This Act may be cited as the “American Confidence in Elections Act” or the “ACE Act”.

The table of contents of this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. General findings.

Congress finds the following:

(1) According to Article 1, Section 4 of the Constitution of the United States, the States have the primary role in establishing “(t)he Times, Places and Manners of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives”, while Congress has a purely secondary role in this space and must restrain itself from acting improperly and unconstitutionally.

(2) Federal election legislation should never be the first step and must never impose burdensome, unfunded Federal mandates on State and local elections officials. When Congress does speak, it must devote its efforts only to resolving highly significant and substantial deficiencies to ensure the integrity of our elections. State legislatures are the primary venues to establish rules for governing elections and correct most issues.

(3) All eligible voters who wish to participate must have the opportunity to vote, and all lawful votes must be counted.

(4) States must balance appropriate election administration structures and systems with accessible access to the ballot box.

(5) Political speech is protected speech.

(6) The First Amendment protects the right of all Americans to state their political views and donate money to the candidates, causes, and organizations of their choice without fear of retribution.

(7) Redistricting decisions are best made at the State level.

(8) States must maintain the flexibility to determine the best redistricting processes for the particular needs of their citizens.

(9) Congress has independent authority under the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments to ensure elections are conducted without unlawful discrimination.

(10) The Voting Rights Act, which is not anchored in Article 1, Section 4 of the Constitution, has seen much success since its first passage in 1965, and Congress should continue to exercise its constitutional authority in this space as appropriate.

(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that constitutional scholar Robert Natelson has done invaluable work with respect to the history and understanding of the Elections Clause.

(b) Findings.—Congress finds the following:

(1) The Constitution reserves to the States the primary authority to set election legislation and administer elections—the “times, places, and manner of holding of elections”—and Congress’ power in this space is purely secondary to the States’ power and is to be employed only in the direst of circumstances. History, precedent, the Framers’ words, debates concerning ratification, the Supreme Court, and the Constitution itself make it exceedingly clear that Congress’ power over elections is not unfettered.

(2) The Framing Generation grappled with the failure of the Articles of Confederation, which provided for only a weak national government incapable of preserving the Union. Under the Articles, the States had exclusive authority over Federal elections held within their territory; but, given the difficulties the national government had experienced with State cooperation (e.g., the failure of Rhode Island to send delegates to the Confederation Congress), the Federalists, including Alexander Hamilton, were concerned with the possibility that the States, in an effort to destroy the Federal Government, simply might not hold elections or that an emergency, such as an invasion or insurrection, might prevent the operation of a State’s government, leaving the Congress without Members and the Federal Government unable to respond.

(3) Quite plainly, Alexander Hamilton, a leading Federalist and proponent of our Constitution, understood the Elections Clause as serving only as a sort of emergency fail-safe, not as a cudgel used to nationalize our elections process. Writing as Publius to the people of New York, Hamilton further expounds on the correct understanding of the Elections Clause: “T[he] natural order of the subject leads us to consider, in this place, that provision of the Constitution which authorizes the national legislature to regulate, in the last resort, the election of its own members.”. Alexander Hamilton (writing as Publius), Federalist no. 59, Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members, N.Y. PACKET (Fri., Feb. 22, 1788).

(4) When questioned at the States’ constitutional ratifying conventions with respect to this provision, the Federalists confirmed this understanding of a constitutionally limited, secondary congressional power under Article 1, Section 4. (“[C]onvention delegate James McHenry added that the risk to the federal government [without a fail-safe provision] might not arise from state malice: An insurrection or rebellion might prevent a state legislature from administering an election.”); (“An occasion may arise when the exercise of this ultimate power of Congress may be necessary . . . if a state should be involved in war, and its legislature could not assemble, (as was the case of South Carolina and occasionally of some other states, during the [Revolutionary] war).”); (“Sir, let it be remembered that this power can only operate in a case of necessity, after the factious or listless disposition of a particular state has rendered an interference essential to the salvation of the general government.”). See Robert G. Natelson, The Original Scope of the Congressional Power to Regulate Elections, 13 U. PA. J. CONST. L. 1, 12–13 (Nov. 2010).

(5) John Jay made similar claims in New York. And, as constitutional scholar Robert Natelson notes in his invaluable article, The Original Scope of the Congressional Power to Regulate Elections, “Alexander Contee Hanson, a member of Congress whose pamphlet supporting the Constitution proved popular, stated flatly that Congress would exercise its times, places, and manner authority only in cases of invasion, legislative neglect or obstinate refusal to pass election laws [providing for the election of Members of Congress], or if a state crafted its election laws with a ‘sinister purpose’ or to injure the general government.” Cementing his point, Hanson goes further to decree, “The exercise of this power must at all times be so very invidious, that congress will not venture upon it without some very cogent and substantial reason.”. Alexander Contee Hanson (writing as Astrides), Remarks on the Proposed Plan: 31 January, reprinted in John P. Kaminski, Gaspare J. Saladino, and Richard Leffler (eds.), 3 Commentaries on the Constitution, public and private 18 December 1787 to 31 January 1788 522–26 (1984).

(6) In fact, had the alternate view of the Elections Clause been accepted at the time of the Constitution’s drafting—that is, that it offers Congress unfettered power over Federal elections— it is likely that the Constitution would not have been ratified or that an amendment to this language would have been required.

(7) Indeed, at least seven of the original 13 States—over half and enough to prevent the Constitution from being ratified—expressed specific concerns with the language of the Elections Clause. See 1 Annals of Cong. 799 (1789), Joseph Gales (ed.) (1834). However, “[l]eading Federalists …” assured them “… that, even without amendment, the [Elections] Clause should be construed as limited to emergencies”. Three States, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island, specifically made their ratification contingent on this understanding being made express. Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New York (July 26, 1788) (“Under these impressions and declaring that the rights aforesaid cannot be abridged or violated, and the Explanations aforesaid are consistent with the said Constitution, And in confidence that the Amendments which have been proposed to the said Constitution will receive early and mature Consideration: We the said Delegates, in the Name and in [sic] the behalf of the People of the State of New York Do by these presents Assent to and Ratify the said Constitution. In full Confidence . . . that the Congress will not make or alter any Regulation in this State respecting the times places and manner of holding Elections for Senators or Representatives unless the Legislature of this State shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same, and that in those cases such power will only be exercised until the Legislature of this State shall make provision in the Premises”); Ratification of the Constitution by the State of North Carolina (Nov. 21, 1789) (“That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in the times, places, or manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of any state shall neglect, refuse or be disabled by invasion or rebellion, to prescribe the same.”); Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Rhode Island (May 29, 1790) (“Under these impressions, and declaring, that the rights aforesaid cannot be abridged or violated, and that the explanations aforesaid, are consistent with the said constitution, and in confidence that the amendments hereafter mentioned, will receive an early and mature consideration, and conformably to the fifth article of said constitution, speedily become a part thereof; We the said delegates, in the name, and in [sic] the behalf of the People, of the State of Rhode-Island and Providence-Plantations, do by these Presents, assent to, and ratify the said Constitution. In full confidence . . . That the Congress will not make or alter any regulation in this State, respecting the times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, unless the legislature of this state shall neglect, or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same; and that [i]n those cases, such power will only be exercised, until the legislature of this State shall make provision in the Premises[.]”).

(8) Congress finds that the Framers designed and the ratifying States understood the Elections Clause to serve solely as a protective backstop to ensure the preservation of the Federal Government, not as a font of limitless power for Congress to wrest control of Federal elections from the States.

(9) This understanding was also reinforced by debate during the first Congress that convened under the Constitution where Representative Aedanus Burke proposed a constitutional amendment to limit the Times, Places and Manner Clause to emergencies. Although the amendment failed, those on both sides of the Burke amendment debate already understood the Elections Clause to limit Federal elections power to emergencies.

(10) History clearly shows that even in the first Congress that convened under the Constitution, it was acknowledged and understood through the debates that ensued over the Elections Clause provision that Congress’ control over elections is limited.

(11) Similarly, proponent Representative Smith of South Carolina also believed the original text of the Elections Clause already limited the Federal Government’s power over Federal elections to emergencies and so thought there would be no harm in supporting an amendment to make that language express. Annals of Congress 801 (1789) Joseph Gales Edition. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875 (loc.gov). So, even the records of the First Congress reflect a recognition of the emergency nature of congressional power over Federal elections.

(12) Similarly, the Supreme Court has supported this understanding. In Smiley v. Holm, the Court held that Article 1, Section 4 of the Constitution reserved to the States the primary “… authority to provide a complete code for congressional elections, not only as to times and places, but in relation to notices, registration, supervision of voting, protection of voters, prevention of fraud and corrupt practices, counting of votes, duties of inspectors and canvassers, and making and publication of election returns; in short, to enact the numerous requirements as to procedure and safeguards which experience shows are necessary in order to enforce the fundamental right involved. And these requirements would be nugatory if they did not have appropriate sanctions in the definition of offenses and punishments. All this is comprised in the subject of ‘times, places and manner of holding elections’, and involves lawmaking in its essential features and most important aspect.”. Smiley v. Holm, 285 U.S. 355, 366 (1932).

(13) This holding is consistent with the understanding of the Elections Clause since the framing of the Constitution. The Smiley Court also held that while Congress maintains the authority to “… supplement these state regulations or [to] substitute its own[]”, such authority remains merely “a general supervisory power over the whole subject.”. Id.

(14) More recently, the Court noted in Arizona v. Inter-Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc. that “[t]his grant of congressional power [that is, the fail-safe provision in the Elections Clause] was the Framers’ insurance against the possibility that a State would refuse to provide for the election of representatives to the Federal Congress.”. Arizona v. Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., 570 U.S. 1, 7–9 (2013). The Court explained that the Elections Clause “… imposes [upon the States] the duty … to prescribe the time, place, and manner of electing Representatives and Senators[.]”. Id. at 8. And, while, as the Court noted, “[t]he power of Congress over the ‘Times, Places, and Manner’ of congressional elections is paramount, and may be exercised at any time, and to any extent which it deems expedient; and so far as it is exercised, and no farther, the regulations effected supersede those of the State which are inconsistent therewith[]”, id. at 9, the Inter-Tribal Court explained, quoting extensively from the Federalist no. 59, that it was clear that the congressional fail-safe included in the Elections Clause was intended for the sorts of governmental self-preservation discussed here: “[E]very government ought to contain in itself the means of its own preservation[.]”; “[A]n exclusive power of regulating elections for the national government, in the hands of the State legislatures, would leave the existence of the Union entirely at their mercy. They could at any moment annihilate it by neglecting to provide for the choice of persons to administer its affairs.”. Id. at 8.

(15) It is clear in every respect that the congressional fail-safe described in the Elections Clause vests purely secondary authority over Federal elections in the Federal legislative branch and that the primary authority rests with the States. Congressional authority is intended to be, and as a matter of constitutional fact is, limited to addressing the worst imaginable issues, such as invasion or other matters that might lead to a State not electing representatives to constitute the two Houses of Congress. Congress’ authority has never extended to the day-to-day authority over the “Times, Places and Manner of Election” that the Constitution clearly reserves to the States.

(16) Congress must act within the bounds of its constitutional authority when enacting legislation concerning the administration of our Nation’s elections.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Voluntarily Offered Tools for Election Reforms by States Act” or the “VOTERS Act”.

(a) In general.—Subtitle C of title II of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20981 et seq.) is amended—

(1) by redesignating section 247 as section 248; and

(2) by inserting after section 246 the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of such Act is amended—

(1) by redesignating the item relating to section 247 as relating to section 248; and

(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 246 the following new item:

“Sec. 247. Release of voluntary considerations by Standards Board with respect to election administration.”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Non-citizens: Outlawed from Voting in Our Trusted Elections Act of 2022” or the “NO VOTE for Non-Citizens Act of 2022”.

(b) Findings; Sense of Congress.—

(1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:

(A) Every eligible person who wishes to cast a ballot in a Federal election must be permitted to do so according to law, and their ballot must be examined according to law, and, if it meets all lawful requirements, counted.

(B) Congress has long required States to maintain Federal voter registration lists in a manner that promotes voter confidence.

(C) The changes included herein are not intended to be an expansion of Federal power but rather a clarification of State authority.

(D) The Fifteenth Amendment, the Nineteenth Amendment, the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, and the Twenty-Sixth Amendment, among other references, make clear that the Constitution prohibits voting by non-citizens in Federal elections.

(E) Congress has the constitutional authority, including under the aforementioned amendments, to pass statutes preventing non-citizens from voting in Federal elections, and did so with the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996.

(F) Congress may further exercise its constitutional authority to ensure the Constitution’s prohibition on non-citizen voting in Federal elections is upheld.

(G) Since the Constitution prohibits non-citizens from voting in Federal elections, such ineligible persons must not be permitted to be placed on Federal voter registration lists.

(H) Improper placement of an ineligible non-citizen on a Federal voter registration list leads to—

(i) confusion on the part of the ineligible person with respect to their ineligibility to cast a ballot; and

(ii) an increased likelihood that human error will permit ineligible persons to cast ballots in Federal elections.

(I) State officials have confirmed that poorly maintained voter registration lists lead to ineligible persons casting ballots in Federal elections.

(J) A former Broward County, Florida, elections supervisor has confirmed that ineligible non-voters were able to cast ballots in previous elections and that she was not able to locate as many as 2,040 ballots during the 2018 midterm recount.

(K) This clarification of State authority to maintain Federal voter registration lists to ensure non-citizens are not included on such lists will promote voter confidence in election processes and outcomes.

(L) Congress has the authority to ensure that no Federal elections funding is used to support States that permit non-citizens to cast ballots in any election.

(M) Federal courts and executive agencies have much of the information States may need to maintain their Federal voter registration lists, and those entities should make that information accessible to State election authorities.

(N) It is important to clarify the penalty for any violation of law that allows a non-citizen to cast a ballot in a Federal election.

(O) To protect the confidence of voters in Federal elections, it is important to implement the policy described herein.

(2) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that—

(A) many States have not adequately met the requirements concerning the removal of ineligible persons from State voter registration rolls pursuant to section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507) and should strive to audit and update their voter registration rolls on a routine basis;

(B) allowing non-citizens to cast ballots in American elections weakens our electoral system and the value of citizenship and sows distrust in our elections system;

(C) even if a State has the sovereign authority, no State should permit non-citizens to cast ballots in State or local elections;

(D) States should use all information available to them to maintain Federal voter registration lists and should inform Congress if such data is insufficient; and

(E) Congress may take further action in the future to address this problem.

(c) Clarifying authority of States To remove non-Citizens from voting rolls.—

(1) AUTHORITY UNDER REGULAR REMOVAL PROGRAMS.—Section 8(a)(4) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(4)) is amended—

(A) by striking “or” at the end of subparagraph (A);

(B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); and

(C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new subparagraph:

“(B) the registrant’s status as a noncitizen of the United States; or”.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO ONGOING REMOVAL.—Section 8(c)(2)(B)(i) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(c)(2)(B)(i)) is amended by striking “(4)(A)” and inserting “(4)(A) or (B)”.

(d) Requirement To maintain separate State voter registration list for non-Citizens.—Section 8(a) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking “and” at the end;

(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(7) in the case of a State that allows individuals who are not citizens of the United States to vote in elections for public office in the State or any local jurisdiction of the State, ensure that the name of any registrant who is not a citizen of the United States is maintained on a voter registration list that is separate from the official list of eligible voters with respect to registrants who are citizens of the United States.”.

(e) Requirements for ballots for State or local jurisdictions that allow non-Citizen voting.—Section 301(a)(1) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(D) In the case of a State or local jurisdiction that allows individuals who are not citizens of the United States to vote in elections for public office in the State or local jurisdiction, the ballot used for the casting of votes by a noncitizen in such State or local jurisdiction may only include the candidates for the elections for public office in the State or local jurisdiction for which the noncitizen is permitted to vote.”.

(f) Reduction in payments for election administration to States or local jurisdictions that allow non-Citizen voting.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Title IX of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“Sec. 907. Reduction in payments to States or local jurisdictions that allow noncitizen voting.”.

(g) Promoting provision of information by Federal entities.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Each entity of the Federal Government which maintains information which is relevant to the status of an individual as a registered voter in elections for Federal office in a State shall, upon the request of an election official of the State, provide that information to the election official.

(2) POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.—Consistent with section 3506(g) of title 44, United States Code, an entity of the Federal Government shall carry out this subsection in accordance with policies and procedures which will ensure that the information is provided securely, accurately, and in a timely basis.

(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO COVERAGE UNDER PRIVACY ACT.—Section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(A) by striking “or” at the end of paragraph (11);

(B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (12) and inserting “; or”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(13) to an election official of a State in accordance with section 121(h) of the American Confidence in Elections Act.”.

(h) Ensuring provision of information to State election officials on individuals recused from jury service on grounds of non-Citizenship.—

(1) REQUIREMENT DESCRIBED.—If a United States district court recuses an individual from serving on a jury on the grounds that the individual is not a citizen of the United States, the court shall transmit a notice of the individual’s recusal—

(A) to the chief State election official of the State in which the individual resides; and

(B) to the Attorney General.

(2) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the “chief State election official” of a State is the individual designated by the State under section 10 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20509) to be responsible for coordination of the State’s responsibilities under such Act; and

(B) the term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(i) Prohibition on voting by non-Citizens in Federal elections.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 12 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20511) is amended—

(A) by striking “A person” and inserting “(a) In general.—A person”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(b) Prohibition on voting by aliens.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any alien to vote in any election in violation of section 611 of title 18, United States Code.

“(2) PENALTIES.—Any person who violates this subsection shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than one year, or both.”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection and the amendments made by this subsection shall apply with respect to elections held on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507) is amended—

(1) in subsection (i), by adding at the end the following:

“(3) The records maintained pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include lists of the names and addresses of all registrants in a State who were inactive according to the criteria described in subsection (d)(1)(B) and the length of time each such registrant has been inactive according to such criteria.”;

(2) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and

(3) by inserting after subsection (i) the following new subsection:

“(j) Reporting requirements.—Not later than June 30 of each odd-numbered year, each State shall submit to the Election Assistance Commission a report that includes, with respect to such State during the preceding 2-year period, the total number of—

“(1) registrants who were inactive according to the criteria described in subsection (d)(1)(B) and the length of time each such registrant has been inactive according to such criteria;

“(2) registrants who voted in at least one of the prior 2 consecutive general elections for Federal office;

“(3) registrants removed from the list of official voters in the State pursuant to subsection (d)(1)(B);

“(4) notices sent to registrants pursuant to subsection (d)(2); and

“(5) registrants who received a notice described in paragraph (4) who responded to such notice.”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “State Instruction Inclusion Act”.

(b) In general.—Section 6(a) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20505(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting “, except that a State may, in addition to the criteria stated in section 9(b), require that an applicant provide proof that the applicant is a citizen of the United States” after “elections for Federal office”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting “and such form may include a requirement that the applicant provide proof that the applicant is a citizen of the United States” after “elections for Federal office”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Citizen Vote Protection Act”.

(b) Findings; Sense of Congress.—

(1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:

(A) Photo voter identification programs established by the States should be administered without unlawful discrimination and with an eye toward balancing appropriate access to the ballot box with election integrity and voter confidence goals.

(B) As confirmed by the bipartisan Commission on Federal Election Reform (commonly known as the Carter-Baker Commission), “[v]oters in nearly 100 democracies use a photo identification card without fear of infringement of their rights”.

(C) As confirmed by the Carter-Baker Commission, “[t]he right to vote is a vital component of U.S. citizenship and all States should use their best efforts to obtain proof of citizenship before registering voters.”.

(D) The Carter-Baker Commission was correct in its 2005 report when it recommended that the REAL ID Act be “modestly adapted for voting purposes to indicate on the front or back whether the individual is a U.S. citizen.”.

(E) Congress acknowledges the important work completed by the Carter-Baker Commission and, by amending the REAL ID Act, resolves the concerns in the Commission’s report that “[t]he REAL ID Act does not require that the card indicates citizenship, but that would need to be done if the card is to be used for voting purposes”.

(F) Photographic voter identification is important for ensuring voter confidence in election processes and outcomes.

(G) Requiring photographic voter identification is well within States’ constitutional competence, including pursuant to the Qualifications Clause of the Constitution of the United States (article I, section 2, clause 2), the Presidential Electors Clause of the Constitution (article II, section 1, clause 2), and the Seventeenth Amendment.

(H) The Fifteenth Amendment, the Nineteenth Amendment, the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, and the Twenty-Sixth Amendment, among other references, make clear that the Constitution prohibits voting by non-citizens in Federal elections.

(I) Congress has the constitutional authority, including under the aforementioned amendments, to pass statutes preventing non-citizens from voting in Federal elections, and did so with the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996.

(J) Congress may further exercise its constitutional authority to ensure the Constitution’s prohibition on non-citizen voting in Federal elections is upheld.

(2) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that the States should implement the substance of the recommendation of the Carter-Baker Commission that, “[t]o ensure that persons presenting themselves at the polling place are the ones on the registration list, the Commission recommends that states [encourage] voters to use the REAL ID card, which was mandated in a law signed by the President in May 2005”.

(c) REAL ID Act Amendment.—

(1) AMENDMENT.—Section 202(b) of the Real ID Act of 2005 (49 U.S.C. 30301 note) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(10) If the person is a citizen of the United States, an indication of that citizenship, except that no other information may be included with respect to the immigration status of the person.”.

(2) APPLICABILITY.—The amendment made by this subsection shall be effective January 1, 2026, and shall apply with respect to any driver’s license or identification card issued by a State on and after such date.

(d) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section or in any amendment made by this section may be construed to establish or mandate the use of a national identification card or to authorize any office of the executive branch to establish or mandate the use of a national identification card.

(a) Requiring voters To provide identification.—Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended—

(1) by redesignating sections 304 and 305 as sections 305 and 306; and

(2) by inserting after section 303 the following new section:

(b) Conforming amendments relating to existing identification requirements.—

(1) TREATMENT AS INDIVIDUALS REGISTERING TO VOTE BY MAIL FOR PURPOSES OF FIRST-TIME VOTER IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—Section 303(b)(1)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking “by mail” and inserting “by mail or otherwise not in person at an elections office or voter registration agency of the State”.

(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Section 303(b)(3) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(3)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “by mail under section 6 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-4)” and inserting “by mail under section 6 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20505) or otherwise not in person at a voter registration agency of the State”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking “by mail under section 6 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-4)” and inserting “by mail under section 6 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20505) or otherwise not in person at a voter registration agency of the State”.

(3) EXPANSION OF TYPES OF IDENTIFICATION PERMITTED.—Section 303(b)(2)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(2)(A)) is amended—

(A) in clause (i)—

(i) in subclause (I), by striking “or” at the end; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following new subclause:

“(III) such other documentation issued by a Federal, State, or local government that provides the same or more identifying information as required by subclauses (I) and (II) such that the election official is reasonably certain as to the identity of the individual; or”; and

(B) in clause (ii)—

(i) in subclause (I), by striking “or” at the end;

(ii) in subclause (II), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following new subclause:

“(III) such other documentation issued by a Federal, State, or local government that provides the same or more identifying information as required by subclauses (I) and (II) such that the election official is reasonably certain as to the identity of the individual.”.

(c) Conforming amendment relating to enforcement.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111) is amended by striking “and 303” and inserting “303, and 304”.

(d) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of such Act is amended—

(1) by redesignating the items relating to sections 304 and 305 as relating to sections 305 and 306; and

(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 303 the following:

“Sec. 304. Mandatory provision of identification for certain voters who vote by mail.”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Confirmation Of Congressional Observer Access Act of 2022” or the “COCOA Act of 2022”.

(b) Findings relating to Congressional election observers.—Congress finds the following:

(1) The Constitution delegates to each of House of the Congress the authority to “be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members”.

(2) While, in general, Congress shall respect the determination of State authorities with respect to the election of members to each House, each House of Congress serves as the final arbiter over any contest to the seating of any putative Member-elect or Senator-elect.

(3) These election contest procedures are contained in the precedents of each House of Congress. Further, for the House of Representatives the procedures exist under the Federal Contested Elections Act.

(4) In the post-Civil War modern era, more than 100 election contests have been filed with the House of Representatives.

(5) For decades, Congress has appointed and sent out official congressional observers to watch the administration of congressional elections in the States and territories.

(6) These observers serve to permit Congress to develop its own factual record in preparation for eventual contests and for other reasons.

(7) This section and the amendments made by this section do not establish any new authorities or procedures but are provided simply to permit a convenient statutory reference for existing Congressional authority and activity.

(c) Confirming requirement that States provide access.—Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 125(a), is amended—

(1) by redesignating sections 305 and 306 as sections 306 and 307; and

(2) by inserting after section 304 the following new section:

(d) Conforming amendment relating to enforcement.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111), as amended by section 125(c), is amended by striking “and 304” and inserting “304, and 305”.

(e) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 125(d), is amended—

(1) by redesignating the items relating to sections 305 and 306 as relating to sections 306 and 307; and

(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 304 the following:

“Sec. 305. Confirming access for Congressional election observers.”.

Section 251(b)(1) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001(b)(1)) is amended by inserting “, including to conduct and publish an audit of the effectiveness and accuracy of the voting systems, election procedures, and outcomes used to carry out an election for Federal office in the State and the performance of the State and local election officials who carried out the election” after “requirements of title III”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Election Worker Employer Participation Act”.

(b) Exclusion from gross income for certain election worker compensation.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after section 139H the following new section:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections for part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 139H the following new item:

“Sec. 139I. Certain compensation of election workers.”.

(c) Exclusion from gross income for certain student loan repayments of election workers.—Section 127(c) of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(8) SPECIAL RULE FOR ELECTION WORKERS.—In the case of any payment by a State, political subdivision of a State, or any instrumentality of a State or any political subdivision thereof, for the service of an individual as an election official or election worker (within the meaning of section 3121(b)(7)(F)(iv)), paragraph (1)(B) shall be applied without regard to the phrase ‘in the case of payments made before January 1, 2026,’.”.

(d) Information reporting not required by reason of certain amounts excludible from gross income.—Section 6041 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(h) Treatment of certain excludible compensation of election workers.—In the case of any payment by a State, political subdivision of a State, or any instrumentality of a State or any political subdivision thereof, for the service of an individual as an election official or election worker (within the meaning of section 3121(b)(7)(F)(iv)), the determination of whether the $600 threshold described in subsection (a) has been met with respect to such individual shall be determined by not taking into account—

“(1) any such payment which is qualified election worker compensation (as defined in section 139I(c)) which does not exceed the limitation described in section 139I(b), and

“(2) any such payment which is excludible from the gross income of such individual under section 127.”.

(e) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to payments made after December 31, 2022, in taxable years ending after such date.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Protect American Voters Act”.

(b) Adoption of voluntary guidelines by Election Assistance Commission.—

(1) ADOPTION OF GUIDELINES.—Title II of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20921 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of such Act is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to title II the following:

(c) Treatment of technology used in most recent election.—Any nonvoting election technology, as defined in section 298C of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (as added by subsection (a)(1)), which a State used in the most recent election for Federal office held in the State prior to the date of the enactment of this Act shall be deemed to be in compliance with the voluntary guidelines on the use of such technology which are adopted by the Election Assistance Commission under section 298 of such Act (as added by subsection (a)(1)).

Section 231 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20971) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(e) Status reports by National Institute of Standards and Technology.—Not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal year (beginning with 2023), the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall submit to Congress a status report describing—

“(1) the extent to which the Director carried out the Director’s responsibilities under this Act during the fiscal year, including the responsibilities imposed under this section and the responsibilities imposed with respect to the Technical Guidelines Development Committee under section 222, together with the Director’s best estimate of when the Director will completely carry out any responsibility which was not carried out completely during the fiscal year; and

“(2) the extent to which the Director carried out any projects requested by the Commission during the fiscal year, together with the Director’s best estimate of when the Director will complete any such project which the Director did not complete during the fiscal year.”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “End Zuckerbucks Act of 2022”.

(b) In general.—Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) by striking “and which does not participate” and inserting “which does not participate”, and

(2) by striking the period at the end and inserting “and which does not provide direct funding to any State or unit of local government for the purpose of the administration of elections for public office or any funding to any State or unit of local government in a case in which it is reasonable to expect such funding will be used for the purpose of the administration of elections for public office (except with respect to the donation of space to a State or unit of local government to be used as a polling place in an election for public office).”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to funding provided in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2023.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Election Integrity Mail Reform Act of 2022”.

(b) Prioritizing election mail.—Title 39, United States Code, is amended by adding after chapter 36 the following:

“Sec.
“3701. Prioritization of processing and delivery of election mail.
“3702. Use of nonprofit permit for cooperative mailings.
“3703. Marking or notice on election mail.
“3704. Application to Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act.

(c) Postmarking stamps.—Section 503 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “Whoever forges” and inserting “(a) Whoever forges”;

(2) by striking “or such impression thereof,” and all that follows and inserting the following:

“or such impression thereof—

“(1) shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; or

“(2) if the impression from a postmarking stamp or impression thereof forged, counterfeited, used, sold, or possessed in violation of this section is applied to a mailed ballot for an election for Federal, State, or local office, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”; and

(3) by adding at the end following new subsection:

“(a) Whoever, with the intent to falsify the date on which a postmark was applied, applies to a mailed ballot described in subsection (a)(2) a genuine postmark that bears a date other than the date on which such postmark was applied, shall be subject to the penalties set forth in such subsection.”.

Section 1254 of title 28, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting a period; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) By appeal by a party (including the State as represented by any agent authorized as a party under State law) relying on a State statute held by a court of appeals to be invalid as repugnant to the Constitution, treaties or laws of the United States, but such appeal shall preclude review by writ of certiorari at the instance of such appellant, and the review on appeal shall be restricted to the Federal questions presented.”.

Executive Order 14019 (86 Fed. Reg. 13623; relating to promoting access to voting) shall have no force or effect to the extent that it is inconsistent with section 7 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20506).

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “No Federal Funds for Ballot Harvesting Act”.

(b) Findings.—Congress finds that—

(1) the right to vote is a fundamental right of citizens of the United States, as described by the Constitution of the United States;

(2) the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives, which is charged with investigating election irregularities, received reports through its official Election Observer Program for the 2018 general election and the 2020 general election, as well as from other stakeholders, that individuals other than voters themselves were depositing large amounts of absentee ballots at polling places throughout California and other States, a practice colloquially known as “ballot harvesting”;

(3) the practice of ballot harvesting creates significant vulnerabilities in the chain-of-custody of ballots because individuals collecting ballots are not required to be registered voters and are not required to identify themselves at a voter’s home, and the State does not track how many ballots are harvested in an election;

(4) in North Carolina, a congressional election was invalidated due to fraud associated with ballot harvesting committed by a political operative, and it is unlikely such activity would have been detected were it not for the prohibition against ballot harvesting in the State;

(5) ballot harvesting invites electioneering activity at home and weakens States’ long-standing voter protection procedures, which remain in place at polling locations, creating the possibility of undue influence over voters by political operatives and other bad actors; and

(6) the Supreme Court of the United States has affirmed State authority to restrict ballot harvesting (Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, 141 S. Ct. 2321 (2021)).

(c) Prohibition on Federal funds for election administration for States allowing collection and transmission of ballots by certain third parties.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“Sec. 908. Prohibition on Federal funds for election administration for States allowing collection and transmission of ballots by certain third parties.”.

Section 301 of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (52 U.S.C. 20701) is amended by inserting “ including envelopes used to deliver ballots by mail,” after “requisite to voting in such election,”.

(a) In general.—With respect to hiring election workers in a State or local jurisdiction, the State or local jurisdiction may give preference to individuals who are veterans or individuals with a disability.

(b) Individual with a disability defined.—In this section, an “individual with a disability” means an individual with an impairment that substantially limits any major life activities.

(a) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Postmaster General shall, in coordination with the appropriate State executives of each State, carry out a program to identify and assign a mailing address to each home in each State that, as of the date of the enactment of this Act, does not have a mailing address assigned to such home, with a priority given to assigning mailing addresses to such homes located on Indian lands.

(b) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) INDIAN.—The term “Indian” has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

(2) INDIAN LANDS.—The term “Indian lands” includes—

(A) any Indian country of an Indian Tribe, as defined under section 1151 of title 18, United States Code;

(B) any land in Alaska owned, pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), by an Indian Tribe that is a Native village (as defined in section 3 of that Act (43 U.S.C. 1602)) or by a Village Corporation that is associated with an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 3 of that Act (43 U.S.C. 1602));

(C) any land on which the seat of the Tribal Government is located; and

(D) any land that is part or all of a Tribal designated statistical area associated with an Indian Tribe, or is part or all of an Alaska Native village statistical area associated with an Indian Tribe, as defined by the Census Bureau for the purposes of the most recent decennial census.

(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term “Indian Tribe” has the meaning given the term “Indian tribe” in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

(4) STATE.—The term “State” has the meaning given such term in section 901 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141).

(5) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term “Tribal Government” means the recognized governing body of an Indian Tribe.

(c) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to carry out this section.

Section 901 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141) is amended by striking “and the United States Virgin Islands” and inserting “the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands”.

This subtitle may be cited as the “American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia Election Integrity and Voter Confidence Act”.

(a) Requirements described.—Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle:

(b) Conforming amendment relating to enforcement.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111) is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: “, and the requirements of subtitle C with respect to the District of Columbia.”.

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents of such Act is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to title III the following:

The amendments made by this subtitle shall apply with respect to District of Columbia elections held on or after January 1, 2024. For purposes of this section, the term “District of Columbia election” has the meaning given such term in section 333 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002, as added by section 142(a).

This subtitle may be cited as the “Positioning the Election Assistance Commission for the Future Act of 2022”.

Congress finds the following:

(1) The Election Assistance Commission best serves the American people when operating within its core statutory functions, including serving as a clearinghouse for information on election administration, providing grants, and testing and certifying election equipment.

(2) The American people are best served when Federal agency election assistance is offered by a single agency with expertise in this space. The Election Assistance Commission, composed of four election experts from different political parties, is best situated among the Federal Government agencies to offer assistance services to citizens and to guide other Federal agencies that have responsibilities in the elections space. The Commission is also best suited to determine the timing of the issuance of any advisories and to disburse all appropriated election grant funding.

(3) To this end, Congress finds that the Election Assistance Commission should be viewed as the lead Federal Government agency on all election administration matters, and other Federal agencies operating in this space should look to the Commission for guidance, direction, and support on election administration-related issues.

(a) Staff.—Section 204(a)(5) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20924(a)(5)) is amended by striking “of such additional personnel” and inserting “of not more than 55 full-time equivalent employees to carry out the duties and responsibilities under this Act and the additional duties and responsibilities required under the American Confidence in Elections Act”.

(b) Funding.—Section 210 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20930) is amended—

(1) by striking “for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2005” and inserting “for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2025”; and

(2) by striking “(but not to exceed $10,000,000 for each such year)” and inserting “(but not to exceed $25,000,000 for each such year)”.

(c) Prohibition on certain use of funds.—

(1) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available under subsection (b) may be obligated or expended for the operation of an advisory committee established by the Election Assistance Commission pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App. 2), except with respect to the operation of the Local Leadership Council.

(2) NO EFFECT ON ENTITIES ESTABLISHED BY HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT OF 2002.—Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to the operation of any entity established by the Help America Vote Act of 2002, including the Election Assistance Commission Standards Board, the Election Assistance Commission Board of Advisors, and the Technical Guidelines Development Committee.

(d) Requirements with respect to compensation of members of the Commission.—Section 203(d) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20923(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “at the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code” and inserting “at an annual rate of basic pay equal to the amount of $186,300, as adjusted under section 5318 of title 5, United States Code, in the same manner as the annual rate of pay for positions at each level of the Executive Schedule”;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “No member appointed” and inserting “Except as provided in paragraph (3), no member appointed”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(3) SUPPLEMENTAL EMPLOYMENT AND COMPENSATION.—An individual serving a term of service on the Commission shall be permitted to hold a position at an institution of higher education (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) if—

“(A) the Inspector General of the Election Assistance Commission determines that such position does not create a conflict of interest with the individual’s position as a sitting member of the Commission and grants the individual approval to hold the position; and

“(B) the annual rate of compensation received by the individual from such institution is not greater than the amount equal to 49.9% of the annual rate of basic pay paid to the individual under paragraph (1).”.

(e) Office of Inspector General.—Section 204 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20924) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(f) Office of Inspector General.—The Inspector General of the Election Assistance Commission may appoint not more than 7 full-time equivalent employees to assist the Inspector General to carry out the duties and responsibilities under section 4 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 4), of whom 2 shall have primarily administrative duties and responsibilities.”.

(f) Effective date.—This section and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on October 1, 2022.

(a) In general.—No entity of the Federal Government other than the Election Assistance Commission may make any payment to a State for purposes of administering elections for Federal office, including obtaining election and voting equipment and infrastructure, enhancing election and voting technology, and making election and voting security improvements, including with respect to cybersecurity and infrastructure.

(b) Effective date.—Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to payments made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Section 213(c) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20943(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(5) AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO CONTRACTS.—The Executive Board of the Standards Board may, using amounts already made available to the Commission, enter into contracts to employ and retain no more than 2 individuals to enable the Standards Board to discharge its duties with respect to the examination and release of voluntary considerations with respect to the administration of elections for Federal offices by the States under section 247, except that—

“(A) no more than 1 individual from the same political party may be employed under such contracts at the same time;

“(B) the authority to enter into such contracts shall end on the earlier of the date of the release of the considerations or December 31, 2023; and

“(C) no additional funds may be appropriated to the Commission for the purposes of carrying out this paragraph.”.

Except as provided in any other provision of law, the Election Assistance Commission shall, with respect to any other entity of the Federal Government, have primary jurisdiction to address issues with respect to the administration of elections for Federal office.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Keeping Foreign Money out of Ballot Measures Act of 2022”.

(b) In general.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(c) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“612. Foreign nationals making certain political contributions.”.

(d) Effective Date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply with respect to contributions and donations made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Solving an Overlooked Loophole in Votes for Executives (SOLVE) Act”.

(a) Establishment.—There is established the “Twentieth Amendment Section Four Panel” (in this section referred to as the “Panel”).

(b) Membership.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Panel shall be composed of 6 constitutional experts, of whom—

(A) 1 shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate;

(B) 1 shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate;

(C) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the majority and minority leader of the Senate;

(D) 1 shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives;

(E) 1 shall be appointed by minority leader of the House of Representatives; and

(F) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

(2) DATE.—The appointments of the members of the Panel shall be made not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.

(3) VACANCY.—Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the Panel shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.

(4) CHAIRPERSON AND VICE CHAIRPERSON.—The Panel shall select a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson from among the members of the Panel.

(c) Purpose.—The purpose of the Panel shall be to recommend to Congress model legislation, which shall provide for an appropriate process, pursuant to section 4 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, to resolve any vacancy created by the death of a candidate in a contingent presidential or vice-presidential election.

(d) Reports.—

(1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which all of the appointments have been made under subsection (b)(2), the Panel shall submit to Congress an interim report containing the Panel’s findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

(2) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the submission of the interim report under paragraph (1), the Panel shall submit to Congress a final report containing the Panel’s findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

(e) Meetings; information.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Meetings of the Panel shall be held at the Law Library of Congress.

(2) INFORMATION.—The Panel may secure from the Law Library of Congress such information as the Panel considers necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(f) Funds.—

(1) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.—Members of the Panel shall receive no compensation.

(2) OTHER FUNDING.—No amounts shall be appropriated for the purposes of this section, except for any amounts strictly necessary for the Law Library of Congress to execute its responsibilities under subsection (e).

(g) Termination.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The panel established under subsection (a) shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the panel submits the final report required under subsection (d)(2).

(2) RECORDS.—Upon termination of the panel, all of its records shall become the records of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives.

Congress finds the following:

(1) Participation in the voting process by Americans who serve in the Armed Forces is vital to the future of the Republic; however, due to the realities of service around the globe and despite many best efforts, the Nation has not always lived up to its commitment to servicemembers that their vote be counted.

(2) The Military and Overseas Empowerment (MOVE) Act made great progress in solving problems with voting that many servicemembers faced. Yet, for many, it is still difficult to exercise the franchise, with many ballots not reaching State elections officials until after the deadline, negating their voice. After 13 years, Congress must address the remaining issues.

(3) Congress finds that it is a moral imperative of national importance that every eligible American servicemember has the opportunity to cast a ballot in each election and, not only that such ballot be received in time to be counted, but that it actually be counted according to law.

(a) Analysis.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an analysis with respect to the effectiveness of the Federal Government in carrying out its responsibilities under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.) to promote access to voting for absent uniformed services voters (as such term is defined in section 107 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20310)).

(b) Report.—Not later than December 31, 2023, the Comptroller General shall submit to the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives and the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate a report that contains the results of the analysis required by subsection (a).

Congress finds the following:

(1) The structure of the Constitution and its amendments represents the radical idea that any sovereign power exercised by the Federal Government flows either directly from the people or through the States they established to govern themselves. In the words of the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, “[t]he enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

(2) Among the many freedoms it protects, the First Amendment prevents Congress from making any law abridging the freedom of speech, the right of the people peaceably to assemble, or the right of the people to petition the Government for the redress of grievances.

(3) Any proposed Federal action concerning freedom of speech, protest, or petition must start with an analysis of the First Amendment. Congress must ask whether the proposed action would abridge these freedoms, and any uncertainty must be determined in favor of fewer restrictions on speech.

(4) In particular, political speech, uttered in the furtherance of self-government, must raise an even higher bar to congressional abridgement. The mechanisms and media used to offer political speech must realize the same protections.

(5) As the Supreme Court has recognized, the Constitution grants Congress only a very narrow interest in the regulation of political speech, the prevention of corruption or the appearance of corruption.

(6) In order to uphold and effectuate the Constitution, any Federal statute that goes beyond this interest must be repealed, and Congress must exercise its Article 1 authorities to do so.

(a) Repeal of Limits.—Section 315(d) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30116(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking “may make expenditures” and inserting “may make expenditures, including coordinated expenditures,”; and

(B) by striking “Federal office, subject to the limitations contained in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection” and inserting “Federal office in any amount”; and

(2) by striking paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5).

(b) Clarifying treatment of certain party communications as coordinated expenditures.—Section 315(d) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(d)), as amended by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) For purposes of this subsection, if a public communication paid for by a committee of a political party or its agent refers to a clearly identified House or Senate candidate and is publicly distributed or otherwise publicly disseminated in the clearly identified candidate’s jurisdiction, the communication shall be treated as a coordinated expenditure in connection with the campaign of a candidate for purposes of this subsection.”.

(c) Conforming amendment relating to Indexing.—Section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i), by striking “(d),”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)(i), by striking “subsections (b) and (d)” and inserting “subsection (b)”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) Findings.—Congress finds that the Supreme Court of the United States in McCutcheon v. FEC, 572 U.S. 185 (2014) determined the biennial aggregate limits under section 315(a)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)(3)) to be unconstitutional.

(b) Repeal.—Section 315(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)) is amended by striking paragraph (3).

(c) Conforming amendments.—Section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)) is amended by striking “(a)(3),” each place it appears in paragraph (1)(B)(i), (1)(C), and (2)(B)(ii).

(a) In general.—Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)(1)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking “a national political party” and inserting “a national or State political party”;

(2) by adding “or” at the end of subparagraph (B);

(3) in subparagraph (C), by striking “; or” and inserting a period; and

(4) by striking subparagraph (D).

(b) Contributions by multicandidate political committees.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 315(a)(2)(B) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking “a national political party” and inserting “a national or State political party”.

(2) PRICE INDEX ADJUSTMENT.—Section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(D) In any calendar year after 2022—

“(i) a threshold established by subsection (a)(2) shall be increased by the percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);

“(ii) each amount so increased shall remain in effect for the calendar year; and

“(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking “and” at the end;

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(iii) for purposes of subsection (a)(2), calendar year 2022.”.

(c) Acceptance of additional amounts for certain accounts.—

(1) PERMITTING ACCEPTANCE OF ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS IN SAME MANNER AS NATIONAL PARTIES.—Section 315(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “paragraph (9)” and inserting “paragraph (9) or paragraph (10)”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “paragraph (9)” and inserting “paragraph (9) or paragraph (10)”.

(2) ACCOUNTS.—Section 315(a)(9) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)(9)) is amended by striking “national committee of a political party” each place it appears in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) and inserting “committee of a national or State political party”.

(3) STATE PARTY CONVENTION ACCOUNTS DESCRIBED.—Section 315(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(10) An account described in this paragraph is a separate, segregated account of a political committee established and maintained by a State committee of a political party which is used solely to defray—

“(A) expenses incurred with respect to carrying out State party nominating activities or other party-building conventions; or

“(B) expenses incurred with respect to providing for the attendance of delegates at a presidential nominating convention, but only to the extent that such expenses are not paid for from the account described in paragraph (9)(A).”.

(d) Clarification of indexing of amounts To ensure equalization of party contribution limits.—For purposes of applying section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)) to limits on the amount of contributions to political committees established and maintained by a State political party, the amendments made by this section shall be considered to have been included in section 307 of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–55; 116 Stat. 102).

(e) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) Expansion of permissible use of funds not subject to contribution limits or source prohibitions by State and local political parties for Federal election activity.—Section 323(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30125(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows:

“(2) APPLICABILITY.—Notwithstanding section 301(20), for purposes of paragraph (1), an amount that is expended or disbursed by a State, district, or local committee of a political party shall be considered to be expended or disbursed for Federal election activity only if the committee coordinated the expenditure or disbursement of the amount with a candidate for election for Federal office or an authorized committee of a candidate for election for Federal office.”.

(b) Conforming amendments.—

(1) FUNDRAISING COSTS.—Section 323(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30125(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: “In the case of a person described in subsection (b), the previous sentence applies only if the amount was spent by such person in coordination with a candidate for election for Federal office or an authorized committee of a candidate for election for Federal office, as determined pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Commission for the purpose of determining whether a political party communication is coordinated with a candidate, a candidate's authorized committee, or an agent thereof.”.

(2) APPEARANCE OF FEDERAL CANDIDATES OR OFFICEHOLDERS AT FUNDRAISING EVENTS.—Section 323(e)(3) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30125(e)(3)) is amended by striking “subsection (b)(2)(C)” and inserting “subsection (b)”.

(a) Findings.—Congress finds the following:

(1) While Federal law permits the Federal Election Commission to engage in certain “gap-filling” activities as it administers the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, the regulations promulgated by the Federal Election Commission to govern joint fundraising activities of multiple political committees are not tied specifically to any particular provision of the Act, and while these regulations generally duplicate the provisions of the Act, they also impose additional and unnecessary burdens on political committees which seek to engage in joint fundraising activities, such as a requirement for written agreements between the participating committees.

(2) It is therefore not necessary at this time to direct the Federal Election Commission to repeal the existing regulations which govern joint fundraising activities of multiple political committees, as some political committees may have reasons for following the provisions of such regulations which impose additional and unnecessary burdens on these activities.

(b) Criteria for participation in joint fundraising activities.—Section 302 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30102) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(j) Criteria for participation in joint fundraising activities by multiple political committees.—

“(1) CRITERIA DESCRIBED.—Two or more political committees as defined in this Act may participate in joint fundraising activities in accordance with the following criteria:

“(A) The costs of the activities shall be allocated among and paid for by the participating committees on the basis of the allocation among the participating committees of the contributions received as a result of the activities.

“(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), a participating committee may make a payment (in whole or in part) for the portion of the costs of the activities which is allocated to another participating committee, and the amount of any such payment shall be treated as a contribution made by the committee to the other participating committee.

“(C) The provisions of section 315(a)(8) regarding the treatment of contributions to a candidate which are earmarked or otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit shall apply to contributions made by a person to a participating committee which are allocated by the committee to another participating committee.

“(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection may be construed to prohibit two or more political committees from participating in joint fundraising activities by designating or establishing a separate, joint committee subject to the registration and reporting requirements of this Act or by publishing a joint fundraising notice.”.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Speech Privacy Act of 2022”.

(b) Restrictions on collection of donor information.—

(1) RESTRICTIONS.—An entity of the Federal Government may not collect or require the submission of information on the identification of any donor to a tax-exempt organization.

(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Paragraph (1) does not apply to the following:

(A) The Internal Revenue Service, acting lawfully pursuant to section 6033 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or any successor provision.

(B) The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, acting lawfully pursuant to section 3 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604).

(C) The Federal Election Commission, acting lawfully pursuant to section 510 of title 36, United States Code.

(D) An entity acting pursuant to a lawful order of a court or administrative body which has the authority under law to direct the entity to collect or require the submission of the information, but only to the extent permitted by the lawful order of such court or administrative body.

(c) Restrictions on release of donor information.—

(1) RESTRICTIONS.—An entity of the Federal Government may not disclose to the public information revealing the identification of any donor to a tax-exempt organization.

(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Paragraph (1) does not apply to the following:

(A) The Internal Revenue Service, acting lawfully pursuant to section 6104 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or any successor provision.

(B) The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, acting lawfully pursuant to section 3 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604).

(C) The Federal Election Commission, acting lawfully pursuant to section 510 of title 36, United States Code.

(D) An entity acting pursuant to a lawful order of a court or administrative body which has the authority under law to direct the entity to disclose the information, but only to the extent permitted by the lawful order of such court or administrative body.

(E) An entity which discloses the information as authorized by the organization.

(d) Tax-Exempt organization defined.—In this section, a “tax-exempt organization” means an organization which is described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code. Nothing in this subsection may be construed to treat a political organization under section 527 of such Code as a tax-exempt organization for purposes of this section.

(e) Penalties.—It shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of the United States, or any former officer or employee, willfully to disclose to any person, except as authorized in this section, any information revealing the identification of any donor to a tax-exempt organization. Any violation of this section shall be a felony punishable upon conviction by a fine in any amount not exceeding $250,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution, and if such offense is committed by any officer or employee of the United States, he shall, in addition to any other punishment, be dismissed from office or discharged from employment upon conviction for such offense.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Don't Weaponize the IRS Act”.

(b) Organizations exempt from reporting.—

(1) GROSS RECEIPTS THRESHOLD.—Clause (ii) of section 6033(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “$5,000” and inserting “$50,000”.

(2) ORGANIZATIONS DESCRIBED.—Subparagraph (C) of section 6033(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(A) by striking “and” at the end of clause (v),

(B) by striking the period at the end of clause (vi) and inserting a semicolon, and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clauses:

“(vii) any other organization described in section 501(c) (other than a private foundation or a supporting organization described in section 509(a)(3)); and

“(viii) any organization (other than a private foundation or a supporting organization described in section 509(a)(3)) which is not described in section 170(c)(2)(A), or which is created or organized in a possession of the United States, which has no significant activity (including lobbying and political activity and the operation of a trade or business) other than investment activity in the United States.”.

(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(c) Clarification of application to section 527 organizations.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (1) of section 6033(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(A) by striking “This section” and inserting “Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, this section”, and

(B) by striking “for the taxable year.” and inserting “for the taxable year in the same manner as to an organization exempt from taxation under section 501(a).”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(d) Reporting of names and addresses of contributors.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (1) of section 6033(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following: “Except as provided in subsections (b)(5) and (g)(2)(B), such annual return shall not be required to include the names and addresses of contributors to the organization.”.

(2) APPLICATION TO SECTION 527 ORGANIZATIONS.—Paragraph (2) of section 6033(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(A) by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (A),

(B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C), and

(C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new subparagraph:

“(B) containing the names and addresses of all substantial contributors, and”.

(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—The Department of the Treasury, including the Internal Revenue Service, may not issue, revise, or finalize any regulation, revenue ruling, or other guidance not limited to a particular taxpayer relating to the standard which is used to determine whether an organization is operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare for purposes of section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (including the proposed regulations published at 78 Fed. Reg. 71535 (November 29, 2013)).

(b) Application of current standards and definitions.—The standard and definitions as in effect on January 1, 2010, which are used to make determinations described in subsection (a) shall apply after the date of the enactment of this Act for purposes of determining status under section 501(c)(4) of such Code of organizations created on, before, or after such date.

(a) Short title.—This section may be cited as the “Jonny Wade Pediatric Cancer Research Act”.

(b) Findings relating to pediatric cancer.—Congress finds that pediatric cancer—

(1) kills over 100,000 children annually worldwide;

(2) reduces a child’s life expectancy by 69 years once diagnosed;

(3) increases the likelihood of a secondary cancer;

(4) is the leading cause of death by disease in children;

(5) affects over 300,000 children annually worldwide; and

(6) gives life-long adverse side effects to the patient.

(c) Findings relating to pediatric cancer research.—Congress finds that pediatric cancer research—

(1) increases new treatments for safety and effectiveness;

(2) increases the likelihood of identifying a secondary cancer after treatment;

(3) increases survival rates for children;

(4) increases the identity factors that may be associated with reducing risk;

(5) enhances our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of cancer;

(6) increases survivorship research to reduce the long-term adverse effects of cancer and its treatment; and

(7) increases the ability to identify the likely causes of pediatric cancer.

(d) Findings relating to public financing of Presidential elections.—Congress finds that—

(1) the Presidential Election Campaign Fund has a surplus of $392 million; and

(2) no major party candidate in the general Presidential election has accepted public financing since 2008.

(e) Termination of designation of income tax payments.—Section 6096 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(d) Termination.—This section shall not apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022.”.

(f) Termination of fund and account.—

(1) TERMINATION OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 95 of subtitle H of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(B) TRANSFER OF REMAINING FUNDS.—Section 9006 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(d) Transfer of funds remaining after termination.—The Secretary shall transfer the amounts in the fund as of the date of the enactment of this subsection to the 10-Year Pediatric Research Initiative Fund described in section 9008(c)(2), to be available as described in such section and to remain so available until expended.”.

(2) TERMINATION OF ACCOUNT.—Chapter 96 of subtitle H of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(g) Payments for presidential nominating conventions.—Section 9008 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “under paragraph (3)”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “under paragraph (3)”;

(C) by striking paragraph (3); and

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4);

(2) by striking subsections (c) through (h); and

(3) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (c).

(h) Clerical amendments.—

(1) The table of sections for chapter 95 of subtitle H of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“Sec. 9014. Termination.”.

(2) The table of sections for chapter 96 of subtitle H of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“Sec. 9043. Termination.”.

(i) Sense of Congress regarding NIH research.—The Congress encourages the Director of the National Institutes of Health to oversee and coordinate research that is conducted or supported by the National Institutes of Health for research on pediatric cancer and other pediatric diseases and conditions, including through the 10-Year Pediatric Research Initiative Fund.

(j) Avoiding replicate.—Clause (ii) of section 402(b)(7)(B) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 282(b)(7)(B)) is amended by inserting “and shall prioritize such pediatric research that does not replicate existing research activities of the National Institutes of Health” before “; and”.

No Federal funds, including amounts attributable to the collection of fines and penalties, may be used to make any payment in support of a campaign for election for the office of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.

Section 304(a)(11)(A)(i) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104(a)(11)(A)(i)) is amended by inserting “or makes, or has reason to expect to make, electioneering communications” after “expenditures”.

(a) In general.—Section 301(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(4)) is amended to read as follows:

“(4) The term ‘political committee’ means—

“(A) any committee, club, association, or other group of persons, including any local committee of a political party, which receives contributions aggregating in excess of $25,000 during a calendar year or which makes expenditures aggregating in excess of $25,000 during a calendar year and which is under the control of a candidate or has the major purpose of nominating or electing a candidate; or

“(B) any separate segregated fund established under the provisions of section 316(b).”.

(b) Definition.—Section 301 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30101) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(27) MAJOR PURPOSE OF NOMINATING OR ELECTING A CANDIDATE.—The term ‘major purpose of nominating or electing a candidate’ means, with respect to a group of persons described in paragraph (4)(A)—

“(A) a group whose central organizational purpose is to expressly advocate for the nomination, election, or defeat of a candidate; or

“(B) a group for which the majority of its spending throughout its lifetime of existence has been on contributions, expenditures, or independent expenditures.”.

(c) Price index adjustment for political committee threshold.—Section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)), as amended by section 304(b), is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(E) In any calendar year after 2022—

“(i) a threshold established by section 301(4)(A) or 301(4)(C) shall be increased by the percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);

“(ii) each amount so increased shall remain in effect for the calendar year; and

“(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(A) in clause (ii), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(iv) for purposes of sections 301(4)(A) and 301(4)(C), calendar year 2022.”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) In general.—Section 304(c)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104(c)(1)) is amended by striking “$250” and inserting “$1,000”.

(b) Price index adjustment for independent expenditure reporting threshold.—Section 315(c) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)), as amended by sections 304(b) and 322(b), is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(F) In any calendar year after 2022—

“(i) a threshold established by section 304(c)(1) shall be increased by the percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);

“(ii) each amount so increased shall remain in effect for the calendar year; and

“(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(A) in clause (iii), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(v) for purposes of section 304(c)(1), calendar year 2022.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) Increase in threshold.—Section 301(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(2)) is amended by striking “$5,000” each place it appears and inserting “$10,000”.

(b) Price index adjustment for exemption of certain amounts as contributions.—Section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)), as amended by sections 304(b), 322(b), and 323(b), is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(G) In any calendar year after 2022—

“(i) a threshold established by sections 301(2) shall be increased by the percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);

“(ii) each amount so increased shall remain for the 2-year period that begins on the first day following the date of the general election in the year preceding the year in which the amount is increased and ending on the date of the next general election; and

“(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(A) in clause (iv), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in clause (v), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(vi) for purposes of sections 301(2), calendar year 2022.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) Repeal.—Section 304(c)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104(c)(2)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A), by adding “and” at the end;

(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking “; and” and inserting a period; and

(3) by striking subparagraph (C).

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 304(c)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104(c)(1)) is amended by striking “the information required under subsection (b)(3)(A) for all contributions received by such person” and inserting “the information required under paragraph (2)”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to independent expenditures made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Real or personal property exemption.—Section 301(8)(B)(ii) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(8)(B)(ii)) is amended—

(1) by striking “$1,000” and inserting “$2,000”; and

(2) by striking “$2,000” and inserting “$4,000”.

(b) Travel expenses exemption.—Section 301(8)(B)(iv) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(8)(B)(iv)) is amended—

(1) by striking “$1,000” and inserting “$2,000”; and

(2) by striking “$2,000” and inserting “$4,000”.

(c) Price index adjustment for exemption of certain amounts as contributions.—Section 315(c) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30116(c)), as amended by sections 304(b), 322(b), 323(b), and 324(b) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(H) In any calendar year after 2022—

“(i) the exemption amounts established by section 301(8)(B)(ii) or 301(8)(B)(iv) shall be increased by the percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);

“(ii) each amount so increased shall remain for the 2-year period that begins on the first day following the date of the general election in the year preceding the year in which the amount is increased and ending on the date of the next general election; and

“(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(A) in clause (v), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(vii) for purposes of section 301(8)(B)(ii) or 301(8)(B)(iv), calendar year 2022.”.

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) Exemptions.—

(1) EXEMPTION FROM TREATMENT AS CONTRIBUTION.—Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(8)(B)) is amended—

(A) by striking “and” at the end of clause (xiii);

(B) by striking the period at the end of clause (xiv) and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(xv) any payment by any person in producing and disseminating any information or communication on the Internet, Internet platform or other Internet-enabled application, unless the information or communication is disseminated for a fee on another person’s website, platform or other Internet-enabled application, whether coordinated or not.”.

(2) EXEMPTION FROM TREATMENT AS EXPENDITURE.—Section 301(9)(B) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30101(9)(B)) is amended—

(A) by striking “and” at the end of clause (ix);

(B) by striking the period at the end of clause (x) and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:

“(xi) any cost incurred by any person in producing and disseminating any information or communication on the Internet, Internet platform or other Internet-enabled application, unless the information or communication is disseminated for a fee on another person’s website, platform or other Internet-enabled application.”.

(b) Application to definition of public communications.—Section 301(22) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30101(22)) is amended by adding at the end the following: “In the previous sentence, the terms ‘public communication’ and ‘general public political advertising’ do not include communications disseminated over the Internet or via an Internet platform or other Internet-enabled application, unless the communication or advertising is disseminated for a fee on another person’s website, platform or other internet-enabled application.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

(a) Expansion of exemption to additional forms of media.—Section 301(9)(B)(i) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(9)(B)(i)) is amended to read as follows:

“(i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting, cable, satellite, or internet-based station, programmer, operator or producer; newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publisher; electronic publisher, platform, or application; book publisher; or filmmaker or film producer, distributor or exhibitor, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate;”.

(b) Application to contributions.—Section 301(8)(B) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30101(8)(B)), as amended by section 332(a)(1), is amended—

(1) by redesignating clauses (i) through (xv) as clauses (ii) through (xvi); and

(2) by inserting before clause (ii) (as so redesignated) the following new clause:

“(i) any payment for any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting, cable, satellite, or internet-based station, programmer, operator or producer; newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publisher; electronic publisher, platform, or application; book publisher; or filmmaker or film producer, distributor or exhibitor.”.

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held during 2024 or any succeeding year.

The Securities and Exchange Commission may not finalize, issue, or implement any rule, regulation, or order regarding the disclosure of political contributions, contributions to tax exempt organizations, or dues paid to trade associations.

Section 309(a)(4)(C)(v) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(4)(C)(v)) is amended by striking “, and that end on or before December 31, 2023”.

Section 302(h)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30102(h)(1)) is amended by striking “except by check drawn on such accounts in accordance with this section” and inserting “except from such accounts”.

(a) In General.—Section 302 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30102), as amended by section 307(b), is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(k) (1) Each candidate may, with respect to each authorized committee of the candidate, designate an individual who shall be responsible for disbursing funds in the accounts of the committee in the event of the death of the candidate, and may also designate another individual to carry out the responsibilities of the designated individual under this subsection in the event of the death or incapacity of the designated individual or the unwillingness of the designated individual to carry out the responsibilities.

“(2) In order to designate an individual under this subsection, the candidate shall file with the Commission a signed written statement (in a standardized form developed by the Commission) that contains the name and address of the individual and the name of the authorized committee for which the designation shall apply, and that may contain the candidate’s instructions regarding the disbursement of the funds involved by the individual. At any time after filing the statement, the candidate may revoke the designation of an individual by filing with the Commission a signed written statement of revocation (in a standardized form developed by the Commission).

“(3) (A) Upon the death of a candidate who has designated an individual for purposes of paragraph (1), funds in the accounts of each authorized committee of the candidate may be disbursed only under the direction and in accordance with the instructions of such individual, subject to the terms and conditions applicable to the disbursement of such funds under this Act or any other applicable Federal or State law (other than any provision of State law which authorizes any person other than such individual to direct the disbursement of such funds).

“(B) Subparagraph (A) does not apply with respect to an authorized committee if, at the time of the candidate’s death, the authorized committee has a treasurer or a designated agent of the treasurer as described in section 302(a), unless the treasurer or designated agent is incapacitated or cannot be reached by the authorized committee.

“(C) Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to grant any authority to an individual who is designated pursuant to this subsection other than the authority to direct the disbursement of funds as provided in such paragraph, or may be construed to affect the responsibility of the treasurer of an authorized committee for which funds are disbursed in accordance with such paragraph to file reports of the disbursements of such funds under section 304(a).”.

(b) Inclusion of Designation in Statement of Organization of Committee.—Section 303(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30103(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (5), by striking “and” at the end;

(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(7) in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate who has designated an individual under section 302(k) (including a second individual designated to carry out the responsibilities of that individual under such section in the event of that individual’s death or incapacity or unwillingness to carry out the responsibilities) to disburse funds from the accounts of the committee in the event of the death of the candidate, a copy of the statement filed by the candidate with the Commission under such section (as well as a copy of any subsequent statement of revocation filed by the candidate with the Commission under such section).”.

(c) Effective Date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to authorized campaign committees which are designated under section 302(e)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Section 320 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30122) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: “No person shall knowingly direct, help, or assist any person in making a contribution in the name of another person.”.

(a) Unanimous consent.—Section 307 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30107) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(f) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Commission shall defend each action brought against the Commission under this Act or chapter 95 and 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986—

“(A) through the general counsel, as provided in subsection (a)(6);

“(B) by appointing counsel as provided in section 306(f)(4); or

“(C) by referral to the Attorney General in the case of a criminal action.

“(2) The Commission may refuse to defend an action brought against the Commission pursuant to the unanimous vote of its Members.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to actions brought on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Section 306(a)(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30106(a)(4)) is amended by striking “equivalent to the compensation paid at level IV of the Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5315)” and inserting “at an annual rate of basic pay of $186,300, as adjusted under section 5318 of title 5, United States Code, in the same manner as the annual rate of pay for positions at each level of the Executive Schedule”.

(a) 5-Year limitation.—Section 406(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30145(a)) is amended—

(1) by striking “(a)” and inserting “(a)(1)”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) No person shall be subject to a civil penalty for any violation of title III of this Act unless the proceeding is initiated in accordance with section 309 not later than 5 years after the date on which the violation occurred.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to violations occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Election Commission shall publish in the Federal Register proposed regulations to carry out this title and the amendments made by this title.

This title may be cited as the “Election Security Assistance Act”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and 30 days after the end of each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of the appropriate Federal entities, shall submit a joint report to the appropriate congressional committees and the chief State election official of each State on foreign threats to elections in the United States, including physical and cybersecurity threats.

(b) Voluntary participation by States.—The Secretary shall solicit and consider voluntary comments from all State election agencies. Participation by an election agency in the report under this section shall be voluntary and at the discretion of the State.

(c) Appropriate Federal entities.—In this section, the term “appropriate Federal entities” means—

(1) the Department of Commerce, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology;

(2) the Department of Defense;

(3) the Department of Homeland Security, including the component of the Department that reports to the Under Secretary responsible for overseeing critical infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department;

(4) the Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(5) the Election Assistance Commission; and

(6) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Security Agency, and such other elements of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) as the Director of National Intelligence determines are appropriate.

(d) Other definitions.—In this section—

(1) the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Rules and Administration, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on House Administration, the Committee on Homeland Security, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;

(2) the term “chief State election official” means, with respect to a State, the individual designated by the State under section 10 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20509) to be responsible for coordination of the State’s responsibilities under such Act;

(3) the term “election agency” means any component of a State or any component of a unit of local government of a State that is responsible for administering Federal elections;

(4) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Homeland Security; and

(5) the term “State” has the meaning given such term in section 901 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141).

Nothing in this title may be construed as authorizing the Secretary of Homeland Security to carry out the administration of an election for Federal office.

(a) Cybersecurity advisories.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security (in this subtitle referred to as the “Director”) shall collaborate with the Election Assistance Commission (in this subtitle referred to as the “Commission”) to determine if an advisory relating to the cybersecurity of election systems used in the administration of elections for Federal office or the cybersecurity of elections for Federal office generally is necessary. If such a determination is made in the affirmative, the Director shall collaborate with the Commission in the preparation of such an advisory.

(2) PROHIBITION.—The Director may not issue an advisory described in paragraph (1) unless the Commission has provided input relating thereto.

(b) Notification.—If the Director issues an advisory described in subsection (a), the Director, in collaboration with the Commission, shall provide to appropriate State election officials and vendors of covered voting systems notification relating thereto.

(a) Process for covered voting systems.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director and the Commission (in consultation with the Technical Guidelines Development Committee and the Standards Board of the Commission), shall jointly establish a voluntary process to test for and monitor covered voting systems for cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Such process shall include the following:

(A) Mitigation strategies and other remedies.

(B) Notice to the Commission and appropriate entities of the results of testing conducted pursuant to such process.

(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Director shall implement the process established under paragraph (1) at the request of the Commission.

(b) Labeling for voting systems.—The Commission (in consultation with the Technical Guidelines Development Committee and the Standards Board of the Commission), shall establish a process to provide for the deployment of appropriate labeling available through the website of the Commission to indicate that covered voting systems passed the most recent cybersecurity testing pursuant to the process established under subsection (a).

(c) Rules of construction.—The process established under subsection (a), including the results of any testing carried out pursuant to this section, shall not affect—

(1) the certification status of equipment used in the administration of an election for Federal office under the Help America Vote Act of 2002; or

(2) the authority of the Commission to so certify such equipment under such Act.

(d) Definition.—In this section, the term “covered voting systems” means equipment used in the administration of an election for Federal office that is certified in accordance with versions of Voluntary Voting System Guidelines under the Help America Vote Act of 2002 under which such equipment is not required to be tested for cybersecurity vulnerabilities.

(a) Duty To share information with Department of Homeland Security.—If a Federal entity receives information about an election cybersecurity incident, the Federal entity shall promptly share that information with the Department of Homeland Security, unless the head of the entity (or a Senate-confirmed official designated by the head) makes a specific determination in writing that there is good cause to withhold the particular information.

(b) Response to receipt of information by Secretary of Homeland Security.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon receiving information about an election cybersecurity incident under subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall promptly (but in no case later than 96 hours after receiving the information) review the information and make a determination whether each of the following apply:

(A) There is credible evidence that the incident occurred.

(B) There is a basis to believe that the incident resulted, could have resulted, or could result in voter information systems or voter tabulation systems being altered or otherwise affected.

(2) DUTY TO NOTIFY STATE AND LOCAL OFFICIALS.—

(A) DUTY DESCRIBED.—If the Secretary makes a determination under paragraph (1) that subparagraphs (A) and (B) of such paragraph apply with respect to an election cybersecurity incident, not later than 96 hours after making the determination, the Secretary shall provide a notification of the incident to each of the following:

(i) The chief executive of the State involved.

(ii) The State election official of the State involved.

(iii) The local election official of the election agency involved.

(B) TREATMENT OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.—

(i) EFFORTS TO AVOID INCLUSION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.—In preparing a notification provided under this paragraph to an individual described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall attempt to avoid the inclusion of classified information.

(ii) PROVIDING GUIDANCE TO STATE AND LOCAL OFFICIALS.—To the extent that a notification provided under this paragraph to an individual described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) includes classified information, the Secretary (in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence) shall indicate in the notification which information is classified.

(3) EXCEPTION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence, makes a determination that it is not possible to provide a notification under paragraph (1) with respect to an election cybersecurity incident without compromising intelligence methods or sources or interfering with an ongoing investigation, the Secretary shall not provide the notification under such paragraph.

(B) ONGOING REVIEW.—Not later than 30 days after making a determination under subparagraph (A) and every 30 days thereafter, the Secretary shall review the determination. If, after reviewing the determination, the Secretary makes a revised determination that it is possible to provide a notification under paragraph (2) without compromising intelligence methods or sources or interfering with an ongoing investigation, the Secretary shall provide the notification under paragraph (2) not later than 96 hours after making such revised determination.

(4) COORDINATION WITH ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION.—The Secretary shall make determinations and provide notifications under this subsection in the same manner, and subject to the same terms and conditions relating to the role of the Election Assistance Commission, in which the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security makes determinations as to the necessity of an advisory and the issuance of an advisory under section 411(a) and the provision of notification under section 411(b).

(c) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) ELECTION AGENCY.—The term “election agency” means any component of a State, or any component of a unit of local government in a State, which is responsible for the administration of elections for Federal office in the State.

(2) ELECTION CYBERSECURITY INCIDENT.—The term “election cybersecurity incident” means an occurrence that actually or imminently jeopardizes, without lawful authority, the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of information on an information system of election infrastructure (including a vote tabulation system), or actually or imminently jeopardizes, without lawful authority, such an information system of election infrastructure.

(3) FEDERAL ELECTION.—The term “Federal election” means any election (as defined in section 301(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(1))) for Federal office (as defined in section 301(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(3))).

(4) FEDERAL ENTITY.—The term “Federal entity” means any agency (as defined in section 551 of title 5, United States Code).

(5) LOCAL ELECTION OFFICIAL.—The term “local election official” means the chief election official of a component of a unit of local government of a State that is responsible for administering Federal elections.

(6) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Homeland Security.

(7) STATE.—The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands.

(8) STATE ELECTION OFFICIAL.—The term “State election official” means—

(A) the chief State election official of a State designated under section 10 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20509); or

(B) in the case of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands, a chief State election official designated by the State for purposes of this Act.

(d) Effective date.—This section shall apply with respect to information about an election cybersecurity incident which is received on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

It is the sense of Congress that, while Congress is authorized under the Constitution of the United States to ensure that congressional redistricting is carried out in a manner consistent with the Constitution, only a State has the authority to establish maps of the congressional districts of the State and to determine the procedures and criteria used to establish such maps.

The Disinformation Governance Board of the Department of Homeland Security is hereby terminated.

No Federal funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available may be used to establish or carry out the activities of any other entity that is substantially similar to the Disinformation Governance Board terminated by section 701.

If any provision of this Act or any amendment made by this Act, or the application of any such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, and the application of such provision or amendment to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the holding.