“In this chapter:

“(1) HUMAN EMBRYO.—The term ‘human embryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapiens during the earliest stages of development, from 1 cell up to 8 weeks after conception.

“(2) PROHIBITED HUMAN-ANIMAL CHIMERA.—The term ‘prohibited human-animal chimera’ means—

“(A) a human embryo into which a nonhuman cell or cells (or the component parts thereof) have been introduced to render the embryo’s membership in the species Homo sapiens uncertain;

“(B) a human-animal embryo produced by fertilizing a human egg with nonhuman sperm;

“(C) a human-animal embryo produced by fertilizing a nonhuman egg with human sperm;

“(D) an embryo produced by introducing a nonhuman nucleus into a human egg;

“(E) an embryo produced by introducing a human nucleus into a nonhuman egg;

“(F) an embryo containing at least haploid sets of chromosomes from both a human and a nonhuman life form;

“(G) a nonhuman life form engineered such that human gametes develop within the body of a nonhuman life form;

“(H) a nonhuman life form engineered such that it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues;

“(I) nonhuman life form engineered such that it exhibits human facial features or other bodily morphologies to resemble human features; or

“(J) an embryo produced by mixing human and nonhuman cells, such that—

“(i) human gametes develop within the body of the resultant organism;

“(ii) it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues; or

“(iii) it exhibits human facial features or other bodily morphologies to resemble human features.

“(a) In general.—It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate commerce—

“(1) create or attempt to create a prohibited human-animal chimera;

“(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human embryo into a nonhuman womb;

“(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a non­human embryo into a human womb; or

“(4) transport or receive for any purpose a prohibited human-animal chimera.

“(b) Penalties.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Whoever violates subsection (a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.

“(2) CIVIL PENALTY.—Whoever violates subsection (a) shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater of—

“(A) $1,000,000; or

“(B) the amount equal to twice the amount of the gross pecuniary gain, if any.

“(c) Rule of construction.—This section does not prohibit research involving the use of transgenic animal models containing human genes or transplantation of human organs, tissues, or cells into recipient animals, if such activities are not prohibited under subsection (a).”.