SECTION 1. Short title.

SEC. 2. Environmental reviews for major projects.

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking “process for and completion of any environmental permit” and inserting “process and schedule, including a timetable for and completion of any environmental permit”;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (8) as paragraphs (9) through (11);

(C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (4) through (6);

(D) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

“(2) AUTHORIZATION.—The term ‘authorization’ means any environmental license, permit, approval, finding, or other administrative decision related to an environmental review process that is required under Federal law to site, construct, or reconstruct a project.

“(3) ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT.—The term ‘environmental document’ means an environmental assessment, finding of no significant impact, notice of intent, environmental impact statement, or record of decision under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).”; and

(E) by inserting after paragraph (6), as redesignated, the following:

“(7) MAJOR PROJECT.—The term ‘major project’ means a project for which—

“(A) multiple permits, approvals, reviews, or studies are required under a Federal law other than the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);

“(B) the project sponsor has identified the reasonable availability of funds sufficient to complete the project;

“(C) the project is not a covered project, as such term is defined in section 41001 of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m); and

“(D) the head of the lead agency has determined that—

“(i) an environmental impact statement is required; or

“(ii) an environmental assessment is required, and the project sponsor requests that the project be treated as a major project.”;

(2) in subsection (b)(1)—

(A) by inserting “, including major projects,” after “all projects”; and

(B) by inserting “, at the request of a project sponsor” after “be applied”;

(3) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (6)—

(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking “and” at the end;

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(D) to calculate annually the average time taken by the lead agency to complete all environmental documents for each project during the previous fiscal year.”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(7) PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS FOR PROJECTS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall review existing practices, procedures, programmatic agreements, and applicable laws to identify potential changes that would facilitate an efficient environmental review process for projects.

“(B) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the review required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consult, as appropriate, with the heads of other Federal agencies that participate in the environmental review process.

“(C) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the One Federal Decision Act of 2021, Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that includes—

“(i) the results of the review required by subparagraph (A); and

“(ii) an analysis of whether additional resources would help the Secretary meet the requirements applicable to the projects under this section.”;

(4) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (8)—

(i) in the heading, by striking “NEPA” and inserting “Environmental”;

(ii) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as inconsistent with paragraph (7), and except as provided in subparagraph (D), to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with Federal law, all Federal authorizations and reviews for a project shall rely on a single environmental document for each type of environmental document prepared under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) under the leadership of the lead agency.”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(D) EXCEPTION.—The lead agency may waive the application of subparagraph (A) with respect to a project if—

“(i) the project sponsor requests that agencies issue separate environmental documents;

“(ii) the obligations of a cooperating agency or participating agency under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) have already been satisfied with respect to such project; or

“(iii) the lead agency determines that such application would not facilitate completion of the environmental review process for such project within the timeline established under paragraph (10).”;

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(10) TIMELY AUTHORIZATIONS FOR MAJOR PROJECTS.—

“(A) DEADLINE.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C), notwithstanding any other provision of law, all authorization decisions necessary for the construction of a major project shall be completed by not later than 90 days after the date of the issuance of a record of decision for the major project.

“(B) REQUIRED LEVEL OF DETAIL.—The final environmental impact statement for a major project shall include an adequate level of detail to inform decisions necessary for the role of the participating agencies in the environmental review process.

“(C) EXTENSION OF DEADLINE.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the One Federal Decision Act of 2021, the Secretary shall establish procedures for a lead agency to extend a deadline under subparagraph (A) in cases in which—

“(i) Federal law prohibits the lead agency or another agency from issuing an approval or permit within the period described in such subparagraph;

“(ii) such an extension is requested by the project sponsor; or

“(iii) such extension would facilitate the completion of the environmental review and authorization process of the major project.”;

(5) in subsection (g)—

(A) in paragraph (1)(B)—

(i) by amending clause (ii)(IV) to read as follows:

“(IV) the overall time required by an agency to conduct an environmental review and make decisions under applicable Federal law relating to a project (including the issuance or denial of a permit or license) and the cost of the project; and”; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

“(iii) MAJOR PROJECT SCHEDULE.—To the maximum extent practicable and consistent with applicable Federal law, in the case of a major project, the lead agency shall develop, in consultation with the project sponsor, a schedule for the major project that is consistent with an agency average of not more than 2 years for the completion of the environmental review process for major projects. The time period measured, as applicable—

“(I) in the case of a project that requires an environmental impact statement, begins on the date of publication of a notice of intent to prepare an environmental impact statement and ends on the date of publication of a record of decision; or

“(II) in the case of a project which does not require an environmental impact statement, begins on the date of that the decision is made to prepare an environmental assessment and ends on the date of issuance of a finding of no significant impact.”;

(B) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F);

(C) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:

“(E) FAILURE TO MEET DEADLINE.—If a Federal cooperating agency fails to meet a deadline established under subparagraph (D)(ii)(I)—

“(i) not later than 30 days after the date such agency failed to meet such deadline, such agency shall submit to the Secretary a report on why the deadline was not met; and

“(ii) not later than 30 days after the date on which a report is submitted under clause (i), the Secretary shall—

“(I) transmit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a copy of such report; and

“(II) make such report available to the public on the internet.”; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

SEC. 3. Efficient environmental reviews.