I) DISCLOSURE.—A lifetime income disclosure shall set forth the lifetime income stream equivalent of the total benefits accrued with respect to the participant or beneficiary.

“(II) LIFETIME INCOME STREAM EQUIVALENT OF THE TOTAL BENEFITS ACCRUED.—For purposes of this subparagraph, the term ‘lifetime income stream equivalent of the total benefits accrued’ means the amount of monthly payments the participant or beneficiary would receive if the total accrued benefits of such participant or beneficiary were used to provide lifetime income streams described in subclause (III), based on assumptions specified in rules prescribed by the Secretary.

“(III) LIFETIME INCOME STREAMS.—The lifetime income streams described in this subclause are a qualified joint and survivor annuity (as defined in section 205(d)), based on assumptions specified in rules prescribed by the Secretary, including the assumption that the participant or beneficiary has a spouse of equal age, and a single life annuity. Such lifetime income streams may have a term certain or other features to the extent permitted under rules prescribed by the Secretary.

“(ii) MODEL DISCLOSURE.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act of 2018, the Secretary shall issue a model lifetime income disclosure, written in a manner so as to be understood by the average plan participant, which—

“(I) explains that the lifetime income stream equivalent is only provided as an illustration;

“(II) explains that the actual payments under the lifetime income stream described in clause (i)(III) which may be purchased with the total benefits accrued will depend on numerous factors and may vary substantially from the lifetime income stream equivalent in the disclosures;

“(III) explains the assumptions upon which the lifetime income stream equivalent was determined; and

“(IV) provides such other similar explanations as the Secretary considers appropriate.

“(iii) ASSUMPTIONS AND RULES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act of 2018, the Secretary shall—

“(I) prescribe assumptions which administrators of individual account plans may use in converting total accrued benefits into lifetime income stream equivalents for purposes of this subparagraph; and

“(II) issue interim final rules under clause (i).

In prescribing assumptions under subclause (I), the Secretary may prescribe a single set of specific assumptions (in which case the Secretary may issue tables or factors which facilitate such conversions), or ranges of permissible assumptions. To the extent that an accrued benefit is or may be invested in a lifetime income stream described in clause (i)(III), the assumptions prescribed under subclause (I) shall, to the extent appropriate, permit administrators of individual account plans to use the amounts payable under such lifetime income stream as a lifetime income stream equivalent.

“(iv) LIMITATION ON LIABILITY.—No plan fiduciary, plan sponsor, or other person shall have any liability under this title solely by reason of the provision of lifetime income stream equivalents which are derived in accordance with the assumptions and rules described in clause (iii) and which include the explanations contained in the model lifetime income disclosure described in clause (ii). This clause shall apply without regard to whether the provision of such lifetime income stream equivalent is required by subparagraph (B)(iii).

“(v) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The requirement in subparagraph (B)(iii) shall apply to pension benefit statements furnished more than 12 months after the latest of the issuance by the Secretary of—

“(I) interim final rules under clause (i);

“(II) the model disclosure under clause (ii); or

“(III) the assumptions under clause (iii).”.

Section 404 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1104) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(e) Safe harbor for annuity selection.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—With respect to the selection of an insurer for a guaranteed retirement income contract, the requirements of subsection (a)(1)(B) will be deemed to be satisfied if a fiduciary—

“(A) engages in an objective, thorough, and analytical search for the purpose of identifying insurers from which to purchase such contracts;

“(B) with respect to each insurer identified under subparagraph (A)—

“(i) considers the financial capability of such insurer to satisfy its obligations under the guaranteed retirement income contract; and

“(ii) considers the cost (including fees and commissions) of the guaranteed retirement income contract offered by the insurer in relation to the benefits and product features of the contract and administrative services to be provided under such contract; and

“(C) on the basis of such consideration, concludes that—

“(i) at the time of the selection, the insurer is financially capable of satisfying its obligations under the guaranteed retirement income contract; and

“(ii) the relative cost of the selected guaranteed retirement income contract as described in subparagraph (B)(ii) is reasonable.

“(2) FINANCIAL CAPABILITY OF THE INSURER.—A fiduciary will be deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B)(i) and (1)(C)(i) if—

“(A) the fiduciary obtains written representations from the insurer that—

“(i) the insurer is licensed to offer guaranteed retirement income contracts;

“(ii) the insurer, at the time of selection and for each of the immediately preceding 7 plan years—

“(I) operates under a certificate of authority from the insurance commissioner of its domiciliary State which has not been revoked or suspended;

“(II) has filed audited financial statements in accordance with the laws of its domiciliary State under applicable statutory accounting principles;

“(III) maintains (and has maintained) reserves which satisfies all the statutory requirements of all States where the insurer does business; and

“(IV) is not operating under an order of supervision, rehabilitation, or liquidation;

“(iii) the insurer undergoes, at least every 5 years, a financial examination (within the meaning of the law of its domiciliary State) by the insurance commissioner of the domiciliary State (or representative, designee, or other party approved by such commissioner); and

“(iv) the insurer will notify the fiduciary of any change in circumstances occurring after the provision of the representations in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) which would preclude the insurer from making such representations at the time of issuance of the guaranteed retirement income contract; and

“(B) after receiving such representations and as of the time of selection, the fiduciary has not received any notice described in subparagraph (A)(iv) and is in possession of no other information which would cause the fiduciary to question the representations provided.

“(3) NO REQUIREMENT TO SELECT LOWEST COST.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a fiduciary to select the lowest cost contract. A fiduciary may consider the value of a contract, including features and benefits of the contract and attributes of the insurer (including, without limitation, the insurer's financial strength) in conjunction with the cost of the contract.

“(4) TIME OF SELECTION.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this subsection, the time of selection is—

“(i) the time that the insurer and the contract are selected for distribution of benefits to a specific participant or beneficiary; or

“(ii) if the fiduciary periodically reviews the continuing appropriateness of the conclusion described in paragraph (1)(C) with respect to a selected insurer, taking into account the considerations described in such paragraph, the time that the insurer and the contract are selected to provide benefits at future dates to participants or beneficiaries under the plan.

Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed to require the fiduciary to review the appropriateness of a selection after the purchase of a contract for a participant or beneficiary.

“(B) PERIODIC REVIEW.—A fiduciary will be deemed to have conducted the periodic review described in subparagraph (A)(ii) if the fiduciary obtains the written representations described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of paragraph (2)(A) from the insurer on an annual basis, unless the fiduciary receives any notice described in paragraph (2)(A)(iv) or otherwise becomes aware of facts that would cause the fiduciary to question such representations.

“(5) LIMITED LIABILITY.—A fiduciary which satisfies the requirements of this subsection shall not be liable following the distribution of any benefit, or the investment by or on behalf of a participant or beneficiary pursuant to the selected guaranteed retirement income contract, for any losses that may result to the participant or beneficiary due to an insurer’s inability to satisfy its financial obligations under the terms of such contract.

“(6) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this subsection—

“(A) INSURER.—The term ‘insurer’ means an insurance company, insurance service, or insurance organization, including affiliates of such companies.

“(B) GUARANTEED RETIREMENT INCOME CONTRACT.—The term ‘guaranteed retirement income contract’ means an annuity contract for a fixed term or a contract (or provision or feature thereof) which provides guaranteed benefits annually (or more frequently) for at least the remainder of the life of the participant or the joint lives of the participant and the participant’s designated beneficiary as part of an individual account plan.”.

(a) In general.—Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (p); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (n) the following new subsection:

“(o) Special rules for applying nondiscrimination rules To protect older, longer service and grandfathered participants.—

“(1) TESTING OF DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS WITH CLOSED CLASSES OF PARTICIPANTS.—

“(A) BENEFITS, RIGHTS, OR FEATURES PROVIDED TO CLOSED CLASSES.—A defined benefit plan which provides benefits, rights, or features to a closed class of participants shall not fail to satisfy the requirements of subsection (a)(4) by reason of the composition of such closed class or the benefits, rights, or features provided to such closed class, if—

“(i) for the plan year as of which the class closes and the 2 succeeding plan years, such benefits, rights, and features satisfy the requirements of subsection (a)(4) (without regard to this subparagraph but taking into account the rules of subparagraph (I)),

“(ii) after the date as of which the class was closed, any plan amendment which modifies the closed class or the benefits, rights, and features provided to such closed class does not discriminate significantly in favor of highly compensated employees, and

“(iii) the class was closed before September 21, 2016, or the plan is described in subparagraph (C).

“(B) AGGREGATE TESTING WITH DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS PERMITTED ON A BENEFITS BASIS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of determining compliance with subsection (a)(4) and section 410(b), a defined benefit plan described in clause (iii) may be aggregated and tested on a benefits basis with 1 or more defined contribution plans, including with the portion of 1 or more defined contribution plans which—

“(I) provides matching contributions (as defined in subsection (m)(4)(A)),

“(II) provides annuity contracts described in section 403(b) which are purchased with matching contributions or nonelective contributions, or

“(III) consists of an employee stock ownership plan (within the meaning of section 4975(e)(7)) or a tax credit employee stock ownership plan (within the meaning of section 409(a)).

“(ii) SPECIAL RULES FOR MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS.—For purposes of clause (i), if a defined benefit plan is aggregated with a portion of a defined contribution plan providing matching contributions—

“(I) such defined benefit plan must also be aggregated with any portion of such defined contribution plan which provides elective deferrals described in subparagraph (A) or (C) of section 402(g)(3), and

“(II) such matching contributions shall be treated in the same manner as nonelective contributions, including for purposes of applying the rules of subsection (l).

“(iii) PLANS DESCRIBED.—A defined benefit plan is described in this clause if—

“(I) the plan provides benefits to a closed class of participants,

“(II) for the plan year as of which the class closes and the 2 succeeding plan years, the plan satisfies the requirements of section 410(b) and subsection (a)(4) (without regard to this subparagraph but taking into account the rules of subparagraph (I)),

“(III) after the date as of which the class was closed, any plan amendment which modifies the closed class or the benefits provided to such closed class does not discriminate significantly in favor of highly compensated employees, and

“(IV) the class was closed before September 21, 2016, or the plan is described in subparagraph (C).

“(C) PLANS DESCRIBED.—A plan is described in this subparagraph if, taking into account any predecessor plan—

“(i) such plan has been in effect for at least 5 years as of the date the class is closed, and

“(ii) during the 5-year period preceding the date the class is closed, there has not been a substantial increase in the coverage or value of the benefits, rights, or features described in subparagraph (A) or in the coverage or benefits under the plan described in subparagraph (B)(iii) (whichever is applicable).

“(D) DETERMINATION OF SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE FOR BENEFITS, RIGHTS, AND FEATURES.—In applying subparagraph (C)(ii) for purposes of subparagraph (A)(iii), a plan shall be treated as having had a substantial increase in coverage or value of the benefits, rights, or features described in subparagraph (A) during the applicable 5-year period only if, during such period—

“(i) the number of participants covered by such benefits, rights, or features on the date such period ends is more than 50 percent greater than the number of such participants on the first day of the plan year in which such period began, or

“(ii) such benefits, rights, and features have been modified by 1 or more plan amendments in such a way that, as of the date the class is closed, the value of such benefits, rights, and features to the closed class as a whole is substantially greater than the value as of the first day of such 5-year period, solely as a result of such amendments.

“(E) DETERMINATION OF SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE FOR AGGREGATE TESTING ON BENEFITS BASIS.—In applying subparagraph (C)(ii) for purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii)(IV), a plan shall be treated as having had a substantial increase in coverage or benefits during the applicable 5-year period only if, during such period—

“(i) the number of participants benefiting under the plan on the date such period ends is more than 50 percent greater than the number of such participants on the first day of the plan year in which such period began, or

“(ii) the average benefit provided to such participants on the date such period ends is more than 50 percent greater than the average benefit provided on the first day of the plan year in which such period began.

“(F) CERTAIN EMPLOYEES DISREGARDED.—For purposes of subparagraphs (D) and (E), any increase in coverage or value or in coverage or benefits, whichever is applicable, which is attributable to such coverage and value or coverage and benefits provided to employees—

“(i) who became participants as a result of a merger, acquisition, or similar event which occurred during the 7-year period preceding the date the class is closed, or

“(ii) who became participants by reason of a merger of the plan with another plan which had been in effect for at least 5 years as of the date of the merger,

shall be disregarded, except that clause (ii) shall apply for purposes of subparagraph (D) only if, under the merger, the benefits, rights, or features under 1 plan are conformed to the benefits, rights, or features of the other plan prospectively.

“(G) RULES RELATING TO AVERAGE BENEFIT.—For purposes of subparagraph (E)—

“(i) the average benefit provided to participants under the plan will be treated as having remained the same between the 2 dates described in subparagraph (E)(ii) if the benefit formula applicable to such participants has not changed between such dates, and

“(ii) if the benefit formula applicable to 1 or more participants under the plan has changed between such 2 dates, then the average benefit under the plan shall be considered to have increased by more than 50 percent only if—

“(I) the total amount determined under section 430(b)(1)(A)(i) for all participants benefiting under the plan for the plan year in which the 5-year period described in subparagraph (E) ends, exceeds

“(II) the total amount determined under section 430(b)(1)(A)(i) for all such participants for such plan year, by using the benefit formula in effect for each such participant for the first plan year in such 5-year period,

by more than 50 percent. In the case of a CSEC plan (as defined in section 414(y)), the normal cost of the plan (as determined under section 433(j)(1)(B)) shall be used in lieu of the amount determined under section 430(b)(1)(A)(i).

“(H) TREATMENT AS SINGLE PLAN.—For purposes of subparagraphs (E) and (G), a plan described in section 413(c) shall be treated as a single plan rather than as separate plans maintained by each participating employer.

“(I) SPECIAL RULES.—For purposes of subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B)(iii)(II), the following rules shall apply:

“(i) In applying section 410(b)(6)(C), the closing of the class of participants shall not be treated as a significant change in coverage under section 410(b)(6)(C)(i)(II).

“(ii) Two or more plans shall not fail to be eligible to be aggregated and treated as a single plan solely by reason of having different plan years.

“(iii) Changes in the employee population shall be disregarded to the extent attributable to individuals who become employees or cease to be employees, after the date the class is closed, by reason of a merger, acquisition, divestiture, or similar event.

“(iv) Aggregation and all other testing methodologies otherwise applicable under subsection (a)(4) and section 410(b) may be taken into account.

The rule of clause (ii) shall also apply for purposes of determining whether plans to which subparagraph (B)(i) applies may be aggregated and treated as 1 plan for purposes of determining whether such plans meet the requirements of subsection (a)(4) and section 410(b).

“(J) SPUN-OFF PLANS.—For purposes of this paragraph, if a portion of a defined benefit plan described in subparagraph (A) or (B)(iii) is spun off to another employer and the spun-off plan continues to satisfy the requirements of—

“(i) subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(iii)(II), whichever is applicable, if the original plan was still within the 3-year period described in such subparagraph at the time of the spin off, and

“(ii) subparagraph (A)(ii) or (B)(iii)(III), whichever is applicable,

the treatment under subparagraph (A) or (B) of the spun-off plan shall continue with respect to such other employer.

“(2) TESTING OF DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS.—

“(A) TESTING ON A BENEFITS BASIS.—A defined contribution plan shall be permitted to be tested on a benefits basis if—

“(i) such defined contribution plan provides make-whole contributions to a closed class of participants whose accruals under a defined benefit plan have been reduced or eliminated,

“(ii) for the plan year of the defined contribution plan as of which the class eligible to receive such make-whole contributions closes and the 2 succeeding plan years, such closed class of participants satisfies the requirements of section 410(b)(2)(A)(i) (determined by applying the rules of paragraph (1)(I)),

“(iii) after the date as of which the class was closed, any plan amendment to the defined contribution plan which modifies the closed class or the allocations, benefits, rights, and features provided to such closed class does not discriminate significantly in favor of highly compensated employees, and

“(iv) the class was closed before September 21, 2016, or the defined benefit plan under clause (i) is described in paragraph (1)(C) (as applied for purposes of paragraph (1)(B)(iii)(IV)).

“(B) AGGREGATION WITH PLANS INCLUDING MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—With respect to 1 or more defined contribution plans described in subparagraph (A), for purposes of determining compliance with subsection (a)(4) and section 410(b), the portion of such plans which provides make-whole contributions or other nonelective contributions may be aggregated and tested on a benefits basis with the portion of 1 or more other defined contribution plans which—

“(I) provides matching contributions (as defined in subsection (m)(4)(A)),

“(II) provides annuity contracts described in section 403(b) which are purchased with matching contributions or nonelective contributions, or

“(III) consists of an employee stock ownership plan (within the meaning of section 4975(e)(7)) or a tax credit employee stock ownership plan (within the meaning of section 409(a)).

“(ii) SPECIAL RULES FOR MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS.—Rules similar to the rules of paragraph (1)(B)(ii) shall apply for purposes of clause (i).

“(C) SPECIAL RULES FOR TESTING DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN FEATURES PROVIDING MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS TO CERTAIN OLDER, LONGER SERVICE PARTICIPANTS.—In the case of a defined contribution plan which provides benefits, rights, or features to a closed class of participants whose accruals under a defined benefit plan have been reduced or eliminated, the plan shall not fail to satisfy the requirements of subsection (a)(4) solely by reason of the composition of the closed class or the benefits, rights, or features provided to such closed class if the defined contribution plan and defined benefit plan otherwise meet the requirements of subparagraph (A) but for the fact that the make-whole contributions under the defined contribution plan are made in whole or in part through matching contributions.

“(D) SPUN-OFF PLANS.—For purposes of this paragraph, if a portion of a defined contribution plan described in subparagraph (A) or (C) is spun off to another employer, the treatment under subparagraph (A) or (C) of the spun-off plan shall continue with respect to the other employer if such plan continues to comply with the requirements of clauses (ii) (if the original plan was still within the 3-year period described in such clause at the time of the spin off) and (iii) of subparagraph (A), as determined for purposes of subparagraph (A) or (C), whichever is applicable.

“(3) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this subsection—

“(A) MAKE-WHOLE CONTRIBUTIONS.—Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2)(C), the term ‘make-whole contributions’ means nonelective allocations for each employee in the class which are reasonably calculated, in a consistent manner, to replace some or all of the retirement benefits which the employee would have received under the defined benefit plan and any other plan or qualified cash or deferred arrangement under subsection (k)(2) if no change had been made to such defined benefit plan and such other plan or arrangement. For purposes of the preceding sentence, consistency shall not be required with respect to employees who were subject to different benefit formulas under the defined benefit plan.

“(B) REFERENCES TO CLOSED CLASS OF PARTICIPANTS.—References to a closed class of participants and similar references to a closed class shall include arrangements under which 1 or more classes of participants are closed, except that 1 or more classes of participants closed on different dates shall not be aggregated for purposes of determining the date any such class was closed.

“(C) HIGHLY COMPENSATED EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘highly compensated employee’ has the meaning given such term in section 414(q).”.

(b) Participation requirements.—Paragraph (26) of section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(I) PROTECTED PARTICIPANTS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—A plan shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of subparagraph (A) if—

“(I) the plan is amended—

“(aa) to cease all benefit accruals, or

“(bb) to provide future benefit accruals only to a closed class of participants,

“(II) the plan satisfies subparagraph (A) (without regard to this subparagraph) as of the effective date of the amendment, and

“(III) the amendment was adopted before September 21, 2016, or the plan is described in clause (ii).

“(ii) PLANS DESCRIBED.—A plan is described in this clause if the plan would be described in subsection (o)(1)(C), as applied for purposes of subsection (o)(1)(B)(iii)(IV) and by treating the effective date of the amendment as the date the class was closed for purposes of subsection (o)(1)(C).

“(iii) SPECIAL RULES.—For purposes of clause (i)(II), in applying section 410(b)(6)(C), the amendments described in clause (i) shall not be treated as a significant change in coverage under section 410(b)(6)(C)(i)(II).

“(iv) SPUN-OFF PLANS.—For purposes of this subparagraph, if a portion of a plan described in clause (i) is spun off to another employer, the treatment under clause (i) of the spun-off plan shall continue with respect to the other employer.”.

(c) Effective date.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, without regard to whether any plan modifications referred to in such amendments are adopted or effective before, on, or after such date of enactment.

(2) SPECIAL RULES.—

(A) ELECTION OF EARLIER APPLICATION.—At the election of the plan sponsor, the amendments made by this section shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2013.

(B) CLOSED CLASSES OF PARTICIPANTS.—For purposes of paragraphs (1)(A)(iii), (1)(B)(iii)(IV), and (2)(A)(iv) of section 401(o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section), a closed class of participants shall be treated as being closed before September 21, 2016, if the plan sponsor's intention to create such closed class is reflected in formal written documents and communicated to participants before such date.

(C) CERTAIN POST-ENACTMENT PLAN AMENDMENTS.—A plan shall not be treated as failing to be eligible for the application of section 401(o)(1)(A), 401(o)(1)(B)(iii), or 401(a)(26) of such Code (as added by this section) to such plan solely because in the case of—

(i) such section 401(o)(1)(A), the plan was amended before the date of the enactment of this Act to eliminate 1 or more benefits, rights, or features, and is further amended after such date of enactment to provide such previously eliminated benefits, rights, or features to a closed class of participants, or

(ii) such section 401(o)(1)(B)(iii) or section 401(a)(26), the plan was amended before the date of the enactment of this Act to cease all benefit accruals, and is further amended after such date of enactment to provide benefit accruals to a closed class of participants.

Any such section shall only apply if the plan otherwise meets the requirements of such section and in applying such section, the date the class of participants is closed shall be the effective date of the later amendment.

(a) Flat rate premium.—Subparagraph (A) of section 4006(a)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(3)) is amended—

(1) in clause (i), by striking “plan,” and inserting “plan other than a CSEC plan (as defined in section 210(f)(1))”;

(2) in clause (v), by striking “or” at the end;

(3) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the end and inserting “, or”; and

(4) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(vii) in the case of a CSEC plan (as defined in section 210(f)(1)), for plan years beginning after December 31, 2017, for each individual who is a participant in such plan during the plan year an amount equal to the sum of—

“(I) the additional premium (if any) determined under subparagraph (E), and

“(II) $19.”.

(b) Variable rate premium.—

(1) UNFUNDED VESTED BENEFITS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (E) of section 4006(a)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(v) For purposes of clause (ii), in the case of a CSEC plan (as defined in section 210(f)(1)), the term ‘unfunded vested benefits’ means, for plan years beginning after December 31, 2017, the excess (if any) of—

“(I) the funding liability of the plan as determined under section 306(j)(5)(C) for the plan year by only taking into account vested benefits, over

“(II) the fair market value of plan assets for the plan year which are held by the plan on the valuation date.”.

(B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Clause (iii) of section 4006(a)(3)(E) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(3)(E)) is amended by striking “For purposes” and inserting “Except as provided in clause (v), for purposes”.

(2) APPLICABLE DOLLAR AMOUNT.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (8) of section 4006(a) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(E) CSEC PLANS.—In the case of a CSEC plan (as defined in section 210(f)(1)), the applicable dollar amount shall be $9.”.

(B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Subparagraph (A) of section 4006(a)(8) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(8)) is amended by striking “(B) and (C)” and inserting “(B), (C), and (E)”.

(a) In general.—Subsection (j)(3)(B) of section 7447 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

“(B) CONTRIBUTIONS FOR BENEFIT OF JUDGE.—No contributions under section 8432(c) of title 5, United States Code, shall be made for the benefit of a judge who has filed an election to receive retired pay under subsection (e).”.

(b) Offset.—Paragraph (3) of section 7447(j) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(F) OFFSET.—In the case of a judge who receives a distribution from the Thrift Savings Plan and who later receives retired pay under subsection (d), the retired pay shall be offset by an amount equal to the amount of the distribution which represents the Government’s contribution to the individual’s Thrift Savings Account during years of service as a full-time judicial officer under the Federal Employees Retirement System, without regard to earnings attributable to such amount. Where such an offset would exceed 50 percent of the retired pay to be received in the first year, the offset may be divided equally over the first 2 years in which the individual receives the annuity.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to basic pay earned while serving as a judge of the United States Tax Court on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Eligibility in case of death by assassination.—Subsection (h) of section 7448 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

“(h) Entitlement to annuity.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—

“(A) ANNUITY TO SURVIVING SPOUSE.—If a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court described in paragraph (2) is survived by a surviving spouse but not by a dependent child, there shall be paid to such surviving spouse an annuity beginning with the day of the death of the judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court or following the surviving spouse’s attainment of age 50, whichever is the later, in an amount computed as provided in subsection (m).

“(B) ANNUITY TO SURVIVING SPOUSE AND CHILD.—If a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court described in paragraph (2) is survived by a surviving spouse and dependent child or children, there shall be paid to such surviving spouse an annuity, beginning on the day of the death of the judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court, in an amount computed as provided in subsection (m), and there shall also be paid to or on behalf of each such child an immediate annuity equal to the lesser of—

“(i) 10 percent of the average annual salary of such judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court (determined in accordance with subsection (m)), or

“(ii) 20 percent of such average annual salary, divided by the number of such children.

“(C) ANNUITY TO SURVIVING DEPENDENT CHILDREN.—If a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court described in paragraph (2) leaves no surviving spouse but leaves a surviving dependent child or children, there shall be paid to or on behalf of each such child an immediate annuity equal to the lesser of—

“(i) 20 percent of the average annual salary of such judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court (determined in accordance with subsection (m)), or

“(ii) 40 percent of such average annual salary divided by the number of such children.

“(2) COVERED JUDGES.—Paragraph (1) applies to any judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court electing under subsection (b)—

“(A) who dies while a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court after having rendered at least 18 months of civilian service computed as prescribed in subsection (n), for the last 18 months of which the salary deductions provided for by subsection (c)(1) or the deposits required by subsection (d) have actually been made or the salary deductions required by the civil service retirement laws have actually been made, or

“(B) who dies by assassination after having rendered less than 18 months of civilian service computed as prescribed in subsection (n) if, for the period of such service, the salary deductions provided for by subsection (c)(1) or the deposits required by subsection (d) have actually been made.

“(3) TERMINATION OF ANNUITY.—

“(A) SURVIVING SPOUSE.—The annuity payable to a surviving spouse under this subsection shall be terminable upon such surviving spouse’s death or such surviving spouse’s remarriage before attaining age 55.

“(B) SURVIVING CHILD.—Any annuity payable to a child under this subsection shall be terminable upon the earliest of—

“(i) the child attainment of age 18,

“(ii) the child’s marriage, or

“(iii) the child’s death,

except that if such child is incapable of self-support by reason of mental or physical disability the child’s annuity shall be terminable only upon death, marriage, or recovery from such disability.

“(C) DEPENDENT CHILD AFTER DEATH OF SURVIVING SPOUSE.—In case of the death of a surviving spouse of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court leaving a dependent child or children of the judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court surviving such spouse, the annuity of such child or children shall be recomputed and paid as provided in paragraph (1)(C).

“(D) RECOMPUTATION WITH RESPECT TO OTHER DEPENDENT CHILDREN.—In any case in which the annuity of a dependent child is terminated under this subsection, the annuities of any remaining dependent child or children based upon the service of the same judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court shall be recomputed and paid as though the child whose annuity was so terminated had not survived such judge.

“(E) SPECIAL RULE FOR ASSASSINATED JUDGES.—In the case of a survivor of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court described in paragraph (2)(B), there shall be deducted from the annuities otherwise payable under this section an amount equal to the amount of salary deductions that would have been made if such deductions had been made for 18 months prior to the death of the judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court.”.

(b) Definition of assassination.—Section 7448(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(10) The terms ‘assassinated’ and ‘assassination’ mean the killing of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court that is motivated by the performance by the judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court of his or her official duties.”.

(c) Determination of assassination.—Subsection (i) of section 7448 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “of dependency and disability.—Questions” and inserting “by chief judge.—

“(1) DEPENDENCY AND DISABILITY.—Questions”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) ASSASSINATION.—The chief judge shall determine whether the killing of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court was an assassination, subject to review only by the Tax Court. The head of any Federal agency that investigates the killing of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court shall provide to the chief judge any information that would assist the chief judge in making such a determination.”.

(d) Computation of annuities.—Subsection (m) of section 7448 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “annuities.—The annuity” and inserting “annuities.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The annuity”;

(2) by striking “the sum of (1) 1.5 percent” and inserting “the sum of—

“(A) 1.5 percent”;

(3) by striking “and (2) three-fourths of 1 percent” and inserting “and

“(B) three-fourths of 1 percent”;

(4) by striking “prior allowable service, except that” and inserting “prior allowable service,

“except that”; and

(5) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) ASSASSINATED JUDGES AND MAGISTRATE JUDGES OF THE TAX COURT.—In the case of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court who is assassinated and who has served less than 18 months, the annuity of the surviving spouse of such judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court shall be based upon the average annual salary received by such judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court for judicial service.”.

(e) Other benefits.—Section 7448 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(u) Other benefits in case of assassination.—In the case of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court who is assassinated, an annuity shall be paid under this section notwithstanding a survivor’s eligibility for or receipt of benefits under chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code, except that the annuity for which a surviving spouse is eligible under this section shall be reduced to the extent that the total benefits paid under this section and chapter 81 of that title for any year would exceed the current salary for that year of the office of the judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court.”.

(a) Retirement.—Section 7447 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “section 8331(8)” in subsection (g)(2)(C) and inserting “sections 8331(8) and 8401(19)”; and

(2) by striking “Civil Service Commission” both places it appears in subsection (i)(2) and inserting “Office of Personnel Management”.

(b) Annuities to surviving spouses and dependent children.—Section 7448 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “section 8332” in subsection (d) and inserting “sections 8332 and 8411”; and

(2) by striking “section 8332” in subsection (n) and inserting “sections 8332 and 8411”.

(a) In general.—Section 7447 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(k) Teaching compensation of retired judges.—For purposes of the limitation under section 501(a) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), any compensation for teaching approved under section 502(a)(5) of such Act shall not be treated as outside earned income when received by a judge of the United States Tax Court who has retired under subsection (b) for teaching performed during any calendar year for which such a judge has met the requirements of subsection (c), as certified by the chief judge.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to any individual serving as a retired judge of the United States Tax Court on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Title of special trial judge changed to magistrate judge of the Tax Court.—The heading of section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “Special trial judges” and inserting “Magistrate judges of the Tax Court”.

(b) Appointment, tenure, and removal.—Subsection (a) of section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

“(a) Appointment, tenure, and removal.—

“(1) APPOINTMENT.—The chief judge may, from time to time, appoint and reappoint magistrate judges of the Tax Court for a term of 8 years. The magistrate judges of the Tax Court shall proceed under such rules as may be promulgated by the Tax Court.

“(2) REMOVAL.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), removal of a magistrate judge of the Tax Court during the term for which such magistrate judge is appointed shall be only for incompetency, misconduct, neglect of duty, or physical or mental disability. Removal shall not occur unless a majority of all the judges of the Tax Court concur in the order of removal. Before any order of removal shall be entered, a full specification of the charges shall be furnished to the magistrate judge of the Tax Court, and such magistrate judge shall be accorded by the judges of the Tax Court an opportunity to be heard on the charges.

“(B) TERMINATION OF OFFICE.—The office of a magistrate judge of the Tax Court shall be terminated if the judges of the Tax Court determine that the services performed by such magistrate judge of the Tax Court are no longer needed.”.

(c) Salary.—Subsection (d) of section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

“(d) Salary.—Each magistrate judge of the Tax Court shall receive salary—

“(1) at a rate equal to 92 percent of the rate for judges of the Tax Court, and

“(2) in the same installments as such judges.”.

(d) Exemption from Federal leave provisions.—Section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(f) Exemption from Federal leave provisions.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A magistrate judge of the Tax Court shall be exempt from the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code.

“(2) TREATMENT OF UNUSED LEAVE.—

“(A) AFTER SERVICE AS MAGISTRATE JUDGE OF THE TAX COURT.—If an individual who is exempted under paragraph (1) from the subchapter referred to in such paragraph was previously subject to such subchapter and, without a break in service, again becomes subject to such subchapter on completion of the individual’s service as a magistrate judge of the Tax Court, the unused annual leave and sick leave standing to the individual’s credit at the time such individual became a magistrate judge of the Tax Court is deemed to have remained to the individual’s credit.

“(B) COMPUTATION OF ANNUITY.—In computing an annuity under section 8339 or 8415 of title 5, United States Code, the total service of an individual specified in subparagraph (A) who retires on an immediate annuity or dies leaving a survivor or survivors entitled to an annuity includes, without regard to the limitations imposed by subsection (f) of section 8339 of such title 5, the days of unused sick leave standing to the individual’s credit at the time such individual became a magistrate judge of the Tax Court, except that such days will not be counted in determining average pay or annuity eligibility.

“(C) LUMP SUM PAYMENT.—Any accumulated and current accrued annual leave or vacation balances credited to a magistrate judge of the Tax Court as of the date of the enactment of this subsection shall be paid in a lump sum at the time of separation from service pursuant to the provisions and restrictions set forth in section 5551 of such title 5 and related provisions referred to in such section.”.

(e) Contempt authority.—Section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by this section, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(g) Incidental powers.—A magistrate judge of the Tax Court appointed under this section shall have the power to punish for contempt of the authority of the Tax Court as provided in section 7456(c), except the sentence imposed by such a magistrate judge of the Tax Court for any contempt shall not exceed the penalties for a Class C misdemeanor as set forth in sections 3571(b)(6) and 3581(b)(8) of title 18, United States Code. This subsection shall not be construed to limit the authority of a magistrate judge of the Tax Court to order sanctions under any other statute or any rule of the Tax Court prescribed pursuant to section 7453.”.

(f) Conforming amendments.—

(1) The heading of subsection (b) of section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “Special trial judges” and inserting “Magistrate judges of the Tax Court”.

(2) Subsection (b) of section 7443A of such Code is amended by striking “special trial judges of the court” and inserting “magistrate judges of the Tax Court”.

(3) Subsection (c) of section 7443A of such Code is amended by striking “special trial judge” and inserting “magistrate judge of the Tax Court”.

(4) Subsection (e) of section 7443A of such Code is amended by striking “special trial judges” and inserting “magistrate judges of the Tax Court”.

(5) The item relating to section 7443A in the table of sections for part I of subchapter C of chapter 76 of such Code is amended to read as follows:

“Sec. 7443A. Magistrate judges of the Tax Court.”.

(6) The heading of section 7448 of such Code is amended by striking “Special trial judges” and inserting “Magistrate judges of the Tax Court”.

(7) Section 7448 of such Code is amended—

(A) by striking “special trial judge's” each place it appears in subsections (a)(6), (c)(1), (d), and (m)(1) and inserting “magistrate judge of the Tax Court's”; and

(B) by striking “special trial judge” each place it appears other than in subsection (n) and inserting “magistrate judge of the Tax Court”.

(8) Subsection (n) of section 7448 of such Code is amended to read as follows:

“(n) Includible service.—Subject to the provisions of subsection (d), the years of service of a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court which are allowable as the basis for calculating the amount of the annuity of such judge or magistrate judge's surviving spouse shall include the judge or magistrate judge's years of service—

“(1) as a judge or magistrate judge of the Tax Court, a special trial judge of the Tax Court, or a judge of the Tax Court of the United States,

“(2) pursuant to any appointment under section 7443A,

“(3) as a Senator, Representative, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner in Congress,

“(4) as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States (not including any service for which credit is allowed for purposes of retirement or retired pay under any other provision of law), and

“(5) in any other civilian service within the purview of section 8332 of title 5, United States Code.

For purposes of paragraph (4), not more than 5 years of service shall be taken into account.”.

(9) The item relating to section 7448 in the table of sections for part I of subchapter C of chapter 76 of such Code is amended to read as follows:

“Sec. 7448. Annuities to surviving spouses and dependent children of judges and magistrate judges of the Tax Court.”.

(10) Subsection (a) of section 7456 of such Code is amended—

(A) by striking “special trial judge” each place it appears and inserting “magistrate judge”; and

(B) by striking “(or by the clerk” and inserting “of the Tax Court (or by the clerk”.

(11) Subsection (a) of section 7466 of such Code is amended by striking “special trial judge” and inserting “magistrate judge”.

(12) Section 7470A of such Code is amended by striking “special trial judges” both places it appears in subsections (a) and (b) and inserting “magistrate judges”.

(13) Subparagraph (A) of section 7471(a)(2) of such Code is amended by striking “special trial judges” and inserting “magistrate judges”.

(14) Subsection (c) of section 7471 of such Code is amended—

(A) by striking “Special trial judges” in the heading and inserting “Magistrate judges of the Tax Court”; and

(B) by striking “special trial judges” and inserting “magistrate judges”.

(g) Effective date.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to individuals serving as special trial judges of the United States Tax Court on or after the day before the date of enactment of this Act.

(2) APPOINTMENT SAVINGS PROVISION.—Any individual serving as a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court as of the day before the date of the enactment of this Act shall be considered to have been appointed as a magistrate judge of the Tax Court under section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on such date of enactment, and service as a special trial judge of the Tax Court before such date of enactment shall be considered to be service as a magistrate judge of the Tax Court for purposes of any provision of law relating to length of service.

Section 7472 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “its judges” in the second sentence and inserting “the judges and magistrate judges of the Tax Court”.

(a) Retirement and annuity program.—Part I of subchapter C of chapter 76 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after section 7443A the following new section:

(b) Conforming amendments.—

(1) Section 3121(b)(5)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting “or magistrate judge” before “of the United States Tax Court”.

(2) Section 210(a)(5)(E) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 410(a)(5)(E)) is amended by inserting “or a magistrate judge of the Tax Court who files an election under section 7443B(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986” after “of the United States Tax Court”.

(3) Section 7448(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

“(2) MAGISTRATE JUDGES OF THE TAX COURT.—Any magistrate judge of the Tax Court may by written election filed with the chief judge bring himself or herself within the purview of this section. Such election shall be filed while such individual is a magistrate judge of the Tax Court.”.

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for part I of subchapter C of chapter 76 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 7443A the following new item:

“Sec. 7443B. Retirement for magistrate judges of the Tax Court.”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—Part I of subchapter C of chapter 76 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by section 307, is amended by inserting after section 7443B the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for part I of subchapter C of chapter 76 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by section 307, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 7443B the following new item:

“Sec. 7443C. Recall of magistrate judges of the Tax Court.”.

(a) Increase in dollar limitation on qualified payments.—Subparagraph (B) of section 139B(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “$30” and inserting “$50”.

(b) Extension.—Subsection (d) of section 139B of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “beginning after December 31, 2010.” and inserting “beginning—

“(1) after December 31, 2010, and before January 1, 2019, or

“(2) after December 31, 2019.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

(a) Modification of rules where employee dies before entire distribution.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(H) SPECIAL RULES FOR CERTAIN DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of distributions from a defined contribution plan, a trust forming part of such plan shall not constitute a qualified trust under this section unless the plan provides that, if—

“(I) an employee dies before the distribution of the employee's interest (whether or not such distribution has begun in accordance with subparagraph (A)), and

“(II) the aggregate account balances to the credit of the employee under all defined contribution plans, determined as of the date of the employee's death, exceeds $450,000,

so much of the entire interest of the employee as exceeds the dollar amount in subclause (II) will be distributed within 5 years after the death of such employee.

“(ii) ALLOCATION OF LIMITATION.—If an employee has an account under more than 1 defined contribution plan, the $450,000 amount under clause (i)(II) shall be allocated among all such plans, as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, for purposes of applying clause (i).

“(iii) TREATMENT OF REMAINING AMOUNT.—The portion of the employee's interest distributed under clause (i) shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the rapidity or the method of distribution of any portion of the interest of the employee to which clause (i) does not apply.

“(iv) MULTIPLE BENEFICIARIES.—In the case of an employee who has more than 1 beneficiary, the amount of the portion required to be distributed under clause (i) which shall be treated as payable to (or for the benefit of) such beneficiary is the amount which bears the same ratio to the total amount of such portion as—

“(I) the portion of the employee's entire interest (determined as of the date of the employee's death) which is payable to (or for the benefit of) such beneficiary, bears to

“(II) the amount of the employee's entire interest (so determined).

“(v) EXCEPTION FOR ELIGIBLE DESIGNATED BENEFICIARIES.—If—

“(I) any portion of the employee's interest is payable to (or for the benefit of) an eligible designated beneficiary,

“(II) such portion will be distributed (in accordance with regulations) over the life of such eligible designated beneficiary (or over a period not extending beyond the life expectancy of such beneficiary), and

“(III) such distributions begin not later than 1 year after the date of the employee's death or such later date as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe,

for purposes of clause (i), the portion referred to in subclause (I) shall be treated as distributed on the date on which such distributions begin.

“(vi) SPECIAL RULE FOR SURVIVING SPOUSE OF EMPLOYEE.—If the eligible designated beneficiary is the surviving spouse of the employee—

“(I) the date on which the distributions are required to begin under clause (v)(III) shall not be earlier than the date on which the employee would have attained age 70¹⁄2 , and

“(II) if the surviving spouse dies before the distributions to such spouse begin, this subparagraph shall be applied as if the surviving spouse were the employee.

“(vii) RULES UPON DEATH OF ELIGIBLE DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY.—If an eligible designated beneficiary dies before the portion of the employee's interest to which clause (i) applies which is payable to (or for the benefit of) such eligible designated beneficiary is entirely distributed, the exception under clause (v) shall not apply to any beneficiary of such eligible designated beneficiary and the remainder of such portion shall be distributed within 5 years after the death of such beneficiary.

“(viii) COORDINATION WITH INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT PLANS.—For purposes of applying the provisions of this subparagraph and subsections (a)(6) and (b)(3) of section 408, individual retirement plans shall be treated as defined contribution plans in determining the aggregate account balances to the credit of the employee under all defined contribution plans and the amount required to be distributed to each beneficiary under such provisions.”.

(2) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY.—Section 401(a)(9)(E) of such Code is amended to read as follows:

“(E) DEFINITIONS AND RULES RELATING TO DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY.—For purposes of this paragraph—

“(i) DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY.—The term ‘designated beneficiary’ means any individual designated as a beneficiary by the employee.

“(ii) ELIGIBLE DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY.—The term ‘eligible designated beneficiary’ means, with respect to any employee, any designated beneficiary who is—

“(I) the surviving spouse of the employee,

“(II) subject to clause (iii), a child of the employee who has not reached majority (within the meaning of subparagraph (F)),

“(III) disabled (within the meaning of section 72(m)(7)),

“(IV) a chronically ill individual (within the meaning of section 7702B(c)(2), except that the requirements of subparagraph (A)(i) thereof shall only be treated as met if there is a certification that, as of such date, the period of inability described in such subparagraph with respect to the individual is an indefinite one which is reasonably expected to be lengthy in nature), or

“(V) an individual not described in any of the preceding subclauses who is not more than 10 years younger than the employee.

“(iii) SPECIAL RULE FOR CHILDREN.—Subject to subparagraph (F), an individual described in clause (ii)(II) shall cease to be an eligible designated beneficiary as of the date the individual reaches majority and any remainder of the portion of the interest described in subparagraph (H)(v) shall be distributed within 5 years after such date.

“(iv) TIME FOR DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBLE DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY.—The determination of whether a designated beneficiary is an eligible designated beneficiary shall be made as of the date of death of the employee.”.

(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—

(A) Clause (ii) of section 401(a)(9)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “A trust” and inserting “Except as provided in subparagraph (H), a trust”.

(B) Section 402(c)(11)(A)(iii) of such Code is amended by striking “section 401(a)(9)(B) (other than clause (iv) thereof)” and inserting “subparagraphs (B) (other than clause (iv) thereof) and (H) (other than clause (vi) thereof) of section 401(a)(9)”.

(4) EFFECTIVE DATES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in this paragraph and paragraphs (5) and (6), the amendments made by this subsection shall apply to distributions with respect to employees who die after December 31, 2018.

(B) COLLECTIVE BARGAINING EXCEPTION.—In the case of a plan maintained pursuant to 1 or more collective bargaining agreements between employee representatives and 1 or more employers ratified before the date of enactment of this Act, the amendments made by this subsection shall apply to distributions with respect to employees who die in calendar years beginning after the earlier of—

(i) the later of—

(I) the date on which the last of such collective bargaining agreements terminates (determined without regard to any extension thereof agreed to on or after the date of the enactment of this Act); or

(II) December 31, 2018; or

(ii) December 31, 2020.

For purposes of clause (i)(I), any plan amendment made pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement relating to the plan which amends the plan solely to conform to any requirement added by this section shall not be treated as a termination of such collective bargaining agreement.

(C) GOVERNMENTAL PLANS.—In the case of a governmental plan (as defined in section 414(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting “December 31, 2020” for “December 31, 2018”.

(5) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN EXISTING ANNUITY CONTRACTS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by this subsection shall not apply to a qualified annuity which is a binding annuity contract in effect on the date of enactment of this Act and at all times thereafter.

(B) QUALIFIED ANNUITY.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term “qualified annuity” means, with respect to an employee, an annuity—

(i) which is a commercial annuity (as defined in section 3405(e)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986);

(ii) under which the annuity payments are made over the life of the employee or over the joint lives of such employee and a designated beneficiary (or over a period not extending beyond the life expectancy of such employee or the joint life expectancy of such employee and a designated beneficiary) in accordance with the regulations described in section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) of such Code (as in effect before such amendments) and which meets the other requirements of section 401(a)(9) of such Code (as so in effect) with respect to such payments; and

(iii) with respect to which—

(I) annuity payments to the employee have begun before the date of enactment of this Act, and the employee has made an irrevocable election before such date as to the method and amount of the annuity payments to the employee or any designated beneficiaries; or

(II) if subclause (I) does not apply, the employee has made an irrevocable election before the date of enactment of this Act as to the method and amount of the annuity payments to the employee or any designated beneficiaries.

(6) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN BENEFICIARIES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—If an employee dies before the effective date, then, in applying the amendments made by this subsection to such employee's designated beneficiary who dies after such date—

(i) such amendments shall apply to any beneficiary of such designated beneficiary; and

(ii) the designated beneficiary shall be treated as an eligible designated beneficiary for purposes of applying section 401(a)(9)(H)(iv) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as in effect after such amendments).

(B) EFFECTIVE DATE.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term “effective date” means the first day of the first calendar year to which the amendments made by this subsection apply to a plan with respect to employees dying on or after such date.

(b) Provisions relating to plan amendments.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—If this subsection applies to any plan amendment—

(A) such plan shall be treated as being operated in accordance with the terms of the plan during the period described in paragraph (2)(B)(i); and

(B) except as provided by the Secretary of the Treasury, such plan shall not fail to meet the requirements of section 411(d)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and section 204(g) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 by reason of such amendment.

(2) AMENDMENTS TO WHICH SUBSECTION APPLIES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—This subsection shall apply to any amendment to any plan or which is made—

(i) pursuant to any amendment made by this section or pursuant to any regulation issued by the Secretary of the Treasury under this section or such amendments; and

(ii) on or before the last day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2020, or such later date as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe.

In the case of a governmental or collectively bargained plan to which subparagraph (B) or (C) of subsection (a)(4) applies, clause (ii) shall be applied by substituting the date which is 2 years after the date otherwise applied under such clause.

(B) CONDITIONS.—This subsection shall not apply to any amendment unless—

(i) during the period—

(I) beginning on the date the legislative or regulatory amendment described in paragraph (1)(A) takes effect (or in the case of a plan amendment not required by such legislative or regulatory amendment, the effective date specified by the plan); and

(II) ending on the date described in subparagraph (A)(ii) (or, if earlier, the date the plan amendment is adopted),

the plan is operated as if such plan amendment were in effect; and

(ii) such plan amendment applies retroactively for such period.

(a) In general.—The second sentence of subsection (a) of section 6651 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “$205” and inserting “$400”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to returns the due date for which (including extensions) is after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Subsection (e) of section 6652 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “$25” and inserting “$100”; and

(2) by striking “$15,000” and inserting “$50,000”.

(b) Annual registration statement and notification of changes.—Subsection (d) of section 6652 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “$1” both places it appears in paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting “$2”;

(2) by striking “$5,000” in paragraph (1) and inserting “$10,000”; and

(3) by striking “$1,000” in paragraph (2) and inserting “$5,000”.

(c) Failure To provide notice.—Subsection (h) of section 6652 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “$10” and inserting “$100”; and

(2) by striking “$5,000” and inserting “$50,000”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to returns, statements, and notifications required to be filed, and notices required to be provided, after December 31, 2018.

(a) In general.—Section 6103(o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(3) TAXES IMPOSED BY SECTION 4481.—Returns and return information with respect to taxes imposed by section 4481 shall be open to inspection by or disclosure to officers and employees of United States Customs and Border Protection of the Department of Homeland Security whose official duties require such inspection or disclosure for purposes of administering such section.”.

(b) Conforming amendments.—Paragraph (4) of section 6103(p) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “or (o)(1)(A)” each place it appears and inserting “, (o)(1)(A), or (o)(3)”.

Notwithstanding section 4007(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1307(a)) and section 4007.11 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, any additional premium determined under subparagraph (E) of section 4006(a)(3) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(3)) the due date for which is (but for this section) after September 30, 2027, and before June 1, 2028, shall be due not later than September 30, 2027.