(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Prison Reform and Redemption Act”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

(a) In general.—The Attorney General shall carry out this section in consultation with—

(1) the Director of the Bureau of Prisons;

(2) the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts;

(3) the Director of the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services;

(4) the Director of the National Institute of Justice; and

(5) the Director of the National Institute of Corrections.

(b) Duties.—The Attorney General shall, in accordance with subsection (c)—

(1) develop a prisoner risk and needs assessment system in accordance with section 102;

(2) develop recommendations regarding recidivism reduction programs and productive activities in accordance with section 103;

(3) conduct ongoing research and data analysis on—

(A) the best practices relating to the use of prisoner risk and needs assessment tools;

(B) the best available risk and needs assessment tools and the level to which they rely on dynamic risk factors that could be addressed and changed over time, and on measures of risk of recidivism, individual needs, and responsivity to recidivism reduction programs;

(C) the most effective and efficient uses of such tools in conjunction with recidivism reduction programs, productive activities, incentives, and rewards;

(D) which recidivism reduction programs are the most effective for addressing the different risks and specific criminogenic needs of prisoners, and the volume and intensity of programming that most effectively reduces the risk of recidivism for prisoners with different risks of recidivating;

(E) which prerelease custody options are most effective for prisoners with different risks of recidivating; and

(F) products purchased by Federal agencies that are manufactured overseas and could be manufactured by prisoners participating in a prison work program without reducing job opportunities for other workers in the United States;

(4) on a biennial basis, review the system developed under paragraph (1) and the recommendations developed under paragraph (2), using the research conducted under paragraph (3), to determine whether any revisions or updates should be made, and if so, make such revisions or updates;

(5) hold periodic meetings with the individuals listed in subsection (a) at intervals to be determined by the Attorney General; and

(6) report to Congress in accordance with section 104.

(c) Methods.—In carrying out the duties under subsection (b), the Attorney General shall—

(1) consult relevant stakeholders; and

(2) make decisions using data that is based on the best available statistical and empirical evidence.

(a) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall develop and release, for use by the Bureau of Prisons in accordance with the phase-in period described in section 3621(b)(2) of title 18, United States Code, as added by this Act, a prisoner risk and needs assessment system, to be known as the “Post-Sentencing Risk and Needs Assessment System” (referred to in this Act as the “System”), which shall provide for the development and implementation of risk and needs assessment tools (developed under subsection (b)) in order to, for each prisoner—

(1) determine the recidivism risk of each prisoner as part of the intake process, ensuring that the recidivism risk metric distinguishes the different rates of failure;

(2) assign the prisoner to appropriate recidivism reduction programs or productive activities based on that determination, the prisoner’s specific criminogenic needs, and in accordance with subsection (c);

(3) reassess the recidivism risk of each prisoner periodically using an appropriate reassessment tool described in subsection (b)(1)(B), and reassign the prisoner to appropriate recidivism reduction programs or productive activities based on the revised determination, the specific criminogenic needs of the prisoner, and the successful completion of recidivism reduction programs in accordance with subsection (e); and

(4) determine when a prisoner is ready to transfer into prerelease custody in accordance with section 3624(g) of title 18, United States Code, as added by this title.

(b) Risk and needs assessment tools.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall—

(A) adapt the Federal Post Conviction Risk Assessment Tool developed and utilized by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in order to develop suitable risk and needs assessment tools to be used in the System developed under subsection (a) by using the research and data analysis required to be conducted under section 101(b)(3) on the best available risk and needs assessment tools available as of the date of the enactment of this Act, and determining, using the methods required under section 101(c), how to make the most effective and efficient tools to accomplish for each prisoner, the assessments, assignments, and reassessments described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a); and

(B) ensure that the risk and needs assessment tool to be used in the reassessments described in subsection (a)(3) measures and uses dynamic risk factors, indicators of progress, and of regression, including newly acquired skills and changes in attitude and behavior over time.

(2) VALIDATION ON PRISONERS.—In carrying out this subsection, the Attorney General shall statistically validate any tools that the Attorney General selects for use in the System on the Federal prison population, or ensure that the tools have been so validated.

(3) EVALUATION.—The Attorney General shall ensure that the System does not result in unwarranted disparities, including by—

(A) annually evaluating rates of recidivism among similarly classified prisoners to identify any unwarranted disparities in such rates, including disparities among similarly classified prisoners of different demographic groups; and

(B) adjusting the System to reduce such disparities to the greatest extent possible.

(c) Assignment of recidivism reduction programs.—The System shall provide guidance on the kind and amount of recidivism reduction programming or productive activities that should be assigned for each prisoner and shall provide—

(1) that the higher a prisoner’s risk of recidivating, the more programming the prisoner shall participate in, according to the prisoner’s specific criminogenic needs;

(2) information on the best ways that the Bureau of Prisons can tailor the programs to the specific criminogenic needs of each prisoner so as to best lower each prisoner’s risk of recidivating; and

(3) that all prisoners shall actively participate in recidivism reduction programs, according to their specific criminogenic needs, or productive activities throughout their entire term of incarceration.

(d) Housing and assignment decisions.—The System shall provide guidance on program grouping and housing assignment determinations and, after accounting for the safety of each prisoner and other individuals at the prison, provide that prisoners with a similar risk of recidivating be grouped together in housing and assignment decisions to the extent practicable.

(e) Recidivism reduction program and productive activity incentives and rewards.—The System shall provide incentives and rewards for prisoners to participate in and complete recidivism reduction programs and productive activities as follows:

(1) FAMILY PHONE AND VISITATION PRIVILEGES.—A prisoner who is successfully participating in a recidivism reduction program or a productive activity shall receive, for use with family (including extended family), close friends, mentors, and religious leaders—

(A) phone privileges, or, if available, video conferencing privileges, for up to 30 minutes per day, and up to 900 minutes per month; and

(B) additional time for visitation at the prison, as determined by the warden of the prison.

(2) TIME CREDITS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—A prisoner shall earn 10 days of time credits for each 30 days that the prisoner successfully participates in a recidivism reduction program or productive activity, except that—

(i) a prisoner (other than a prisoner described in clause (ii)) who has been determined, over two consecutive reassessments, to have reduced their risk of recidivism, shall earn an additional 5 days of time credits for each 30 days that the prisoner successfully participates in a recidivism reduction program or productive activity; and

(ii) a prisoner who has a low or no risk of recidivism and who has been determined, over two consecutive reassessments, not to have increased their risk of recidivism, shall earn an additional 5 days of time credits for each 30 days that the prisoner successfully participates in a recidivism reduction program or productive activity.

(B) AVAILABILITY.—A prisoner may not earn time credits under this paragraph for a recidivism reduction program or productive activity that the prisoner successfully participated in—

(i) prior to the date of the enactment of this Act; or

(ii) during official detention prior to the date that the prisoner’s sentence commences under section 3585(a) of title 18, United States Code, if the prisoner becomes ineligible to receive time credits under subparagraph (C).

(C) INELIGIBLE PRISONERS.—A prisoner serving a sentence as a result of a conviction for an offense under any of the following provisions of law shall be ineligible to receive time credits:

(i) Section 113(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, relating to assault with intent to commit murder.

(ii) Section 115 of title 18, United States Code, relating to influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by injuring a family member, except for a threat made in violation of that section.

(iii) Any section of chapter 10 of title 18, United States Code, relating to biological weapons.

(iv) Any section of chapter 11B of title 18, United States Code, relating to chemical weapons.

(v) Section 351 of title 18, United States Code, relating to Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court assassination, kidnapping, and assault.

(vi) Section 793 of title 18, United States Code, relating to gathering, transmitting, or losing defense information.

(vii) Section 794 of title 18, United States Code, relating to gathering or delivering defense information to aid a foreign government.

(viii) Any section of chapter 39, United States Code, relating to explosives and other dangerous articles, except for section 836 (relating to the transportation of fireworks into a State prohibiting sale or use).

(ix) Section 842(p) of title 18, United States Code, relating to distribution of information relating to explosive, destructive devices, and weapons of mass destruction, but only if the conviction involved a weapon of mass destruction (as defined in section 2332a(c)(2) of such title).

(x) Subsection (f)(3), (h), or (i) of section 844 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the use of fire or an explosive.

(xi) Section 924(e) of title 18, United States Code, relating to unlawful possession of a firearm by a person with 3 or more convictions for a violent felony or a serious drug offense.

(xii) Section 1030(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, relating to fraud and related activity in connection with computers.

(xiii) Any section of chapter 51 of title 18, United States Code, relating to homicide, except for section 1112 (relating to manslaughter), 1113 (relating to attempt to commit murder or manslaughter, but only if the conviction was for an attempt to commit manslaughter), 1115 (relating to misconduct or neglect of ship officers), or 1122 (relating to protection against the human immunodeficiency virus).

(xiv) Any section of chapter 55 of title 18, United States Code, relating to kidnapping.

(xv) Any offense under chapter 77 of title 18, United States Code, relating to peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons, except for sections 1592 through 1596.

(xvi) Section 1751 of title 18, United States Code, relating to Presidential and Presidential staff assassination, kidnapping, and assault.

(xvii) Section 1841(a)(2)(C) of title 18, United States Code, relating to intentionally killing or attempting to kill an unborn child.

(xviii) Section 1992 of title 18, United States Code, relating to terrorist attacks and other violence against railroad carriers and against mass transportation systems on land, on water, or through the air.

(xix) Section 2113(e) of title 18, United States Code, relating to bank robbery resulting in death.

(xx) Section 2118(c)(2) of title 18, United States Code, relating to robberies and burglaries involving controlled substances resulting in death.

(xxi) Section 2119(3) of title 18, United States Code, relating to taking a motor vehicle (commonly referred to as “carjacking”) that results in death.

(xxii) Any section of chapter 105 of title 18, United States Code, relating to sabotage, except for section 2152.

(xxiii) Any section of chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code, relating to sexual abuse, except that with regard to section 2244 of such title, only a conviction under subsection (c) of that section (relating to abusive sexual contact involving young children) shall make a prisoner ineligible under this subparagraph.

(xxiv) Section 2251 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the sexual exploitation of children.

(xxv) Section 2251A of title 18, United States Code, relating to the selling or buying of children.

(xxvi) Any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 2252(a) of title 18, United States Code, relating to certain activities relating to material involving the sexual exploitation of minors.

(xxvii) A second or subsequent conviction under any of paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 2252A(a) of title 18, United States Code, relating to certain activities relating to material constituting or containing child pornography.

(xxviii) Section 2260 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation into the United States.

(xxix) Section 2283 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the transportation of explosive, biological, chemical, or radioactive or nuclear materials.

(xxx) Section 2284 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the transportation of terrorists.

(xxxi) Section 2291 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the destruction of a vessel or maritime facility, but only if the conduct which led to the conviction involved a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury.

(xxxii) Any section of chapter 113B of title 18, United States Code, relating to terrorism.

(xxxiii) Section 2340A of title 18, United States Code, relating to torture.

(xxxiv) Section 2381 of title 18, United States Code, relating to treason.

(xxxv) Section 2442 of title 18, United States Code, relating to the recruitment or use of child soldiers.

(xxxvi) Section 57(b) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2077(b)), relating to the engagement or participation in the development or production of special nuclear material.

(xxxvii) Section 92 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2122), relating to prohibitions governing atomic weapons.

(xxxviii) Section 101 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2131), relating to the atomic energy license requirement.

(xxxix) Section 224 or 225 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275), relating to the communication or receipt of restricted data.

(xl) Section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284), relating to the sabotage of nuclear facilities or fuel.

(xli) Section 60123(b) of title 49, United States Code, relating to damaging or destroying a pipeline facility, but only if the conduct which led to the conviction involved a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury.

(xlii) Section 401(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841), relating to manufacturing or distributing a controlled substance, but only in the case of a conviction for an offense described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of subsection (b)(1) of that section for which death or serious bodily injury resulted from the use of such substance.

(xliii) Section 276(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1326), relating to the reentry of a removed alien, but only if the alien is described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) of that section.

(xliv) Any section of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.).

(xlv) Section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705).

(xlvi) Section 601 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3121), relating to the protection of identities of certain United States undercover intelligence officers, agents, informants, and sources.

(xlvii) An offense described in section 3559(c)(2)(F) of title 18, United States Code, for which the offender was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of more than one year, if the offender has a previous conviction, for which the offender served a term of imprisonment of more than one year, for a Federal or State offense, by whatever designation and wherever committed, consisting of murder (as described in section 1111 of title 18, United States Code), voluntary manslaughter (as described in section 1112 of title 18, United States Code), assault with intent to commit murder (as described in section 113(a) of title 18, United States Code), aggravated sexual abuse and sexual abuse (as described in sections 2241 and 2242 of title 18, United States Code), abusive sexual contact (as described in sections 2244(a)(1) and (a)(2) of title 18, United States Code), kidnapping (as described in chapter 55 of title 18, United States Code), carjacking (as described in section 2119 of title 18, United States Code), arson (as described in section 844(f)(3), (h), or (i) of title 18, United States Code), or terrorism (as described in chapter 113B of title 18, United States Code).

(xlviii) A third or subsequent conviction for a drug trafficking offense, unless the prisoner did not have a meaningful opportunity to participate in the recidivism reduction programming described in this title for one of the previous convictions.

(3) RISK REASSESSMENTS AND LEVEL ADJUSTMENT.—A prisoner who successfully participates in recidivism reduction programming or productive activities shall receive periodic risk reassessments not less than annually, and prisoners determined to be at a greater risk of recidivating and who have less than 5 years until their projected release date shall receive more frequent risk reassessments. If the reassessment shows that the prisoner’s risk of recidivating or specific needs have changed, the Bureau of Prisons shall update the determination of the prisoner’s risk of recidivating or information regarding the prisoner’s specific needs and reassign the prisoner to appropriate recidivism reduction programming or productive activities based on such changes.

(4) RELATION TO OTHER INCENTIVE PROGRAMS.—The incentives described in this subsection shall be in addition to any other rewards or incentives for which a prisoner may be eligible.

(f) Penalties.—The System shall provide guidelines for the Bureau of Prisons to reduce rewards and incentives earned under subsection (e) for prisoners who violate prison, recidivism reduction program, or productive activity rules, which shall provide—

(1) general levels of violations and resulting reductions;

(2) that any reduction that includes the forfeiture of time credits shall be limited to time credits that a prisoner earned as of the date of the prisoner’s rule violation, and shall not include any future time credits that the prisoner may earn; and

(3) guidelines for the Bureau of Prisons to establish a procedure to restore time credits that a prisoner forfeited as a result of a rule violation based on the prisoner’s individual progress after the date of the rule violation.

(g) Bureau of Prisons Training.—The Attorney General shall develop training programs for Bureau of Prisons officials and employees responsible for administering the System, which shall include—

(1) initial training to educate employees and officials on how to use the System in an appropriate and consistent manner, as well as the reasons for using the System;

(2) continuing education; and

(3) periodic training updates.

(h) Quality assurance.—In order to ensure that the Bureau of Prisons is using the System in an appropriate and consistent manner, the Attorney General shall monitor and assess the use of the System, which shall include conducting annual audits of the Bureau of Prisons regarding the use of the System.

The Attorney General shall—

(1) review the effectiveness of recidivism reduction programs and productive activities that exist as of the date of the enactment of this title in prisons operated by the Bureau of Prisons;

(2) review available information regarding the effectiveness of recidivism reduction programs and productive activities that exist in State-operated prisons throughout the United States;

(3) using evidence-based data, identify the most effective recidivism reduction programs;

(4) review the administrative process for entering into recidivism reduction partnerships described in section 3621(h)(5) of title 18, United States Code, as added by this title; and

(5) make recommendations to the Bureau of Prisons regarding—

(A) the expansion of programming and activity capacity and the replication of effective programs and activities described in paragraph (1); and

(B) the addition of any new effective programs and activities that the Attorney General finds, using the methods described in section 101(c), would help to reduce recidivism.

Beginning on the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for a period of 7 years, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives and the Subcommittees on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives that contains the following:

(1) A summary of the activities and accomplishments of the Attorney General in carrying out this Act.

(2) A summary and assessment of the types and effectiveness of the recidivism reduction programs and productive activities in prisons operated by the Bureau of Prisons, including—

(A) evidence about which programs and activities have been shown to reduce recidivism;

(B) the capacity of each program and activity at each prison, including the number of prisoners along with the recidivism risk of each prisoner enrolled in each program; and

(C) identification of any gaps or shortages in capacity of such programs and activities.

(3) Rates of recidivism among individuals who have been released from Federal prison, based on the following criteria:

(A) The primary offense charged.

(B) The length of the sentence imposed and served.

(C) The Bureau of Prisons facility or facilities in which the prisoner’s sentence was served.

(D) The recidivism reduction programming that the prisoner successfully completed, if any.

(E) The prisoner’s assessed and reassessed risk of recidivism.

(4) The status of prison work programs at facilities operated by the Bureau of Prisons, including—

(A) a strategy to expand the availability of such programs without reducing job opportunities for workers in the United States who are not in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons, including the feasibility of prisoners manufacturing products purchased by Federal agencies that are manufactured overseas;

(B) an assessment of the feasibility of expanding such programs, consistent with the strategy required under subparagraph (A), with the goal that 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, not less than 75 percent of eligible lower-risk offenders have the opportunity to participate in a prison work program for not less than 20 hours per week; and

(C) a detailed discussion of legal authorities that would be useful or necessary to achieve the goals described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(5) An assessment of the Bureau of Prisons’ compliance with section 3621(h) of title 18, United States Code.

(6) An assessment of progress made toward carrying out the purposes of this title, including any savings associated with—

(A) the transfer of prisoners into prerelease custody under section 3624(g) of title 18, United States Code, as added by this title, including savings resulting from the avoidance or deferral of future construction, acquisition, and operations costs; and

(B) any decrease in recidivism that may be attributed to the implementation of the System or the increase in recidivism reduction programs and productive activities required by this title and the amendments made by this title.

(7) Recommendations for how to reinvest any savings into other Federal, State, and local law enforcement activities and expansions of recidivism reduction programs and productive activities in the Bureau of Prisons.

(a) Implementation of system generally.—Section 3621 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(h) Post-Sentencing risk and needs assessment system.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the Attorney General completes and releases the Post-Sentencing Risk and Needs Assessment System (referred to in this subsection as the ‘System’) developed under the Prison Reform and Redemption Act, the Bureau of Prisons shall—

“(A) implement and complete the initial intake risk and needs assessment for each prisoner, regardless of the prisoner’s length of imposed term of imprisonment, and begin to assign prisoners to appropriate recidivism reduction programs or productive activities based on that determination, in accordance with section 102 of that Act;

“(B) begin to expand the effective recidivism reduction programs and productive activities it offers and add any new recidivism reduction programs and productive activities necessary to effectively implement the System, and in accordance with the recommendations made by the Attorney General under section 103 of that Act and with paragraph (2); and

“(C) begin to implement the other risk and needs assessment tools necessary to effectively implement the System over time, as prisoners are participating in and completing the effective recidivism reduction programs and productive activities, and in accordance with section 102 of that Act.

“(2) PHASE-IN.—In order to carry out paragraph (1), so that every prisoner has the opportunity to participate in and complete the kind and amount of recidivism reduction programming or productive activities they need, and be reassessed for recidivism risk as necessary to effectively implement the System and that the Attorney General recommends, the Bureau of Prisons shall, subject to the availability of appropriations—

“(A) provide such recidivism reduction programs and productive activities—

“(i) for not less than 20 percent of prisoners before the date that is one year after the date on which the Bureau of Prisons completes the risk and needs assessments under paragraph (1)(A);

“(ii) for not less than 40 percent of prisoners before the date that is 2 years after the date on which the Bureau of Prisons completes the risk and needs assessments under paragraph (1)(A);

“(iii) for not less than 60 percent of prisoners before the date that is 3 years after the date on which the Bureau of Prisons completes the risk and needs assessments under paragraph (1)(A);

“(iv) for not less than 80 percent of prisoners before the date that is 4 years after the date on which the Bureau of Prisons completes the risk and needs assessments under paragraph (1)(A); and

“(v) for all prisoners before the date that is 5 years after the date on which the Bureau of Prisons completes a risk and needs assessment for each prisoner under paragraph (1)(A) and thereafter; and

“(B) develop and validate the risk and needs assessment tool to be used in the reassessments of recidivism risk over time during the phase-in, as prisoners are participating in and completing recidivism reduction programs and productive activities, and in accordance with section 102 of the Prison Reform and Redemption Act.

“(3) PRIORITY DURING PHASE-IN.—During the phase-in period described in paragraph (2), the priority for such programs and activities shall be accorded based on a prisoner’s proximity to release date.

“(4) PRELIMINARY EXPANSION OF RECIDIVISM REDUCTION PROGRAMS AND AUTHORITY TO USE INCENTIVES.—Beginning on the date of the enactment of the Prison Reform and Redemption Act, the Bureau of Prisons may begin to expand any recidivism reduction programs and productive activities that exist at a prison as of such date, and may offer to prisoners who successfully participate in such programming and activities the incentives and rewards described in section 103(e) of such Act.

“(5) RECIDIVISM REDUCTION PARTNERSHIPS.—In order to expand recidivism reduction programs and productive activities, the Bureau of Prisons shall develop policies for the warden of each prison to enter into partnerships, subject to the availability of appropriations, with any of the following:

“(A) Nonprofit and other private organizations, including faith-based, art, and community-based organizations that will deliver recidivism reduction programming on a paid or volunteer basis.

“(B) Institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001) that will deliver instruction on a paid or volunteer basis.

“(C) Private entities that will—

“(i) deliver vocational training and certifications;

“(ii) provide equipment to facilitate vocational training or employment opportunities for prisoners;

“(iii) employ prisoners; or

“(iv) assist prisoners in prerelease custody or supervised release in finding employment.

“(D) Industry-sponsored organizations that will deliver workforce development and training, on a paid or volunteer basis.

“(6) DEFINITIONS.—The terms in this subsection have the meaning given those terms in section 106 of the Prison Reform and Redemption Act.”.

(b) Prerelease custody.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3624 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking “credit for the last year or portion of a year of the term of imprisonment shall be prorated and credited within the last six weeks of the sentence” and inserting “credit for the last year of a term of imprisonment shall be credited on the first day of the last year of the term of imprisonment”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Prerelease custody for risk and needs assessment system participants.—

“(1) ELIGIBLE PRISONERS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—This subsection applies in the case of a prisoner (as such term is defined in section 106 of the Prison Reform and Redemption Act) who—

“(i) has earned time credits under the Post-Sentencing Risk and Needs Assessment System developed under the Prison Reform and Redemption Act (referred to in this subsection as the ‘System’) in an amount that is equal to the remainder of the prisoner’s imposed term of imprisonment;

“(ii) has shown through the periodic risk reassessments a demonstrated recidivism risk reduction or has maintained a lower recidivism risk, during the prisoner’s term of imprisonment;

“(iii) has been classified by the warden of the prison as otherwise qualified to be transferred into prerelease custody; and

“(iv) except as provided in subparagraph (B), has not been determined under the System to be more likely than not to recidivate.

“(B) EXCEPTION.—

“(i) RECONSIDERATION BY WARDEN.—The warden of a prison shall, not later than 30 days after receiving from a prisoner who was determined under the System to be more likely than not to recidivate, but who is otherwise eligible for prerelease custody under this subsection, a request for reconsideration of the determination under the System that the prisoner is more likely than not to recidivate, review such prisoner’s request, and either submit a recommendation under paragraph (2), or notify the prisoner in writing that the warden has reviewed the prisoner’s request and made a determination not to submit a recommendation under paragraph (2).

“(ii) RECONSIDERATION BY DIRECTOR.—In the case that the warden of a prison does not submit a recommendation or notify a prisoner under clause (i) during the time period described in that clause, the prisoner may submit such a request for reconsideration to the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, who shall, not later than 60 days after receiving such a request, review the request, and either submit a recommendation under paragraph (2), or notify the prisoner in writing that the Director has reviewed the prisoner’s request and made a determination not to submit a recommendation under paragraph (2).

“(iii) SUBMISSION TO COURT.—In the case that the Director does not submit a recommendation or notify a prisoner under clause (ii) during the time period described in that clause, the prisoner may submit such a request for reconsideration to the United States district court in which the prisoner was convicted. Upon making a determination after the review of a request under this clause, the court shall submit such determination to the Director and to the warden.

“(2) RECOMMENDATION PROCESS.—

“(A) SUBMISSION OF RECOMMENDATION.—The warden of the prison, or the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, as applicable, shall submit a recommendation that the prisoner be transferred into prerelease custody to the United States district court in which the prisoner was convicted.

“(B) CONTENTS OF RECOMMENDATION.—The recommendation required under subparagraph (A) shall include the following information:

“(i) The prisoner’s behavioral record.

“(ii) The recidivism reduction programming and productive activities the prisoner participated in and completed.

“(iii) The amount of time credits earned by the prisoner.

“(iv) The risk assessments and reassessments of the prisoner.

“(v) The nature of the prisoner’s planned prerelease custody and supervision, which should be based on the information described in clauses (i) through (iv), and on the prerelease custody option that is found to be most effective for prisoners with that risk of recidivating.

“(vi) The anticipated date of the prisoner’s transfer into prerelease custody.

“(C) APPROVAL OR DENIAL.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the submission of a recommendation under subparagraph (A), a judge for such court shall approve or deny the recommendation, except that a judge may only deny such a recommendation if the judge finds by clear and convincing evidence that the prisoner should not be transferred into prerelease custody based only on evidence of the prisoner’s actions after the conviction of such prisoner and not based on evidence from the underlying conviction, and submits a detailed written statement regarding such finding to the warden of the prison who recommended that the prisoner be transferred into prerelease custody.

“(ii) HEARING.—The court may hold a hearing in order to make a determination under clause (i). The prisoner shall have the right to be present at the hearing, which right may be satisfied through the use of video teleconference.

“(iii) FAILURE TO DENY TREATED AS APPROVAL.—The failure of a judge to approve or deny a recommendation to transfer at the end of the 30-day period described in clause (i) shall be treated as an approval of such recommendation.

“(3) PLACEMENT OF PRISONER IN PRERELEASE CUSTODY.—Upon the approval of a recommendation under paragraph (2)(C)(i), or 30 days after the warden or the Director submits a recommendation under paragraph (2)(A), whichever occurs earlier, the prisoner shall be placed in prerelease custody in accordance with this subsection.

“(4) TYPES OF PRERELEASE CUSTODY.—A prisoner may be placed in prerelease custody as follows:

“(A) HOME CONFINEMENT.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—A prisoner placed in prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection who is placed in home confinement shall—

“(I) be subject to 24-hour electronic monitoring that enables the prompt identification of any violation of subclause (II);

“(II) remain in the prisoner’s residence, except that the prisoner may leave the prisoner’s home in order to, subject to the approval of the Director of the Bureau of Prisons—

“(aa) perform a job or job-related activities, including an apprenticeship, or participate in job-seeking activities;

“(bb) participate in recidivism reduction programming or productive activities assigned by the System, or similar activities;

“(cc) perform community service;

“(dd) participate in crime victim restoration activities;

“(ee) receive medical treatment; or

“(ff) attend religious activities; and

“(III) comply with such other conditions as the Director determines appropriate.

“(ii) ALTERNATE MEANS OF MONITORING.—If the electronic monitoring of a prisoner described in clause (i)(I) is infeasible for technical or religious reasons, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons may use alternative means of monitoring a prisoner placed in home confinement that the Director determines are as effective or more effective than the electronic monitoring described in clause (i)(I).

“(iii) MODIFICATIONS.—The Director of the Bureau of Prisons may modify the conditions described in clause (i) if the Director determines that a compelling reason exists to do so, and that the prisoner has demonstrated exemplary compliance with such conditions.

“(iv) DURATION.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), a prisoner who is placed in home confinement shall remain in home confinement until the prisoner has served not less than 85 percent of the prisoner’s imposed term of imprisonment.

“(B) COMMUNITY SUPERVISION.—A prisoner placed in prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection who is placed on community supervision—

“(i) shall be subject to such conditions as the Director of the Bureau of Prisons determines appropriate;

“(ii) may remain on community supervision until the conclusion of the prisoner’s sentence; and

“(iii) may only be placed on community supervision if the duration of the prisoner’s eligibility for community supervision is equal to or longer than the duration of the prisoner’s remaining period of prerelease custody.

“(C) RESIDENTIAL REENTRY CENTER.—A prisoner placed in prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection who is placed at a residential reentry center shall be subject to such conditions as the Director of the Bureau of Prisons determines appropriate.

“(5) DETERMINATION OF CONDITIONS.—In determining appropriate conditions for prisoners placed in prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall, to the extent practicable, provide that increasingly less restrictive conditions shall be imposed on prisoners who demonstrate continued compliance with the conditions of such prerelease custody, so as to most effectively prepare such prisoners for reentry.

“(6) VIOLATIONS OF CONDITIONS.—If a prisoner violates a condition of the prisoner’s prerelease custody, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons may revoke the prisoner’s prerelease custody and require the prisoner to serve the remainder of the term of imprisonment to which the prisoner was sentenced, or any portion thereof, in prison, or impose such additional conditions on the prisoner’s prerelease custody as the Director of the Bureau of Prisons determines appropriate.

“(7) ISSUANCE OF GUIDELINES.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Assistant Director for the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services, shall issue guidelines, for use by the Bureau of Prisons in determining—

“(A) appropriate type of prerelease custody and level of supervision for a prisoner placed on prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection; and

“(B) consequences for a violation of a condition of such prerelease custody by such a prisoner, including a return to prison and a reassessment of recidivism risk level under the System.

“(8) AGREEMENTS WITH UNITED STATES PROBATION AND PRETRIAL SERVICES.—The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall, to the greatest extent practicable, enter into agreements with the United States Probation and Pretrial Services to supervise prisoners placed in home confinement or community supervision under this subsection. Such agreements shall—

“(A) authorize United States Probation and Pretrial Services to exercise the authority granted to the Director pursuant to paragraphs (4) and (5);

“(B) take into account the resource requirements of United States Probation and Pretrial Services as a result of the transfer of Bureau of Prisons prisoners to prerelease custody; and

“(C) provide for the transfer of such funds as may be necessary to comply with such requirements.

“(9) ASSISTANCE.—United States Probation and Pretrial Services shall, to the greatest extent practicable, offer assistance to any prisoner not under its supervision during prerelease custody under this subsection.

“(10) MENTORING SERVICES.—Any prerelease custody into which a prisoner is placed under this subsection may not prohibit the prisoner from receiving mentoring services from a person who provided such services to the prisoner while the prisoner was incarcerated, except that the warden of the facility at which the prisoner was incarcerated my waive the requirement under this paragraph if the warden finds that the provision of such services would pose a significant security risk to the prisoner, persons who provide such services, or any other person. The warden shall provide written notice of any such waiver to the person providing mentoring services and to the prisoner.

“(11) TIME LIMITS INAPPLICABLE.—The time limits under subsections (b) and (c) shall not apply to prerelease custody under this subsection.

“(h) Alien prisoners subject to deportation.—If a prisoner who is placed in prerelease custody is an alien whose deportation was ordered as a condition of such prerelease custody or who is subject to a detainer filed by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement for the purposes of determining the alien’s deportability, United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall take custody of the alien upon the alien’s transfer to prerelease custody.”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect beginning on the date that the Attorney General completes and releases the Post-Sentencing Risk and Needs Assessment System.

In this Act the following definitions apply:

(1) RISK AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOL.—The term “risk and needs assessment tool” means an objective and statistically validated method through which information is collected and evaluated to determine—

(A) the risk that a prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison; and

(B) the recidivism reduction programs that will best minimize the risk that the prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison.

(2) RECIDIVISM REDUCTION PROGRAM.—The term “recidivism reduction program” means either a group or individual activity that—

(A) has been shown by empirical evidence to reduce recidivism or is based on research indicating that it is likely to be effective in reducing recidivism;

(B) is designed to help prisoners succeed in their communities upon release from prison; and

(C) may include—

(i) social learning and communication, interpersonal, anti-bullying, rejection response, and other life skills;

(ii) family relationship building, structured parent-child interaction, and parenting skills;

(iii) classes on morals or ethics;

(iv) academic classes;

(v) cognitive behavioral treatment;

(vi) mentoring;

(vii) substance abuse treatment;

(viii) vocational training;

(ix) faith-based classes or services;

(x) civic engagement and reintegrative community services;

(xi) a prison job, including through a prison work program; or

(xii) victim impact classes or other restorative justice programs.

(3) PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY.—The term “productive activity” means either a group or individual activity that is designed to allow prisoners determined as having a low or no risk of recidivating to remain productive and thereby maintain a low or no risk of recidivating, and may include the delivery of the programs described in paragraph (2) to other prisoners.

(4) PRISONER.—The term “prisoner” means a person who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment pursuant to a conviction for a Federal criminal offense, or a person in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons, including a person in a Bureau of Prisons contracted facility.

(5) TIME CREDIT.—The term “time credit” means the equivalent of one day of a prisoner’s sentence, such that a prisoner shall be eligible for one day of prerelease custody for each credit earned.

(6) DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENSE.—The term “drug trafficking offense” means any crime punishable under Federal, State, or local law that prohibits the manufacture, import, export, distribution, dispensing of, or offer to sell a controlled substance or counterfeit substance (as such terms are defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802)) or the possession of a controlled substance or counterfeit substance with intent to manufacture, import, export, distribute, or dispense.

(a) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022. Of the amount appropriated under this subsection, 80 percent shall be reserved for use by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons to implement the System under section 105 and the amendments made by that section.

(b) Sense of congress.—It is the sense of Congress that any savings associated with reducing recidivism and reducing the prison population that result from this title should be reinvested—

(1) into further expansion of recidivism reduction programs and productive activities by the Bureau of Prisons; and

(2) to supplement funding for programs that increase public safety by providing resources to State and local law enforcement officials.

Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be construed to provide authority to place a prisoner on prerelease custody who is serving a term of imprisonment pursuant to a conviction for an offense under the laws of one of the 50 States, or of a territory or possession of the United States.

This title may be cited as the “Lieutenant Osvaldo Albarati Correctional Officer Self-Protection Act of 2017”.

Congress finds that—

(1) the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–277; 118 Stat. 865) gives certain law enforcement officers, including certain correctional officers of the Bureau of Prisons, the right to carry a concealed firearm in all 50 States for self-protection;

(2) the purpose of that Act is to allow certain law enforcement officers to protect themselves while off duty;

(3) correctional officers of the Bureau of Prisons have been the targets of assaults and murders while off duty; and

(4) while that Act allows certain law enforcement officers to protect themselves off duty, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons allows correctional officers of the Bureau of Prisons to securely store personal firearms at only 33 Federal penal and correctional institutions while at work.

(a) In general.—Chapter 303 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

(b) Technical and conforming amendment.—The table of sections for chapter 303 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

“4050. Secure firearms storage.”.

(a) In general.—Chapter 317 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 4321 the following:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 317 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating to section 4321 the following:

“4322. Use of restraints on prisoners during the period of pregnancy, labor, and postpartum recovery prohibited. ”.

Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall incorporate into training programs provided to officers and employees of the Bureau of Prisons (including officers and employees of an organization with which the Bureau of Prisons has a contract to provide services relating to imprisonment) specialized and comprehensive training in procedures to—

(1) de-escalate encounters between a law enforcement officer or an officer or employee of the Bureau of Prisons, and a civilian or a prisoner (as such term is defined in section 106 of this Act); and

(2) identify and appropriately respond to incidents that involve the unique needs of individuals who have a mental illness or cognitive deficit.

(a) Report on medication-Assisted treatment for opioid and heroin abuse.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary and the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and of the House of Representatives a report assessing the availability of and the capacity of the Bureau of Prisons to treat heroin and opioid abuse through medication-assisted treatment. The report shall include a description of plans to expand access to medication-assisted treatment for heroin and opioid abuse for prisoners in appropriate cases. Following submission, the Director shall take steps to implement these plans.

(b) Report on the availability of medication-Assisted treatment for opioid and heroin abuse, and implementation thereof.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary and the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and of the House of Representatives a report assessing the availability of and capacity for the provision of medication-assisted treatment for opioid and heroin abuse by treatment-service providers serving prisoners who are serving a term of supervised release, and including a description of plans to expand access to medication assisted treatment for heroin and opioid abuse whenever appropriate among prisoners under supervised release. Following submission, the Director will take steps to implement these plans.

(a) Prohibition on monitoring.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall modify any program or system through which a prisoner (as such term is defined in section 106) sends or receives an electronic communication (as such term is defined in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code, and including the Trust Fund Limited Inmate Computer System) to exclude from monitoring the contents (as such term is defined in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code) of an electronic communication between a prisoner in a Bureau of Prisons facility and his or her attorney or other legal representative.

(b) Retention of contents.—The modification required under subsection (a) may allow for the retention of the contents of the electronic communications described in subsection (a).

(c) Exception.—If a court of competent jurisdiction determines that there is sufficient evidence to support a reasonable belief of the Government that the information contained in an electronic communication described in subsection (a) was for the purpose of perpetrating a fraud or crime, an in camera review of the contents of the communication may be conducted.

(a) In general.—The Bureau of Prisons shall establish each of the following pilot programs for 2 years, in at least 10 facilities:

(1) MENTORSHIP FOR YOUTH.—A program to pair youth with volunteers from faith-based or community organizations, which may include formerly incarcerated offenders, that have relevant experience or expertise in mentoring, and a willingness to serve as a mentor in such a capacity.

(2) SERVICE TO ABANDONED, RESCUED, OR OTHERWISE VULNERABLE ANIMALS.—A program to equip prisoners with the skills to provide training and therapy to animals seized by Federal law enforcement under asset forfeiture authority and to organizations that provide shelter and similar services to abandoned, rescued, or otherwise vulnerable animals.

(b) Reporting requirement.—Not later than one year after the conclusion of the pilot programs, the Attorney General shall report to Congress on the results of the pilot programs under this section. Such report shall include cost savings, numbers of participants, and information about recidivism rates among participants.

(c) Definition.—In this title, the term “youth” means a prisoner (as such term is defined in section 106) who was 21 years of age or younger at the time of the commission or alleged commission of the criminal offense for which the individual is being prosecuted or serving a term of imprisonment, as the case may be.

(a) Probation officers.—Section 3603 of title 18, United States Code, is amended in paragraph (8)(A) by striking “or 4246” and inserting “, 4246, or 4248”.

(b) Pretrial services officers.—Section 3154 of title 18, United States Code, is amended in paragraph (12)(A) by striking “or 4246” and inserting “, 4246, or 4248”.

(a) National prisoner statistics program.—Beginning not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, pursuant to the authority under section 302 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3732), the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, with information that shall be provided by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, shall include in the National Prisoner Statistics Program the following:

(1) The number of prisoners (as such term is defined in section 106 of this Act) who are veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States.

(2) The number of prisoners who have been placed in solitary confinement at any time during the previous year.

(3) The number of female prisoners known by the Bureau of Prisons to be pregnant, as well as the outcomes of such pregnancies, including information on pregnancies that result in live-birth, still-birth, miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, maternal death, neonatal death, and preterm birth.

(4) The numbers of prisoners who volunteered to participate in a substance abuse treatment program, and the number of prisoners who have participated in such a program.

(5) The number of prisoners provided methadone or buprenorphine while in custody in order to manage withdrawal or to continually treat substance dependence and abuse.

(6) The number of prisoners who were receiving methadone or buprenorphine therapy prior to the commencement of their term of imprisonment.

(7) The number of prisoners who are the parent or guardian of a minor child.

(8) The numbers of prisoners who are single, married, or otherwise in a committed relationship.

(9) The number of prisoners who have not achieved a GED, high school diploma, or equivalent prior to entering prison.

(10) The number of prisoners who, during the previous year, received their GED or other equivalent certificate while incarcerated.

(11) The numbers of prisoners for whom English is a second language.

(12) The number of incidents, during the previous year, in which restraints were used on a female prisoner during pregnancy, labor, or postpartum recovery, as well as information relating to the type of restraints used, and the circumstances under which each incident occurred.

(13) The vacancy rate for medical and health care staff positions, and average length of such a vacancy.

(14) The number of facilities that operated, at any time during the previous year, without at least one clinical nurse, certified paramedic, or licensed physician on-site.

(15) The number of facilities that during the previous year were accredited by the American Correctional Association.

(16) The number and type of recidivism reduction partnerships described in section 3621(h)(5) of title 18, United States Code, entered into by each facility.

(17) The number of facilities with remote learning capabilities.

(18) The number of facilities that offer prisoners video conferencing.

(19) Any changes in costs related to legal phone calls and visits following implementation of section 403 of this Act.

(20) The number of aliens in prison during the previous year.

(b) Report to judiciary committees.—Beginning not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for a period of 7 years, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall submit a report containing the information described in paragraphs (1) through (20) of subsection (a) to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate.

(a) Federal prisoner reentry initiative.—Section 231 of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17541) is amended—

(1) in subsection (g)—

(A) in paragraph (1)(B) by inserting after “the Attorney General may” the following: “, upon written request from the Director of the Bureau of Prisons or an eligible elderly offender,”;

(B) in paragraph (3), by striking “carried out during fiscal years 2009 and 2010” and inserting “carried out during fiscal years 2018 through 2022”; and

(C) in paragraph (5)(A)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking “65 years” and inserting “60 years”; and

(ii) by amending clause (ii) to read as follows:

“(ii) who is serving a term of imprisonment that is not based on a conviction for an offense described in section 102(e)(2)(C) of the Prison Reform and Redemption Act, and has served not less than ²⁄3 of the term of imprisonment to which the offender was sentenced;”;

(2) by striking subsection (h);

(3) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (h); and

(4) in subsection (h), as so redesignated, by striking “2009 and 2010” and inserting “2018 through 2022”.

(b) Modification of imposed term of imprisonment.—Section 3582(c)(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting after “Director of the Bureau of Prisons” the following: “or, if the Director does not make such a motion 30 days after receiving a request to make such a motion from the defendant, of the defendant”; and

(2) in clause (ii), by inserting after “the Director of the Bureau of Prisons” the following: “, or the court in the case that the court is considering a motion of the defendant”.

(a) Designation of release preparation coordinator.—The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall designate one officer or employee of the Bureau of Prisons at each facility that houses prisoners, as the release preparation coordinator, who shall be responsible for determining the general release needs of the prisoner population and developing and implementing an institution release preparation program to address those needs.

(b) Release plan.—Each prisoner shall develop a comprehensive release plan in conjunction with an institution release preparation program, with individualized assistance from an officer or employee of the Bureau of Prisons who is dedicated to and experienced in release preparation, including employment and housing counseling.