This Act may be cited as the “Repairing Existing Public Land by Adding Necessary Trees Act” or the “REPLANT Act”.

(a) Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974.—

(1) NATIONAL FOREST COVER POLICY.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601) is amended—

(i) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f);

(ii) by redesignating the second subsection (d) (relating to the policy of Congress regarding forested land in the National Forest System) as subsection (e); and

(iii) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)—

(I) in paragraph (2)—

(aa) in the first sentence—

(AA) by striking “9 of this Act, the Secretary shall annually for eight years following the enactment of this subsection” and inserting “9, the Secretary shall, annually during each of the 10 years beginning after the date of enactment of the REPLANT Act”; and

(BB) by striking “eight-year” and inserting “10-year”;

(bb) in the second sentence, by striking “such eight-year period” and inserting “the 10-year period”; and

(cc) in the third sentence, by striking “1978” and inserting “2021”;

(II) in paragraph (3), in the first sentence, by striking “subsection (d)” and inserting “subsection”; and

(III) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) REFORESTATION REQUIREMENTS.—

“(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph:

“(i) NATURAL REGENERATION.—

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘natural regeneration’ means the establishment of a tree or tree age class from natural seeding, sprouting, or suckering in accordance with the management objectives of an applicable land management plan.

“(II) INCLUSION.—The term ‘natural regeneration’ may include any site preparation activity to enhance the success of regeneration to the desired species composition and structure.

“(ii) PRIORITY LAND.—The term ‘priority land’ means National Forest System land that, due to an unplanned event—

“(I) does not meet the conditions for appropriate forest cover described in paragraph (1);

“(II) requires reforestation to meet the objectives of an applicable land management plan; and

“(III) is unlikely to experience natural regeneration without assistance.

“(iii) REFORESTATION.—The term ‘reforestation’ means the act of renewing tree cover, taking into consideration species composition and resilience, by establishing young trees through—

“(I) natural regeneration;

“(II) natural regeneration with site preparation; or

“(III) planting or direct seeding.

“(iv) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.

“(v) UNPLANNED EVENT.—

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘unplanned event’ means any unplanned disturbance that—

“(aa) disrupts ecosystem or forest structure or composition; or

“(bb) changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment.

“(II) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘unplanned event’ may include—

“(aa) a wildfire;

“(bb) an infestation of insects or disease;

“(cc) a weather event; and

“(dd) animal damage.

“(B) REQUIREMENT.—Each reforestation activity under this section shall be carried out in accordance with applicable Forest Service management practices and definitions, including definitions relating to silvicultural practices and forest management.

“(C) REFORESTATION PRIORITY.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to projects on the priority list described in clause (ii).

“(ii) PRIORITY LIST.—

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, based on recommendations from regional foresters, create a priority list of reforestation projects that—

“(aa) primarily take place on priority land;

“(bb) promote effective reforestation following unplanned events; and

“(cc) may include activities to ensure adequate and appropriate seed availability.

“(II) RANKING.—The Secretary shall rank projects on the priority list under subclause (I) based on—

“(aa) documentation of an effective reforestation project plan;

“(bb) the ability to measure the progress and success of the project; and

“(cc) the ability of a project to provide benefits relating to forest function and health, soil health and productivity, wildlife habitat, improved air and water quality, carbon sequestration potential, resilience, job creation, and enhanced recreational opportunities.”.

(B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 9 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105) is amended, in the undesignated matter following paragraph (5) of subsection (g)—

(i) by striking “section 3(d)” and inserting “subsection (e) of section 3”; and

(ii) by striking “1601(d)” and inserting “1601”.

(2) NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—Section 9 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1607) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking “2000” and inserting “2030”.

(b) Reforestation Trust Fund.—Section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) by striking paragraph (2);

(B) in paragraph (3)—

(i) in the second sentence, by striking “Proper adjustment” and inserting the following:

“(3) ADJUSTMENT OF ESTIMATES.—Proper adjustment”; and

(ii) by striking “(3) The amounts” and inserting the following:

“(2) FREQUENCY.—The amounts”; and

(C) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through “the Secretary” in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(b) Transfers to Trust Fund.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary”; and

(2) in subsection (d)(1)—

(A) by striking “section 3(d)” and inserting “subsection (e) of section 3”; and

(B) by striking “1601(d)” and inserting “1601”.

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and make publicly available on the website of the Forest Service, a report that describes, with respect to the preceding year—