Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 for procurement for the Army, the Navy and the Marine Corps, the Air Force, and Defense-wide activities, as specified in the funding table in section 4101.

(a) Assessment by Secretary of the Army.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Army shall conduct a classified assessment of the capability and capacity of current and planned integrated air and missile defense (IAMD) capabilities to meet combatant commander requirements for major operations against great-power competitors and other global operations in support of the National Defense Strategy.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The assessment required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) Analysis and characterization of current and emerging threats, including the following:

(i) Cruise, hypersonic, and ballistic missiles.

(ii) Unmanned aerial systems.

(iii) Rockets.

(iv) Other indirect fire.

(v) Specific and meaningfully varied examples within each of subclauses (I) through (IV).

(B) Analysis of current and planned integrated air and missile defense capabilities to counter the threats analyzed and characterized under subparagraph (A), including the following:

(i) Projected timelines for development, procurement, and fielding of planned integrated air and missile defense capabilities.

(ii) Projected capability gaps.

(iii) Opportunities for acceleration or need for incorporation of interim capabilities to address current and projected gaps.

(C) Analysis of current and planned capacity to meet major contingency plan requirements and ongoing global operations of the combatant commands, including the following:

(i) Current and planned numbers of integrated air and missile defense systems and formations, including munitions.

(ii) Capacity gaps in addressing combatant command requirements.

(iii) Operations tempo stress on integrated air and missile defense formations and personnel.

(iv) Plans of the Secretary to continue to increase integrated air and missile defense personnel and formations.

(D) Assessment of integrated air and missile defense architecture and enabling command and control systems, including the following:

(i) A description of the integrated air and missile defense architecture and component counter unmanned aerial systems (C-UAS) sub-architecture.

(ii) Identification of the enabling command and control (C2) systems.

(iii) Inter-connectivity of the enabling command and control systems.

(iv) Compatibility of the enabling command and control systems with planned Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2) architecture.

(E) Assessment of proponency within the Army of integrated air and missile defense and counter unmanned aerial systems, including the following:

(i) A description of the current proponency structure.

(ii) Adequacy of the current proponency structure to facilitate Army executive agency integrated air and missile defense and counter unmanned aerial systems functions for the Department of Defense.

(iii) Benefits of establishing integrated air and missile defense and counter unmanned aerial systems centers of excellence to help focus Army and joint force efforts to achieving a functional integrated air and missile defense capability and capacity to meet requirements of the combatant commands.

(3) CHARACTERIZATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall avoid broad characterizations that do not sufficiently distinguish between distinctly different threats in the same general class.

(B) EXAMPLE.—An example of a broad characterization to be avoided under such paragraph is “cruise missiles”, since such characterization does not sufficiently distinguish between current cruise missiles and emerging hypersonic cruise missiles, which may require different capabilities to counter them.

(4) REPORT AND INTERIM BRIEFING.—

(A) INTERIM BRIEFING.—Not later than December 15, 2020, the Secretary shall provide the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a briefing on the assessment being conducted by the Secretary under paragraph (1).

(B) REPORT.—Not later than February 15, 2021, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report on the findings of the Secretary with respect to the assessment conducted under paragraph (1).

(b) Review by Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.—

(1) REVIEW.—The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall review the assessment being conducted under subsection (a)(1) for potential gaps in capability and capacity to meet requirements of the National Defense Strategy.

(2) REPORT.—Not later than April 15, 2021, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report on the finding of the Vice Chairman with respect to the review conducted under paragraph (1).

(a) Report required.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than August 15, 2021, the Secretary of the Army shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) subsequent to the completion of operational testing.

(2) ELEMENTS REQUIRED.—The report required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) Certification of the IVAS acquisition strategy, to include production model costs, full rate production schedule, and identification of any changes resulting from operational testing.

(B) Certification of technology levels being utilized in the full rate production model.

(C) Certification of operational suitability and soldier acceptability of the production model IVAS.

(b) Limitation on use of funds.—Not more than 50 percent of the amounts authorized to be appropriated by this Act for fiscal year 2021 for procurement of the Integrated Visual Augmentation System may be obligated or expended until the Secretary submits to the congressional defense committees the report required under subsection (a).

(a) Plan.—Not later than January 15, 2021, the Secretary of the Army shall submit to the congressional defense committees the plan, including a timeline, to operationally deploy or forward station the two batteries of interim cruise missile defense capability procured pursuant to section 112 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1660) in an operational theater or theaters.

(b) Modification of waiver.—Section 112(b)(4) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1661) is amended to read as follows:

“(4) WAIVER.—The Secretary of the Army may waive the deadlines specified in paragraph (1):

“(A) For the deadline specified in paragraph (1)(A), if the Secretary determines that sufficient funds have not been appropriated to enable the Secretary to meet such deadline.

“(B) For the deadline specified in paragraph (1)(B), if the Secretary submits to the congressional defense committees a certification that—

“(i) allocating resources toward procurement of an integrated enduring capability would provide robust tiered and layered protection to the joint force; or

“(ii) additional time is required to complete training and preparation for operational capability.”.

(a) Contract authority.—The Secretary of the Navy may enter into a contract, beginning with fiscal year 2021, for the procurement of up to two Columbia-class submarines.

(b) Incremental funding.—With respect to a contract entered into under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Navy may use incremental funding to make payments under the contract.

(c) Liability.—Any contract entered into under subsection (a) shall provide that—

(1) any obligation of the United States to make a payment under the contract is subject to the availability of appropriations for that purpose; and

(2) total liability of the Federal Government for termination of any contract entered into shall be limited to the total amount of funding obligated to the contract at time of termination.

(2) total liability of the Federal Government for termination of any contract entered into shall be limited to the total amount of funding obligated to the contract at time of termination.

(a) Milestone B approval requirements.—Milestone B approval may not be granted for a covered program unless such program accomplishes prior to and incorporates into such approval—

(1) qualification by the Senior Technical Authority of—

(A) at least two different main propulsion engines and ancillary equipment, including the fuel and lube oil systems; and

(B) at least two different electrical generators and ancillary equipment;

(2) final results of test programs of engineering development models or prototypes for critical systems specified by the Senior Technical Authority in their final form, fit, and function and in a realistic environment; and

(3) a determination by the milestone decision authority of the minimum number of vessels, discrete test events, performance parameters to be tested, and schedule required to complete initial operational test and evaluation and demonstrate operational suitability and operational effectiveness.

(b) Qualification requirements.—The qualification required in subsection (a)(1) shall include a land-based operational demonstration of such equipment in the vessel-representative form, fit, and function for not less than 1,080 continuous hours without preventative maintenance, corrective maintenance, emergent repair, or any other form of repair or maintenance.

(c) Requirement to use qualified engines and generators.—The Secretary of the Navy shall require that covered programs use only main propulsion engines and electrical generators that are qualified under subsection (a)(1).

(d) Limitation.—The Secretary of the Navy may not release a detail design or construction request for proposals or obligate funds from a procurement account for a covered program until such program receives Milestone B approval and the milestone decision authority notifies the congressional defense committees, in writing, of the actions taken to comply with the requirements under this section.

(e) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term “covered program” means a program for—

(A) medium unmanned surface vessels; or

(B) large unmanned surface vessels.

(2) The term “Milestone B approval” has the meaning given the term in section 2366(e)(7) of title 10, United States Code.

(3) The term “milestone decision authority” means the official within the Department of Defense designated with the overall responsibility and authority for acquisition decisions for the program, including authority to approve entry of the program into the next phase of the acquisition process.

(4) The term “Senior Technical Authority” has the meaning given the term in section 8669b of title 10, United States Code.

Section 130(a) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1665), as amended by section 126 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92), is further amended by striking “for fiscal year 2019 or fiscal year 2020” and inserting “for fiscal years 2019, 2020, or 2021”.

(a) Contract authority.—

(1) PROCUREMENT AUTHORIZED.—In fiscal year 2021, the Secretary of the Navy may enter into one or more contracts for the procurement of three San Antonio-class amphibious ships and one America-class amphibious ship.

(2) PROCUREMENT IN CONJUNCTION WITH EXISTING CONTRACTS.—The ships authorized to be procured under paragraph (1) may be procured as additions to existing contracts covering such programs.

(b) Certification required.—A contract may not be entered into under subsection (a) unless the Secretary of the Navy certifies to the congressional defense committees, in writing, not later than 30 days before entry into the contract, each of the following, which shall be prepared by the milestone decision authority for such programs:

(1) The use of such a contract is consistent with the Department of the Navy’s projected force structure requirements for amphibious ships.

(2) The use of such a contract will result in significant savings compared to the total anticipated costs of carrying out the program through annual contracts. In certifying cost savings under the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall include a written explanation of—

(A) the estimated end cost and appropriated funds by fiscal year, by hull, without the authority provided in subsection (a);

(B) the estimated end cost and appropriated funds by fiscal year, by hull, with the authority provided in subsection (a);

(C) the estimated cost savings or increase by fiscal year, by hull, with the authority provided in subsection (a);

(D) the discrete actions that will accomplish such cost savings or avoidance; and

(E) the contractual actions that will ensure the estimated cost savings are realized.

(3) There is a reasonable expectation that throughout the contemplated contract period the Secretary of the Navy will request funding for the contract at the level required to avoid contract cancellation.

(4) There is a stable design for the property to be acquired and the technical risks associated with such property are not excessive.

(5) The estimates of both the cost of the contract and the anticipated cost avoidance through the use of a contract authorized under subsection (a) are realistic.

(6) The use of such a contract will promote the national security of the United States.

(7) During the fiscal year in which such contract is to be awarded, sufficient funds will be available to perform the contract in such fiscal year, and the future-years defense program (as defined under section 221 of title 10, United States Code) for such fiscal year will include the funding required to execute the program without cancellation.

(c) Authority for advance procurement.—The Secretary of the Navy may enter into one or more contracts for advance procurement associated with a vessel or vessels for which authorization to enter into a contract is provided under subsection (a), and for systems and subsystems associated with such vessels in economic order quantities when cost savings are achievable.

(d) Condition for out-year contract payments.—A contract entered into under subsection (a) shall provide that any obligation of the United States to make a payment under the contract for a fiscal year is subject to the availability of appropriations for that purpose for such fiscal year.

(e) Milestone decision authority defined.—In this section. the term “milestone decision authority” has the meaning given the term in section 2366a(d) of title 10, United States Code.

(a) Report required.—Not later than March 1, 2021, the Secretary of the Navy shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report with a fighter force structure acquisition strategy that is aligned with the results of the independent studies required under section 1064 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1576).The strategy shall establish a minimum number of F–35 and Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) aircraft that the Navy and Marine Corps would be required to purchase each year to mitigate or manage strike fighter shortfalls.

(b) Limitation on deviation from strategy.—The Department of the Navy may not deviate from the acquisition strategy established under subsection (a) until—

(1) the Secretary of the Navy receives a waiver and justification from the Secretary of Defense; and

(2) 30 days after the Secretary of the Navy notifies the congressional defense committees of the proposed deviation.

A procurement quantity of a system authorized by Congress in a National Defense Authorization Act for a given fiscal year that is subsequently appropriated by Congress in an amount greater than the quantity of such system included in the President’s annual budget request submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for such fiscal year shall not be included as a new procurement quantity in future annual budget requests.

(a) Report.—Not later than May 1, 2021, the Secretary of the Navy, in consultation with the Chief of Naval Operations and Commandant of the Marine Corps, shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the optimal composition of the carrier air wing in 2030 and 2040, as well as alternative force design concepts.

(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

(1) An analysis and justification used to reach the 50-50 mix of 4th and 5th generation aircraft for 2030.

(2) An analysis and justification for the optimal mix of carrier aircraft for 2040.

(3) A plan for incorporating unmanned aerial vehicles and associated communication capabilities to effectively implement the future force design.

(a) Report.—Not later than July 30, 2021, the Secretary of the Navy, in consultation with the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, shall submit to the congressional defense committees report with a strategy to ensure full spectrum electromagnetic superiority using the ALQ-249 Next Generation Jammer.

(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

(1) A description of the current procurement strategy of the ALQ–249 and the analysis of its capability to meet the RF frequency ranges required in a National Defense Strategy (NDS) conflict.

(2) An assessment of the ALQ–249's compatibility and ability to synchronize non-kinetic fires using other Joint Electronic Warfare (EW) platforms.

(3) A future model of an interlinked/interdependent electronic warfare menu of options for commanders at tactical, operational, and strategic levels.

(a) Authority for advance procurement and economic order quantity.—The Secretary of Defense may enter into one or more contracts, beginning with the fiscal year 2020 program year, for the procurement of economic order quantities of material and equipment for the F–35 aircraft program for use in procurement contracts to be awarded for such program during fiscal years 2021 through 2023.

(b) Limitation.—The total amount obligated in fiscal year 2021 under all contracts entered into under subsection (a) shall not exceed $493,000,000.

(c) Preliminary findings.—Before entering into a contract under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make each of the following findings with respect to such contract:

(1) The use of such a contract will result in significant savings of the total anticipated costs of carrying out the program through annual contracts.

(2) The minimum need for the property to be procured is expected to remain substantially unchanged during the contemplated contract period in terms of production rate, procurement rate, and total quantities.

(3) There is a reasonable expectation that, throughout the contemplated contract period, the Secretary will request funding for the contract at the level required to avoid contract cancellation.

(4) There is a stable design for the property to be procured, and the technical risks associated with such property are not excessive.

(5) The estimates of both the cost of the contract and the anticipated cost avoidance through the use of an economic order quantity contract are realistic.

(6) Entering into the contract will promote the national security interests of the United States.

(d) Certification requirement.—Except as provided in subsection (e), the Secretary of Defense may not enter into a contract under subsection (a) until 30 days after the Secretary certifies to the congressional defense committees, in writing, that each of the following conditions is satisfied:

(1) A sufficient number of end items of the system being acquired under such contract have been delivered at or within the most recently available estimates of the program acquisition unit cost or procurement unit cost for such system to determine that the estimates of the unit costs are realistic.

(2) During the fiscal year in which such contract is to be awarded, sufficient funds will be available to perform the contract in such fiscal year, and the future-years defense program submitted to Congress under section 221 of title 10, United States Code, for that fiscal year will include the funding required to execute the program without cancellation.

(3) The contract is a fixed-price type contract.

(4) The proposed contract provides for production at not less than minimum economic rates given the existing tooling and facilities.

(5) The Secretary has determined that each of the conditions described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of subsection (c) will be met by such contract and has provided the basis for such determination to the congressional defense committees.

(6) The determination under paragraph (5) was made after the completion of a cost analysis performed by the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation for the purpose of section 2334(f)(2) of title 10, United States Code, and the analysis supports that determination.

(e) Exception.—Notwithstanding subsection (d), the Secretary of Defense may enter into a contract under subsection (a) on or after December 1, 2020, if—

(1) the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation has not completed a cost analysis of the preliminary findings made by the Secretary under subsection (c) with respect to the contract;

(2) the Secretary certifies to the congressional defense committees, in writing, that each of the conditions described in paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (d) is satisfied; and

(3) a period of 30 days has elapsed following the date on which the Secretary submits the certification under paragraph (2).

(a) Minimum levels.—Except as provided under subsection (b), the Secretary of the Air Force shall maintain the following minima, based on Primary Mission Aircraft Inventory (PMAI):

(1) 1,182 Fighter aircraft.

(2) 190 Attack Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA).

(3) 92 Bomber aircraft.

(4) 412 Tanker aircraft.

(5) 230 Tactical airlift aircraft.

(6) 235 Strategic airlift aircraft.

(7) 84 Strategic Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft.

(8) 106 Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) aircraft.

(b) Exceptions.—The Secretary of the Air Force may reduce the number of aircraft in the PMAI of the Air Force below the minima specified in subsection (a) only if—

(1) the Secretary certifies to the congressional defense committees that such reduction is justified by the results of the new capability and requirements studies; and

(2) a period of 30 days has elapsed following the date on which the certification is made to the congressional defense committees under paragraph (1).

(c) Applicability.—The limitation in subsection (a) shall not apply to aircraft that the Secretary of the Air Force determines, on a case-by-case basis, to be no longer mission capable because of mishaps, other damage, or being uneconomical to repair.

As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of the Air Force shall seek to achieve a minimum of not fewer than 386 available operational squadrons, or equivalent organizational units, within the Air Force. In addition to the operational squadrons, the Secretary shall strive to achieve the following primary mission aircraft inventory (PMAI) numbers:

The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees recommendations for a minimum number of bomber aircraft, including penetrating bombers in addition to B–52H aircraft, to enable the Air Force to carry out its long-range penetrating strike capability.

The Secretary of the Air Force shall begin the procurement process for an alternate 25mm ammunition solution that provides a true full-spectrum target engagement capability for the F–35A aircraft.

No funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act may be obligated or expended for the Close Air Support Integration Group (CIG) or its subordinate units at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, and the Air Force may not utilize personnel or equipment in support of the CIG or its subordinate units.

The Secretary of Defense may not divest KC–10 and KC–135 aircraft in excess of the following amounts:

(a) Limitation.—The Secretary of the Air Force may not take any action that would prevent the Air Force from maintaining the fleets of U–2 aircraft or RQ–4 aircraft in their current, or improved, configurations and capabilities until the Chairman of the Joint Requirements Oversight Council certifies in writing to the appropriate committees of Congress that the capability to be fielded at the same time or before the retirement of the U–2 aircraft or RQ–4 aircraft (as the case may be) would result in equal or greater capability available to the commanders of the combatant commands and would not result in less capacity available to the commanders of the combatant commands.

(b) Waiver.—The Secretary of Defense may waive the certification requirement under subsection (a) with respect to U–2 aircraft or RQ–4 aircraft if the Secretary—

(1) determines, after analyzing sufficient and relevant data, that a loss in capacity and capability will not prevent the combatant commanders from accomplishing their missions at acceptable levels of risk; and

(2) provides to the appropriate committees of Congress a certification of such determination and supporting analysis.

(c) Appropriate committees of Congress defined.—In this section, the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—

(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

(a) In general.—The Secretary of the Air Force may not divest F–15C aircraft in the European theater until the F–15EX aircraft is integrated into the Air Force and has begun bed down actions in the European theater.

(b) Waiver.—The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Commander of the United States European Command (EUCOM), may waive the limitation under subsection (a) if the Secretary certifies to Congress the divestment is required for the national defense and that there exists sufficient resources at all times to meet NATO and EUCOM air superiority requirements for the European theater.

(a) Strategy required.—Not later than March 1, 2021, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF), in consultation with the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA), shall submit to the congressional defense committees a development and acquisition strategy to procure a capability to protect air bases and prepositioned sites in contested environments highlighted in the National Defense Strategy. The strategy should ensure a solution that is effective against current and emerging cruise missile and advanced hypersonic missile threats.

(b) Limitation on use of operation and maintenance funds.—Not more than 50 percent of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act for fiscal year 2021 for operation and maintenance for the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force and the Office of the Secretary of the Army may be obligated or expended until 15 days after submission of the strategy required under subsection (a).

The Secretary of the Air Force shall develop and implement a complete, one-time solution to the KC–46 aircraft remote visual system (RVS) operational limitations. Not later than October 1, 2020, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees an implementation strategy for the solution.

(a) Analysis.—Not later than April 1, 2021, the Secretary of the Air Force, in consultation with the commanders of the combatant commands, shall develop an analysis of current and future moving target indicator requirements across the combatant commands and operational and tactical level command and control capabilities the Advanced Battle Management System (ABMS) will require when fielded.

(b) JROC requirements.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the Secretary of the Air Force develops the analysis under subsection (a), the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) shall certify that requirements for ABMS incorporate the findings of the analysis.

(2) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—The Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) shall notify the congressional defense committees upon making the certification required under paragraph (1) and provide a briefing on the requirements and findings described in such paragraph not later than 30 days after such notification.

(a) In general.—Not later than January 1, 2021, the Secretary of the Air Force shall provide for the performance of two independent studies to devise new measures to assess cost-per-effect for key mission areas. One of the studies shall be conducted by an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, and one of the studies shall be conducted by a federally funded research and development center.

(b) Scope.—Each study conducted pursuant to subsection (a) shall address the following matters:

(1) Number of weapon systems required to meet a specified mission goal.

(2) Number of personnel required to meet a specified mission goal.

(3) Associated operation and maintenance costs necessary to facilitate respective operational constructs.

(4) Basing requirements for respective force constructs.

(5) Mission support elements required to facilitate specified operations.

(6) Defensive measures required to facilitate viable mission operations.

(7) Attrition due to enemy countermeasures and other loss factors associated with respective technologies.

(8) Associated weapon effects costs compared to alternative forms of power projection.

(c) Implementation of measures.—The Secretary of the Air Force shall, as appropriate, incorporate the findings of the studies conducted pursuant to subsection (a) in the Air Force's future force development process. The measures—

(1) should be domain and platform agnostic;

(2) should focus on how best to achieve mission goals in future operations; and

(3) shall consider including harnessing cost-per-effect assessments as a key performance parameter within the Department of Defense’s Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) requirements process.

Not later than October 1, 2020, the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics shall—

The Secretary of Defense may not during fiscal year 2021 divest or retire any A–10 aircraft, in order to ensure ongoing capabilities to counter violent extremism and provide close air support and combat search and rescue in accordance with the National Defense Strategy.

(a) In general.—Chapter 9 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 231 the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 9 of such title is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 231 the following new item:

“231a. Budgeting for life-cycle cost of aircraft for the Navy, Army, and Air Force: Annual plan and certification.”.

The Secretary of the Air Force is authorized to utilize, modify, and operate the 6 F–35 aircraft that were accepted by the Government of Turkey but never delivered because Turkey was suspended from the F–35 program.

(a) Transfer.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act and subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense shall transition to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a Chairman's Controlled Activity all of the responsibilities and functions of the Commander of United States Strategic Command that are germane to electromagnetic spectrum operations, including—

(1) advocacy for joint electronic warfare capabilities,

(2) providing contingency electronic warfare support to other combatant commands, and

(3) supporting combatant command joint training and planning related to electromagnetic spectrum operations.

(b) Responsibility of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as the Electronic Warfare Senior Designated Official.—The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as the Electronic Warfare Senior Designated Official, shall be responsible for the following:

(1) Executing the functions transitioned to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under subsection (a).

(2) Overseeing, with the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense, the development and implementation of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Superiority Strategy of the Department of Defense and subsequent Department-wide electromagnetic spectrum and electronic warfare strategies.

(3) Managing the Joint Electronic Warfare Center and the Joint Electromagnetic Preparedness for Advanced Combat organizations.

(4) Overseeing, through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations cross-functional team, the acquisition activities of the military services as they relate to electromagnetic spectrum operations.

(5) Overseeing and, as appropriate, setting standards for the individual and unit training programs of the military services and the joint training and mission rehearsal programs of the combatant commands as they relate to electromagnetic spectrum operations.

(6) Overseeing the development of tactics, techniques, and procedures germane to electromagnetic spectrum operations.

(7) Overseeing the integration of electromagnetic spectrum operations into operation plans and contingency plans.

(8) Developing and integrating into the joint warfighting concept operational concepts for electromagnetic spectrum operations, including the following:

(A) The roles and responsibilities of each of the military services and their primary contributions to the joint force.

(B) The primary targets for offensive electromagnetic spectrum operations and their alignment to the military services and relevant capabilities.

(C) The armed forces’ positioning, scheme of maneuver, kill chains, and tactics, techniques, and procedures, as appropriate, to conduct offensive electromagnetic spectrum operations.

(D) The armed forces’ positioning, scheme of maneuver, kill chains, and tactics, techniques, and procedures, as appropriate, to detect, disrupt, avoid, or render ineffective adversary electromagnetic spectrum operations.

(c) Period of effect of transfer.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The transfer required by subsection (a) and the responsibilities specified in subsection (b) shall remain in effect until such date as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff considers appropriate, except that such date shall not be earlier than the date that is 180 days after the date on which the Chairman submits to the congressional defense committees notice that—

(A) the Chairman has made a determination that—

(i) the military services’, geographic combatant commands’, and functional combatant commands’ electromagnetic spectrum operations expertise, capabilities, and execution are sufficiently robust; and

(ii) an alternative arrangement described in paragraph (2) is justified; and

(B) the Chairman intends to transfer responsibilities and activities in order to carry out such alternative arrangement.

(2) ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENT DESCRIBED.—An alternative arrangement described in this paragraph is an arrangement in which certain oversight, advocacy, and coordination functions allotted to the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by subsections (a) and (b) are performed either by a single combatant command or by the individual geographic and functional combatant commands responsible for executing electromagnetic spectrum operations with long-term supervision by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

(d) Evaluations of armed forces.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of Space Operations shall each conduct and complete an evaluation of the armed forces for their respective military services and their ability to perform the electromagnetic spectrum operations missions required of them in—

(A) the Electromagnetic Spectrum Superiority Strategy;

(B) the Joint Staff-developed concept of operations; and

(C) the operation and contingency plans of the combatant commanders.

(2) ELEMENTS.—Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall include assessment of the following:

(A) Current programs of record, including—

(i) the ability of weapon systems to perform missions in contested electromagnetic spectrum environments; and

(ii) the ability of electronic warfare capabilities to disrupt adversary operations.

(B) Future programs of record, including—

(i) the need for distributed or network-centric electronic warfare and signals intelligence capabilities; and

(ii) the need for automated and machine learning- or artificial intelligence-assisted electronic warfare capabilities.

(C) Order of battle.

(D) Individual and unit training.

(E) Tactics, techniques, and procedures, including—

(i) maneuver, distribution of assets, and the use of decoys; and

(ii) integration of nonkinetic and kinetic fires.

(e) Evaluation of combatant commands.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commander of the United States European Command, the Commander of the United States Pacific Command, and the Commander of the United States Central Command shall each conduct and complete an evaluation of the plans and posture of their respective commands to execute the electromagnetic spectrum operations envisioned in—

(A) the Electromagnetic Spectrum Superiority Strategy; and

(B) the Joint Staff-developed concept of operations.

(2) ELEMENTS.—Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall include assessment of the following:

(A) Operation and contingency plans.

(B) The manning, organizational alignment, and capability of joint electromagnetic spectrum operations cells.

(C) Mission rehearsal and exercises.

(D) Force positioning, posture, and readiness.

(f) Semiannual briefing.—Not less frequently than twice each year until January 1, 2026, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall brief the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on the implementation of this section by each of the Joint Staff, the military services, and the combatant commands.

(a) Cryptographic modernization schedules required.—Each of the Secretaries of the military departments and the heads of relevant defense agencies and field activities shall establish and maintain a cryptographic modernization schedule that specifies, for each pertinent weapon system, command and control system, or data link, including those that use commercial encryption technologies, as relevant, the following:

(1) The expiration date or cease key date for applicable cryptographic algorithms.

(2) Anticipated key extension requests for systems where cryptographic modernization is assessed to be overly burdensome and expensive or to provide limited operational utility.

(3) The funding and deployment schedule for modernized cryptographic algorithms, keys, and equipment over the Future Years Defense Program.

(b) Requirements for Chief Information Officer.—The Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense shall—

(1) oversee the construction and implementation of the cryptographic modernization schedules required by subsection (a);

(2) establish and maintain an integrated cryptographic modernization schedule for the entire Department, collating the cryptographic modernization schedules required under subsection (a); and

(3) in coordination with the Director of the National Security Agency and the Joint Staff Director for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers/Cyber, use the budget certification, standard-setting, and policy-making authorities provided in section 142 of title 10, United States Code, to amend military service and defense agency and field activity plans for key extension requests and cryptographic modernization funding and deployment that pose unacceptable risk to military operations.

(c) Annual notices.—Not later than January 1, 2022, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter until January 1, 2026, the Chief Information Officer of the Department and the Joint Staff Director for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers/Cyber shall jointly submit to the congressional defense committees notification of all—

(1) delays to or planned delays of military service and defense agency and field activity funding and deployment of modernized cryptographic algorithms, keys, and equipment over the previous year; and

(2) changes in plans or schedules surrounding key extension requests and waivers, including—

(A) unscheduled or unanticipated key extension requests; and

(B) unscheduled or unanticipated waivers and nonwaivers of scheduled or anticipated key extension requests.

The Secretary of the Air Force may not purchase any aircraft for the Air Force Special Operations Command for the purpose of “armed overwatch” until such time as the Chief of Staff of the Air Force certifies to the congressional defense committees that general purpose forces of the Air Force do not have the skill or capacity to provide close air support and armed overwatch to United States forces deployed operationally.

(a) Prohibition.—None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act for the Department of Defense may be used to acquire armed overwatch aircraft for the United States Special Operations Command, and the Department of Defense may not acquire armed overwatch aircraft for the United States Special Operations Command in fiscal year 2021.

(b) Analysis required.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than July 1, 2021, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict and the Commander of the United States Special Operations Command, shall conduct an analysis to define the special operations-peculiar requirements for armed overwatch aircraft and to determine whether acquisition of a new special operations-peculiar platform is the most cost effective means of fulfilling such requirements.

(2) ELEMENTS.—At a minimum, the analysis of alternatives required under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a description of the concept of operations for employing armed overwatch aircraft in support of ground forces;

(B) an identification of geographic regions in which armed overwatch aircraft could be deployed;

(C) an identification of the most likely antiaircraft threats in geographic areas where armed overwatch aircraft will be deployed and possible countermeasures to defeat such threats;

(D) a defined requirement for special operations-peculiar armed overwatch aircraft, including an identification of threshold and objective performance parameters for armed overwatch aircraft;

(E) an analysis of alternatives comparing various manned and unmanned aircraft in the current aircraft inventory of the United States Special Operations Command and a new platform for meeting requirements for the armed overwatch mission, including for each alternative considered;

(F) an identification of any necessary aircraft modifications and the associated cost;

(G) the annual cost of operating and sustaining such aircraft;

(H) an identification of any required military construction costs;

(I) an explanation of how the acquisition of a new armed overwatch aircraft would impact the overall fleet of special operations-peculiar aircraft and the availability of aircrews and maintainers;

(J) an explanation of why existing Air Force and United States Special Operations Command close air support and airborne intelligence capabilities are insufficient for the armed overwatch mission; and

(K) any other matters determined relevant by the Secretary of Defense.

Not later than October 1, 2020, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, in consultation with the F–35 Program Executive Officer, shall—

(a) In general.—When the Department of Defense contracts for aviation services to be performed in a foreign country, or in airspace, in which a Special Federal Aviation Regulation issued by the Federal Aviation Administration would preclude operation of such aviation services by an air carrier or commercial operator of the United States, the Secretary of Defense (or a designee of the Secretary) shall—

(1) obtain approval from the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (or a designee of the Administrator) for the air carrier or commercial operator of the United States to deviate from the Special Federal Aviation Regulation to the extent necessary to perform such aviation services;

(2) designate the aircraft of the air carrier or commercial operator of the United States to be State Aircraft of the United States when performing such aviation services; or

(3) use organic aircraft to perform such aviation services in lieu of aircraft of an air carrier or commercial operator of the United States.

(b) Construction of designation.—The designation of aircraft of an air carrier or commercial operator of the United States as State Aircraft of the United States under subsection (a)(2) shall have no effect on Federal Aviation Administration requirements for—

(1) safety oversight responsibility for the operation of aircraft so designated, except for those activities prohibited or restricted by an applicable Special Federal Aviation Regulation; and

(2) any previously issued nonpremium aviation insurance or reinsurance policy issued to the air carrier or commercial operator of the United States for the duration of aviation services performed as a State Aircraft of the United States under that subsection.

The Secretary of the Air Force and the Secretary of the Navy shall qualify and certify, for the use of United States forces, additional munitions on the F–35 aircraft that are already qualified on NATO member F–35 partner aircraft.

(a) In general.—Not later than December 1, 2021, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict and the Commander of the United States Special Operations Command shall jointly submit to the congressional defense committees an acquisition roadmap to meet the manned and unmanned airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance requirements of United States Special Operations Forces.

(b) Elements.—The roadmap required under subsection (a) shall include, at a minimum, the following:

(1) A description of the current platform requirements for manned and unmanned airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities to support United States Special Operations Forces.

(2) An analysis of the remaining service life of existing manned and unmanned airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities currently operated by United States Special Operations Forces.

(3) An identification of any current or anticipated special operations-peculiar capability gaps.

(4) A description of the future manned and unmanned intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance platform requirements of the United States Special Operations Forces, including range, payload, endurance, ability to operate in contested environments, and other requirements as appropriate.

(5) An explanation of the anticipated mix of manned and unmanned aircraft, number of platforms, and associated aircrew and maintainers.

(6) An explanation of the extent to which service-provided manned and unmanned airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities will be required in support of United States Special Operations Forces and how such capabilities will supplement and integrate with the organic capabilities possessed by United States Special Operations Forces.

(7) Any other matters deemed relevant by the Assistant Secretary and Commander.

(a) Priority objectives for Executive Agent for C-UAS.—The Executive Agent of the Joint Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-sUAS) Office, as designated by the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition and Sustainment, shall prioritize the following objectives:

(1) Select counter unmanned aerial systems that can be fielded as early as fiscal year 2021 to meet immediate operational needs in countering Group 1, 2, and 3 unmanned aerial systems with the potential to expand to other larger systems.

(2) Devise and execute a near-term plan to develop and field a select set of counter unmanned aerial systems to meet joint force requirements, beginning in fiscal year 2021.

(b) Fielding C-UAS systems in fiscal year 2021.—Pursuant to subsection (a)(1), the Executive Agent shall prioritize the selection of counter unmanned aerial systems that can be fielded in fiscal year 2021 with specific emphasis on systems that—

(1) have undergone effective combat validations;

(2) meet the operational demands of deployed forces facing the most significant threats, especially unmanned aerial systems that are not remotely piloted or are not reliant on a command link; and

(3) utilize autonomous systems and processes that increase operational effectiveness, reduce the manning demands on operational forces, and limit the need for government-funded contractor logistics support.

(c) Near-term development plan.—The plan for the near-term development of counter unmanned aerial systems prioritized under subsection (a)(2) shall ensure, at a minimum, that the development of such systems—

(1) builds, as much as practicable, upon systems that were selected for fielding in fiscal year 2021 and the criteria prioritized for their selection, as specified in subsection (b);

(2) reduces or accelerates the timeline for initial operational capability and full operational capability;

(3) utilizes a software-defined, family-of-systems approach that enables the flexible and continuous integration of different types of sensors and mitigation solutions based on the different demands of particular military installations and deployed forces, physical geographies, and threat profiles; and

(4) gives preference to commercial items, as required in section 3307 of title 41, United States Code, when making selections of counter unmanned aerial systems or component parts, including a common command and control system.

(d) Briefing.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Executive Agent shall brief the congressional defense committees on the selection process for counter unmanned aerial systems capabilities prioritized under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) and the plan prioritized under paragraph (2) of such subsection.

(e) Oversight.—The Executive Agent shall—

(1) oversee the program management and execution of all counter unmanned aerial systems being developed within the military departments on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act; and

(2) ensure that the plan prioritized under subsection (a)(2) guides future programmatic and funding decisions for activities relating to counter unmanned aerial systems, including cancellation of such activities.

(a) Production of requirements by Joint Requirements Oversight Council.—Not later than October 1, 2020, the Joint Requirements and Oversight Council (JROC) shall produce requirements for the Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2) program.

(b) Air Force certification.—Immediately after the certification of requirements produced under subsection (a), the Chief of Staff of the Air Force shall submit to the congressional defense committees a certification that the current JADC2 effort, including programmatic and architecture efforts, being led by the Air Force will meet the requirements laid out by the JROC.

(c) Certification by other services.— Not later than January 1, 2021, the chief of each other military service shall submit to the congressional defense committees a certification whether that service's efforts on multi-domain command and control are compatible with the Air Force-led JADC2 architecture.

(d) Budgeting.—The Secretary of Defense shall incorporate the expected costs for full development and implementation of the JADC2 program across the Department in the President’s budget submission to Congress for fiscal year 2022 under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code.

Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 for the use of the Department of Defense for research, development, test, and evaluation, as specified in the funding table in section 4201.

(a) Designation of senior officials.—The Under Secretary for Research and Engineering shall designate a set of senior officials to coordinate research and engineering in such technology areas as the Under Secretary considers critical for the support of the National Defense Strategy.

(b) Duties.—The duties of the senior officials designated under subsection (a) shall include, within their respective technology areas—

(1) developing and continuously updating research and technology development roadmaps, associated funding strategies, and associated technology transition strategies to ensure effective and efficient development of new capabilities and operational use of appropriate technologies;

(2) annual assessments of workforce, infrastructure, and industrial base capabilities and capacity to support the roadmaps developed under paragraph (1) and the goals of the National Defense Strategy;

(3) reviewing the relevant research and engineering budgets of appropriate organizations within the Department of Defense, including the military services, and advising the Under Secretary on—

(A) the consistency of the budgets with the roadmaps developed under paragraph (1);

(B) any technical and programmatic risks to achieving the research and technology development goals of the National Defense Strategy; and

(C) projects and activities with unwanted or inefficient duplication, including with other government agencies and the commercial sector, lack of appropriate coordination with relevant organizations, or inappropriate alignment with organizational missions and capabilities;

(4) coordinating research and engineering activities of the Department with appropriate international, interagency, and private sector organizations; and

(5) tasking the appropriate intelligence agencies to develop a direct comparison between the capabilities of the United States and the capabilities of adversaries of the United States.

(c) Annual reports.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than December 1, 2021, and not later than December 1 of each year thereafter until December 1, 2025, the Under Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report of successful examples of research and engineering activities that have—

(A) achieved significant technical progress;

(B) transitioned to formal acquisition programs;

(C) transitioned into operational use; or

(D) transferred for further commercial development or commercial sales.

(2) FORM.—Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in a publicly releasable format, but may include a classified annex.

(d) Coordination of research and engineering activities.—The Service Acquisition Executive for each military services and the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency shall each identify senior officials to ensure coordination of appropriate research and engineering activities with each of the senior officials designated under subsection (a).

(a) In general.—In carrying out the responsibilities established in section 142 of title 10, United States Code, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the Department of Defense shall—

(1) lead the cross-functional team established pursuant to subsection (c); and

(2) serve as the senior designated official for fifth-generation wireless networking (commonly known as “5G”) policy, oversight, guidance, research, and coordination in the Department.

(b) Responsibilities.—The Chief Information Officer shall have, with respect to authorities referenced in subsection (a), the following responsibilities:

(1) Proposing governance, management, and organizational policy for fifth-generation wireless networking to the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the heads of the constituent organizations of the cross-functional team established pursuant to subsection (c).

(2) Leading the cross-functional team established pursuant to subsection (c).

(c) Cross-functional team for fifth-generation wireless networking.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT REQUIRED.—The Secretary of Defense shall, in accordance with section 911(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 111 note), establish a cross-functional team for fifth-generation wireless networking in order—

(A) to advance the development and adoption of next generation wireless communication technologies, capabilities, security, and applications in the Department of Defense, the defense industrial base, and the commercial sector; and

(B) to support public-private partnership between the Department and industry regarding fifth-generation wireless networking.

(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the cross-functional team established pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be the—

(A) oversight of the implementation of the strategy developed as required by section 254 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92) for harnessing fifth-generation wireless networking technologies, coordinated across all relevant elements of the Department;

(B) coordination of research and development, implementation and acquisition activities, warfighting concept development, spectrum policy, industrial policy and commercial outreach and partnership relating to fifth-generation wireless networking in the Department of Defense, and interagency and international engagement;

(C) integration of the Department of Defense’s fifth-generation wireless networking programs and policies with major Department initiatives, programs, and policies surrounding secure microelectronics and command and control; and

(D) oversight, coordination, execution, and leadership of, as appropriate, Department of Defense initiatives to advance the national deployment of fifth-generation wireless networks and associated applications in the Federal Government and relevant commercial partners.

(d) Roles and responsibilities.—The Secretary of Defense, through the cross-functional team established under subsection (c), shall define the roles of the organizations within the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense intelligence components, military services, defense agencies and field activities, combatant commands, and the Joint Staff, for fifth-generation wireless networking policy and programs within the Department.

(e) Briefing.—Not later than March 15, 2021, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a briefing on the establishment of the cross-functional team pursuant to subsection (c) and the roles and responsibilities defined pursuant to subsection (d).

(f) Rule of construction.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as providing the Chief Information Officer immediate responsibility for the Department’s activities in fifth-generation wireless networking experimentation and science and technology development.

(2) PURVIEW OF EXPERIMENTATION AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.—The activities described in paragraph (1) shall remain within the purview of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, but shall inform and be informed by the activities of the cross-functional team established pursuant to subsection (c).

(a) Identification of use cases.—The Secretary of Defense, acting through such officers and employees of the Department of Defense as the Secretary considers appropriate, including the chief data officers and chief management officers of the military departments, shall identify a set of no fewer than five use cases of the application of existing artificial intelligence enabled systems to support improved management of enterprise acquisition, personnel, audit, or financial management functions, or other appropriate management functions, that are consistent with reform efforts that support the National Defense Strategy.

(b) Prototyping activities aligned to use cases.—The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and in coordination with the Director of the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center and such other officers and employees as the Secretary considers appropriate, shall pilot technology development and prototyping activities that leverage commercially available technologies and systems to demonstrate new artificial intelligence enabled capabilities to support the use cases identified under subsection (a).

(c) Briefing.—Not later than October 1, 2021, the Secretary shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing summarizing the activities carried out under this section.

(a) Extension of pilot program for the enhancement of the research, development, test, and evaluation centers of the Department of Defense.—Section 233(e) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note) is amended by striking “September 30, 2022” and inserting “September 30, 2025”.

(b) Extension of pilot program to improve incentives for technology transfer from Department of Defense laboratories.—Subsection (e) of section 233 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 2514 note) is amended to read as follows:

“(e) Sunset.—The pilot program under this section shall terminate on September 30, 2025.”.

Section 234 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note), as amended by section 220 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92), is further amended—

(a) Program required.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall establish a program to provide part-time or term employment in Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratories for—

(1) faculty of institutions of higher education who have expertise in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics to conduct research projects in such laboratories; and

(2) students at such institutions to assist such faculty in conducting such research projects.

(b) Number of positions.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date of the commencement of the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall, under such program, establish at least 10 positions of employment described in such subsection for faculty described in paragraph (1) of such subsection.

(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING.—Of the positions established under paragraph (1), at least five of such positions shall be for faculty conducting research in the area of artificial intelligence and machine learning.

(c) Selection.—The Secretary, acting through the directors of the laboratories described in subsection (a), shall select faculty described in paragraph (1) of such subsection for participation in the program established under such subsection on the basis of—

(1) the academic credentials and research experience of the faculty;

(2) the potential contribution to Department objectives by the research that will be conducted by the faculty under the program; and

(3) the qualifications of any students who will be assisting the faculty in such research and the role and credentials of such students.

(d) Authorities.—In carrying out the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary and the directors of the laboratories described in such subsection may—

(1) use any hiring authority available to the Secretary or the directors, including any authority available under a laboratory demonstration program, direct hiring authority under section 1599h of title 10, United States Code, and expert hiring authority under section 3109 of title 5, United States Code;

(2) utilize cooperative research and development agreements under section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a) to enable sharing of research and expertise with institutions of higher education and the private sector; and

(3) provide referral bonuses to program participants who identify students to assist in a research project under the program or to participate in laboratory internship programs and the Pathways Internship Program.

(e) Annual reports.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act and not less frequently than once each year thereafter until the date that is three years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the program established under subsection (a).

(2) CONTENTS OF FIRST REPORT.—The first report submitted under paragraph (1) shall address, at a minimum, the following:

(A) The number of faculty and students employed under the program.

(B) The laboratories employing such faculty and students.

(C) The types of research conducted or to be conducted by such faculty or students.

(3) CONTENTS OF SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.—Each report submitted under paragraph (1) after the first report shall address, at a minimum, the following:

(A) The matters set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (2).

(B) The number of interns and recent college graduates hired pursuant to referrals under subsection (d)(3).

(C) The results of research conducted under the program.

(f) Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory defined.—In this section, the term “Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory” means the entities designated by section 1105(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note).

(a) Modification regarding basic pay.—Subsection (a)(4)(A) of section 235 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92) is amended—

(1) by striking “equivalent to” and inserting “not less than”; and

(2) by inserting “and not more than the rate of basic pay payable for a position at level 15 of such schedule” before the semicolon.

(b) Background checks.—Subsection (b) of such section is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(3) BACKGROUND CHECK REQUIREMENT.—No individual may participate in the fellows program without first undergoing a background check that the Secretary considers appropriate for participation in the fellows program.”.

(a) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall research, develop, and deploy advanced technologies that support water sustainment with technologies that capture ambient humidity and harvest, recycle, and reuse water.

(b) Goal.—Under subsection (a), the Secretary shall seek to develop water systems that reduce weight and logistics support and transition such advanced technologies for use by expeditionary forces by January 1, 2025.

(c) Modular platforms.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall develop the following:

(1) Modular platforms that are easily transportable.

(2) Trailer mounted systems that will reduce resupply.

(3) Storage requirements at forward operating bases.

(d) Partnerships and existing techniques and technologies.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall seek—

(1) to enter into partnerships with foreign militaries and organizations that have proven they have the ability to operate in water constrained areas;

(2) to leverage existing techniques and technologies; and

(3) to apply such techniques and technologies to military operations carried out by the United States.

(e) Commercial off-the-shelf technologies.—In carrying out subsection (a), in addition to technology described in such subsection, the Secretary shall consider using commercial off-the-shelf technologies for cost savings and near ready deployment technologies to enable warfighters to be more self-sufficient.

(f) Cross functional teams.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish cross functional teams to determine regions where deployment of water harvesting technologies could reduce conflict and potentially eliminate the need for the presence of the Armed Forces.

(a) Sense of Congress on hypersonic capabilities.—It is the sense of Congress that development of hypersonic capabilities is a key element of the National Defense Strategy.

(b) Improving ground-based test facilities.—The Secretary of Defense shall take such actions as may be necessary to improve ground-based test facilities for the development of hypersonic capabilities, such as improving wind tunnels.

(c) Increasing flight test rate.—The Secretary shall increase the flight test rate to expedite the maturation and fielding of hypersonic technologies.

(d) Strategy and plan.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than December 30, 2020, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, in consultation with the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, shall submit to the congressional defense committees an executable strategy and plan to field air-launched and air-breathing hypersonic weapons capability before the date that is three years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) TESTING AND INFRASTRUCTURE.—The strategy and plan submitted under paragraph (1) shall cover required investments in testing and infrastructure to address the need for both flight and ground testing.

(a) Disclosure requirements.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 139 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 139 of such title is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“2374b. Disclosure requirements for recipients of research and development grants.”.

(b) Effective date.—The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on October 1, 2021, and shall apply with respect to grants for research and development that are awarded by the Department of Defense on or after that date.

(a) Assessment and comparison required.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, shall conduct an assessment and direct comparison of capabilities in emerging biotechnologies for national security purposes, including applications in material, manufacturing, and health, between the capabilities of the United States and the capabilities of adversaries of the United States.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The assessment and comparison carried out under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) An evaluation of the quantity, quality, and progress of United States fundamental and applied research for emerging biotechnology initiatives for national security purposes.

(B) An assessment of the resourcing of United States efforts to harness emerging biotechnology capabilities for national security purposes, including the supporting facilities, test infrastructure, and workforce.

(C) An intelligence assessment of adversary emerging biotechnology capabilities and research as well as an assessment of adversary intent and willingness to use emerging biotechnologies for national security purposes.

(D) An assessment of the analytic and operational subject matter expertise necessary to assess rapidly-evolving foreign military developments in biotechnology, and the current state of the workforce in the intelligence community

(E) Recommendations to improve and accelerate United States capabilities in emerging biotechnologies and the associated intelligence community expertise.

(F) Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(b) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than February 1, 2021, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the assessment carried out under subsection (a).

(2) FORM.—The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in the following formats—

(A) unclassified form, which may include a classified annex; and

(B) publically releasable form, representing appropriate information from the report under subparagraph (A).

(c) Definition of intelligence community.—In this subsection, the term “intelligence community” has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).

(a) Agreement.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to perform the services covered by this section.

(2) TIMING.—The Secretary shall seek to enter into the agreement described in paragraph (1) not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b) Review.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under this section, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall carry out a comparative analysis of efforts by China and the United States Government to recruit and retain domestic and foreign researchers and develop recommendations for the Department of Defense.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The comparative analysis carried out under paragraph (1) and the recommendations developed under such paragraph shall include the following:

(A) A list of the “talent programs” used by China and a list of the incentive programs used by the United States to recruit and retain relevant researchers.

(B) The types of researchers, scientists, other technical experts, and fields targeted by each talent program listed under subparagraph (A).

(C) The number of researchers in academia, the Department of Defense Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratories, and national security science and engineering programs of the National Nuclear Security Administration targeted by the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A).

(D) The number of personnel currently participating in the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A) and the number of researchers currently participating in the incentive programs listed under such subparagraph.

(E) The incentives offered by each of the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A) and a description of the incentives offered through incentive programs under such subparagraph to recruit and retain researchers, scientists, and other technical experts.

(F) A characterization of the national security, economic, and scientific benefits China gains through the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A) and a description of similar gains accrued to the United States through incentive programs listed under such subparagraph.

(G) A list of findings and recommendations relating to policies that can be implemented by the United States, especially the Department of Defense, to improve the relative effectiveness of United States activities to recruit and retain researchers, scientists, and other technical experts relative to China.

(c) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date of the execution of an agreement under subsection (a), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the findings National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine with respect to the review carried out under this section and the recommendations developed under this section.

(2) FORM.—The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in a publicly releasable and unclassified formats, but may include a classified annex.

(a) Demonstration required.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a demonstration to demonstrate the maturity, performance, and cost of covered technologies in order to provide additional options for providers of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networking services.

(b) Covered technologies.—For purposes of this section, a covered technology is—

(1) a disaggregated or virtualized radio access network and core where components can be provided by different vendors and interoperate through open protocols and interfaces; and

(2) one or more massive multiple input and multiple output radio arrays provided by United States companies that have the potential to compete favorably with radios produced by foreign companies in terms of cost, performance, and efficiency.

(c) Location.—The Secretary shall carry out the demonstration under subsection (a) at at least one site where the Secretary of Defense plans to deploy a fifth-generation wireless network.

(d) Coordination.—The Secretary shall carry out the demonstration under subsection (a) in coordination with at least one major United States wireless network service provider.

(a) Agreement.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to perform the services covered by this section.

(2) TIMING.—The Secretary shall seek to enter into the agreement described in paragraph (1) not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b) Independent technical review.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under subsection (a), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall carry out an independent technical review of the Order and Authorization adopted by the Federal Communications Commission on April 19, 2020 (FCC 20–48), to the extent that such order and authorization affects the devices, operations, or activities of the Department of Defense.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The independent technical review carried out under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) Comparison of the two different approaches on which the Commission relied for the order and authorized described in paragraph (1) to evaluate the potential harmful interference concerns relating to Global Positioning System devices, with a recommendation on which method most effectively mitigates risks of harmful interference with Global Positioning System devices of the Department, or relating to or with the potential to affect the operations and activities of the Department.

(B) Assessment of the potential for harmful interference to mobile satellite services, including commercial services and Global Positioning System services of the Department, or relating to or with the potential to affect the operations and activities of the Department.

(C) Review of the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures relating to, or with the potential to affect, the devices, operations, or activities of the Department.

(D) Development of recommendations associated with the findings of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in carrying out the independent technical review.

(E) Such other matters as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine determines relevant.

(c) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under subsection (a), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall, not later than nine months after the date of the execution of such agreement, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report on the findings of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine with respect to the independent technical review carried out under subsection (b) and the recommendations developed pursuant to such review.

(2) FORM.—The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in a publicly releasable and unclassified formats, but may include a classified annex.

(a) Report required.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the micro nuclear reactor programs of the Department of Defense.

(b) Contents.—The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

(1) Potential operational uses on United States and non-United States territory, including both mobile and fixed systems.

(2) Cost and schedule estimates for each new or ongoing program to reach initial operational capability, including the timeline for transition of any program currently funded using defense-wide funds to one or more military services and the identified transition partner in such military services.

(3) In consultation with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense programs, an assessment of physical security requirements for use of such reactors on domestic military installations and non-United States nondomestic installations or locations, including fully permissive, semi-permissive, and remote environments, including a preliminary design basis threat analysis.

(4) In coordination with the Secretary of State—

(A) an assessment of any agreements or changes to agreements that would be required for use of such reactors on non-United States territory;

(B) an assessment of applicability of foreign regulations or International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards for use on non-United States territory; and

(C) other policy implications of deployment of such systems on non-United States territory.

(5) In coordination with the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a summary of licensing requirements for operation of such systems on United States territory.

(6) A summary of requirements pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) for development and operation on United States territory.

(7) In consultation with the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, an assessment of any issues relating to indemnification for operation on United States or non-United States territory and any other relevant legal matters.

(8) In coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Energy, a determination of whether development, production, and deployment of such systems would require unobligated enriched uranium fuel.

(9) If the determination in paragraph (8) is that unobligated fuel would be required, in coordination with the Administrator for Nuclear Security, an assessment of the availability of such unobligated enriched uranium fuel, by year, for the estimated life of the program, considered with other United States Government demands for such fuel, including tritium production, naval nuclear propulsion, and medical isotope production.

(10) Any other considerations the Secretary determines relevant.

(c) Consultation.—In addition to consultation and coordination required under subsection (b), the Secretary shall, in producing the report required by subsection (a), consult with the Secretary of the Army, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, the Director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion, and such other officials as the Secretary considers necessary.

(d) Form.—The report submitted under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(e) Limitation on use of funds.—Not more than 20 percent of the amounts authorized to be appropriated by this Act for fiscal year 2021 for Department of Defense micro nuclear reactor programs shall be obligated or expended until the Secretary submits the report required by subsection (a) to the appropriate congressional committees.

(f) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this provision shall be construed to limit or otherwise apply to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion program as established by Executive Order No. 12344, dated February 1, 1982 (42 U.S.C. 7158 note).

(g) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Environment and Public Works, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Natural Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(2) The term “micro nuclear reactor”means a nuclear reactor with a production capacity of less than 20 megawatts.

(a) Quadrennial strategic plan.—Section 196 of title 10, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsections (c)(1)(C) and (e)(2)(B), by inserting “quadrennial” before “strategic plan”; and

(2) in subsection (d)—

(A) in the heading, by inserting “Quadrennial” before “Strategic plan”; and

(B) by inserting “quadrennial” before “strategic plan” each place it occurs.

(b) Timing and coverage of plan.—Subsection (d)(1) of such section, as amended by subsection (a)(2), is further amended—

(1) in the first sentence, by striking “two fiscal years” and inserting “four fiscal years, and within one year after release of the National Defense Strategy,” ; and

(2) in the second sentence, by striking “thirty fiscal years” and inserting “15 fiscal years”.

(c) Amendment to contents of plan.—Subsection (d)(2) of such section, as amended by subsection (a)(2), is further amended—

(1) by striking subparagraph (B);

(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) through (G) as subparagraphs (B) through (F), respectively; and

(3) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated by paragraph (2), by striking “based on current” and all that follows through the end and inserting “for test and evaluation of the Department of Defense major weapon systems based on current and emerging threats.”.

(d) Annual update to plan.—Subsection (d) of such section is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(5) (A) In addition to the quadrennial strategic plan completed under paragraph (1), the Director of the Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center shall also complete an annual update to the quadrennial strategic plan.

“(B) Each annual update completed under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:

“(i) A summary of changes to the assessment provided in the most recent quadrennial strategic plan.

“(ii) Comments and recommendations the Director considers appropriate.

“(iii) Test and evaluation challenges raised since the completion of the most recent quadrennial strategic plan.

“(iv) Actions taken or planned to address such challenges.”.

(e) Technical correction.—Subsection (d)(1) of such, as amended by subsections (a)(2) and (b), is further amended by striking “Test Resources Management Center” and inserting “Test Resource Management Center”.

(a) Limitation.—None of the funds authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 by section 201 for research, development, test, and evaluation may be used for the award of a contract for a covered vessel until the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering submits to the congressional defense committees a report and certification described in subsection (c) for such contract and covered vessel.

(b) Covered vessels.—For purposes of this section, a covered vessel is one of the following:

(1) A large unmanned surface vessel (LUSV).

(2) A medium unmanned surface vehicle (MUSV).

(3) A large displacement unmanned undersea vehicle (LDUUV).

(4) An extra-large unmanned undersea vehicle (XLUUV).

(c) Report and certification described.—A report and certification described in this subsection regarding a contract for a covered vessel is—

(1) a report—

(A) submitted to the congressional defense committees not later than 60 days after the date of the completion of an independent technical risk assessment for such covered vessel; and

(B) on the findings of the Under Secretary with respect to such assessment; and

(2) a certification, submitted to the congressional defense committees with the report described in paragraph (1), that certifies that—

(A) the Under Secretary has determined, in conjunction with the Senior Technical Authority designated under section 8669b(a)(1) of title 10, United States Code, for the class of naval vessels that includes the covered vessel, that the critical mission, hull, mechanical, and electrical subsystems of the covered vessel—

(i) have been demonstrated in vessel-representative form, fit, and function; and

(ii) have achieved performance levels equal to or greater than applicable Department of Defense threshold requirements for such class of vessels; and

(B) such contract is necessary to meet Department research, development, test, and evaluation objectives for such covered vessel that cannot otherwise be met through further land-based subsystem prototyping or other demonstration approaches.

(d) Critical mission, hull, mechanical, and electrical subsystems defined.—In this section, the term “critical mission, hull, mechanical, and electrical subsystems”, with respect to a covered vessel, includes the following subsystems:

(1) Command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance.

(2) Autonomous vessel navigation, vessel control, contact management, and contact avoidance.

(3) Communications security, including cryptopgraphy, encryption, and decryption.

(4) Main engines, including the lube oil, fuel oil, and other supporting systems.

(5) Electrical generation and distribution, including supporting systems.

(6) Military payloads.

(7) Any other subsystem identified as critical by the Senior Technical Authority designated under section 8669b(a)(1) of title 10, United States Code, for the class of naval vessels that includes the covered vessel.

(a) Documentation required.—Immediately upon the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to the congressional defense committees the following documentation relating to the Advanced Battle Management System:

(1) A list that identifies each program, project, and activity that contributes to the architecture of the Advanced Battle Management System.

(2) The final analysis of alternatives for the Advanced Battle Management System.

(3) The requirements for the networked data architecture necessary for the Advanced Battle Management System to provide multidomain command and control and battle management capabilities and a development schedule for such architecture.

(b) Limitation.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act for fiscal year 2021 for operations and maintenance for the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, not more than 25 percent may be obligated until the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary of the Air Force submits to the congressional defense committees the documentation required by subsection (a) and the Vice Chairman of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs certifies the documentation.

(c) Advanced Battle Management System.—In this section, the term “Advanced Battle Management System” means the Advanced Battle Management System of Systems capability of the Air Force, including each program, project, and activity that contributes to such capability.

Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall establish a special purpose test adjunct to the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test to address computational thinking skills relevant to military applications, including problem decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition, analytical ability, the identification of variables involved in data representation, and the ability to create algorithms and solution expressions.

Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 for the use of the Armed Forces and other activities and agencies of the Department of Defense for expenses, not otherwise provided for, for operation and maintenance, as specified in the funding table in section 4301.

(a) Definition for PFOA and PFOS.—Section 2700 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

“(4) The term ‘perfluorooctane sulfonate’ means perfluorooctane sulfonic acid or sulfonate (commonly referred to as ‘PFOS’) (Chemical Abstracts Service No. 1763-23-1) and the salts associated with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid or sulfonate (Chemical Abstracts Service Nos. 2795–39–3, 29457–72–5, 56773–42–3, 29081–56–9, and 70225–14–8).

“(5) The term ‘perfluorooctanoic acid’ means perfluorooctanoic acid (commonly referred to as ‘PFOA’) (Chemical Abstracts Service No. 335-67-1) and the salts associated with perfluorooctanoic acid (Chemical Abstracts Service Nos. 3825-26-1, 335-95-5, and 68141-02-6).”.

(b) Modification of environmental restoration accounts.—Section 2703 of such title is amended—

(1) in subsection (e)(2), by striking “environmental”;

(2) in subsection (f), by striking “to the Environmental Restoration Account, Defense, or to any environmental restoration account of a military department,” and inserting “or transferred to an account established under subsection (a)”;

(3) by striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:

“(g) Sole source of funds for responses under this chapter.—Except as provided in subsection (h), the sole source of funds for all phases of a response under this chapter shall be the applicable environmental restoration account established under subsection (a).”; and

(4) in subsection (h)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “environmental remediation” and inserting “responses”; and

(B) by striking “services procured under section 2701(d)(1) of this title” and inserting “a response”.

(c) Modification of authority for environmental restoration projects of National Guard.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2707(e) of such title is amended—

(A) by striking “Notwithstanding” and inserting “(1) Notwithstanding”;

(B) by inserting “where military activities are conducted by the National Guard of a State under title 32” after “facility”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(2) The Secretary concerned may use the authority under section 2701(d) of this title to carry out environmental restoration projects under paragraph (1).”.

(2) CORRECTION OF DEFINITION OF FACILITY.—Paragraph (2) of section 2700 of such title is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “(A) The terms” and inserting “The terms”; and

(B) by striking subparagraph (B).

(d) Extension of contract authority.—Section 2708(b) of such title is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “fiscal years 1992 through 1996” and inserting “a period specified in paragraph (3)”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(3) A period specified in this paragraph is—

“(A) the period of fiscal years 1992 through 1996; or

“(B) on or after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021”..”.

(e) Technical consistency for munitions response.—

(1) PROGRAM GOALS.—Section 2701(b)(2) of such title is amended by striking “of unexploded ordnance” and inserting “of unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents in a manner consistent with section 2710 of this title”.

(2) ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION ACCOUNTS.—Section 2703(b) of such title is amended by striking the second sentence and inserting the following new sentence: “Such remediation shall be conducted in a manner consistent with section 2710 of this title.”.

(3) TRANSFER OF DEFINITIONS.—

(A) TRANSFER.—Paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 2710(e) of such title are—

(i) transferred to section 2700 of such title;

(ii) added at the end of such section; and

(iii) redesignated as paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively.

(B) REDESIGNATION OF DEFINITIONS.—Section 2710(e) of such title is amended by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (7) as paragraphs (2) through (5), respectively.

(4) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 313(d) of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 10 U.S.C. 2710 note) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking “ ‘discarded military munitions’, ‘munitions constituents’, and ‘defense sites’” and inserting “ ‘discarded military munitions’ and ‘munitions constituents’”; and

(ii) by striking “section 2710(e)” and inserting “section 2700”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(3) The term ‘defense site’ has the meaning given such term in section 2710(e) of such title.”.

(f) Technical correction regarding cooperative agreements.—Section 332(a)(2) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “shall meet or exceed the most stringent of the following” and inserting “relating to a response shall reflect application to the response of the most protective of the following”.

(a) Use of funds.—Section 2684a(i) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(3) Funds obligated to carry out an agreement under this section shall be available for use with regard to any property in the geographic scope specified in the agreement—

“(A) at the time the funds are obligated; and

“(B) in any subsequent modification to the agreement.”.

(b) Clarification of references to eligible entities.—

(1) DEFINITION.—Subsection (b) of section 2684a of title 10, United States Code, is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “An agreement under this section may be entered into with” and inserting “For purposes of this section, an eligible entity is”.

(2) ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY AND INTERESTS.—Subsection (d)(1) of such section is amended by striking “the entity or entities” each place it appears and inserting “an eligible entity or entities”.

(3) RETROACTIVE APPLICATION.—The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply to any agreement entered into under section 2684a of title 10, United States Code, on or after December 2, 2002.

(a) Survey of technologies and market research.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a survey and market research of relevant technologies, other than fire-fighting agent solutions, to determine whether any such technologies are available and can be adapted quickly for use by the Department of Defense to execute the phase-out by the Department of the use of fluorinated aqueous film-forming foam.

(2) TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDED.—The technologies surveyed or researched under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) Hangar flooring systems.

(B) Liquid drainage flood assemblies.

(C) Fire-fighting agent delivery systems.

(D) Containment systems.

(E) Such other relevant technologies as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(b) Briefing.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall brief the congressional defense committees on the results of the survey and market research conducted under subsection (a).

(2) ELEMENTS OF BRIEFING.—The briefing required under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) A description of the technologies surveyed and researched under subsection (a).

(B) An identification of any such technologies that were considered for further testing or analysis.

(C) An identification of any other technologies useful for the phase-out by the Department of the use of fluorinated aqueous film-forming foam that are undergoing additional analysis for possible application within the Department.

(a) Modification of authority.—Section 2815 of title 10, United States Code is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting “(except as provided in subsections (d)(3) and (e))” before the period at the end;

(2) in subsection (c), by striking “A project” and inserting “Except as provided in subsection (e)(2), a project”;

(3) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (f); and

(4) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsections:

“(d) Location of projects.—Projects carried out pursuant to this section may be carried out—

“(1) on a military installation;

“(2) on a facility used by the Department of Defense that is owned and operated by a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, even if the facility is not under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, if the Secretary of Defense determines that the facility is subject to significant use by the armed forces for testing or training; or

“(3) outside of a military installation or facility described in paragraph (2) if the Secretary concerned determines that the project would preserve or enhance the resilience of—

“(A) a military installation;

“(B) a facility described in paragraph (2); or

“(C) community infrastructure determined by the Secretary concerned to be necessary to maintain, improve, or rapidly reestablish installation mission assurance and mission-essential functions.

“(e) Alternative funding source.— (1) In carrying out a project under this section, the Secretary concerned may use amounts available for operation and maintenance for the military department concerned if the Secretary concerned submits a notification to the congressional defense committees of the decision to carry out the project using such amounts and includes in the notification—

“(A) the current estimate of the cost of the project;

“(B) the source of funds for the project; and

“(C) a certification that deferral of the project for inclusion in the next Military Construction Authorization Act would be inconsistent with national security or the protection of health, safety, or environmental quality, as the case may be.

“(2) A project carried out under this section using amounts under paragraph (1) may be carried out only after the end of the 7-day period beginning on the date on which a copy of the notification described in paragraph (1) is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.

“(3) The maximum aggregate amount that the Secretary concerned may obligate from amounts available to the military department concerned for operation and maintenance in any fiscal year for projects under the authority of this subsection is $100,000,000.”.

(b) Consideration of military installation resilience in agreements and interagency cooperation.—Section 2684a of such title is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(i) by striking clause (ii); and

(ii) in clause (i)—

(I) by striking “(i)”; and

(II) by striking “; or” and inserting a semicolon;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph (3):

“(3) maintaining or improving military installation resilience; or”; and

(2) by amending subsection (h) to read as follows:

“(h) Interagency cooperation in conservation and resilience programs to avoid or reduce adverse impacts on military installation resilience and military readiness activities.—In order to facilitate interagency cooperation and enhance the effectiveness of actions that will protect the environment, military installation resilience, and military readiness, the recipient of funds provided pursuant to an agreement under this section or under the Sikes Act (16 U.S.C. 670 et seq.) may, with regard to the lands and waters within the scope of the agreement, use such funds to satisfy any matching funds or cost-sharing requirement of any conservation or resilience program of any Federal agency notwithstanding any limitation of such program on the source of matching or cost-sharing funds.”.

(a) In general.—Chapter 160 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 160 of such title is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 2711 the following new item:

“2712. Native American lands environmental mitigation program.”.

(a) In general.—Subchapter I of chapter 173 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 2919 the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections at the beginning of subchapter I of chapter 173 of such title is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 2919 the following new item:

“2920. Energy resilience and energy security measures on military installations.”.

Section 2912(a) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting “and, in the case of operational energy, from both training and operational missions,” after “under section 2913 of this title,”.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) DIRECTOR.—The term “Director” means the Director of the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program of the Department of Defense.

(2) DIRECTOR OF ARPA–E.—The term “Director of ARPA–E” means the Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy.

(3) INITIATIVE.—The term “Initiative” means the demonstration initiative established under subsection (b).

(4) JOINT PROGRAM.—The term “Joint Program” means the joint program established under subsection (d).

(b) Establishment of Initiative.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a demonstration initiative composed of demonstration projects focused on the development of long-duration energy storage technologies.

(c) Selection of projects.—To the maximum extent practicable, in selecting demonstration projects to participate in the Initiative, the Director shall—

(1) ensure a range of technology types;

(2) ensure regional diversity among projects; and

(3) consider bulk power level, distribution power level, behind-the-meter, microgrid (grid-connected or islanded mode), and off-grid applications.

(d) Joint Program.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—As part of the Initiative, the Director, in consultation with the Director of ARPA–E, shall establish within the Department of Defense a joint program to carry out projects—

(A) to demonstrate promising long-duration energy storage technologies at different scales to promote energy resiliency; and

(B) to help new, innovative long-duration energy storage technologies become commercially viable.

(2) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.—Not later than 200 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Director of ARPA–E to administer the Joint Program.

(3) INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying out the Joint Program, the Director and the Director of ARPA–E shall—

(A) use existing test-bed infrastructure at—

(i) installations of the Department of Defense; and

(ii) facilities of the Department of Energy; and

(B) develop new infrastructure for identified projects, if appropriate.

(4) GOALS AND METRICS.—The Director and the Director of ARPA–E shall develop goals and metrics for technological progress under the Joint Program consistent with energy resilience and energy security policies.

(5) SELECTION OF PROJECTS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—To the maximum extent practicable, in selecting projects to participate in the Joint Program, the Director and the Director of ARPA–E shall—

(i) ensure that projects are carried out under conditions that represent a variety of environments with different physical conditions and market constraints; and

(ii) ensure an appropriate balance of—

(I) larger, higher-cost projects; and

(II) smaller, lower-cost projects.

(B) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the Joint Program, the Director and the Director of ARPA–E shall give priority to demonstration projects that—

(i) make available to the public project information that will accelerate deployment of long-duration energy storage technologies that promote energy resiliency; and

(ii) will be carried out in the field.

(a) In general.—The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the General Services Administration, shall carry out a pilot program under which the Secretary of Defense may, notwithstanding section 400AA of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6374), purchase new alternative fuel vehicles for which the initial cost of such vehicles exceeds the initial cost of a comparable gasoline or diesel fueled vehicle by not more than 10 percent.

(b) Locations.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out the pilot program under subsection (a) at not fewer than 2 facilities or installations of the Department of Defense in the continental United States that—

(A) have the largest total number of attached noncombat vehicles as compared to other facilities or installations of the Department of Defense; and

(B) are located within 20 miles of public or private refueling or recharging stations.

(2) AIR FORCE LOGISTICS CENTER.—One of the facilities or installations selected under paragraph (1) shall be an Air Force Logistics Center.

(c) Alternative fuel vehicle defined.—In this section, the term “alternative fuel vehicle” includes a vehicle that uses—

(1) fuels derived from renewable biomass, as defined in section 211(o)(1)(I) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(1)(I));

(2) natural gas (including compressed and liquefied natural gas); or

(3) propane.

Section 356 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 771 note prec.) is amended—

Section 323(b) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1720; 10 U.S.C. 8690 note) is amended by striking “In the case of any naval vessel” and inserting “In the case of any aircraft carrier, amphibious ship, cruiser, destroyer, frigate, or littoral combat ship”.

(a) Report required.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a comprehensive report on the impact of permafrost thaw on the infrastructure, facilities, assets, and operations of the Department of Defense.

(b) Elements.—The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

(1) An identification of the infrastructure, facilities, and assets of the Department of Defense that could be impacted by permafrost thaw.

(2) For each element of infrastructure and each facility and asset identified pursuant to paragraph (1)—

(A) an assessment of the threat posed by permafrost thaw; and

(B) an estimate of potential damage in the event of likely permafrost thaw.

(3) A description of the threats and impacts posed by permafrost thaw to military and other national security operations.

(c) Consultation.—In preparing the report under subsection (a), the Secretary may consult with other Federal agencies, agencies of State and local governments, and academic institutions with expertise or experience in the effects of permafrost thaw on infrastructure, facilities, and operations.

(d) Asset defined.—In this section, the term “asset” means the following:

(1) Any aircraft, weapon system, vehicle, equipment, or gear of the Department of Defense or the Armed Forces.

(2) Any other item of the Department or the Armed Forces that the Secretary considers appropriate for purposes of this section.

(a) Plans.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that each military installation under the jurisdiction of the Secretary that does not conduct live emergency response training on an annual basis or more frequently with the civilian law enforcement and emergency response agencies responsible for responding to an emergency at the installation develops a plan to conduct such training.

(2) ELEMENTS.—Each plan developed under paragraph (1) with respect to an installation—

(A) shall include—

(i) the cost of implementing training described in paragraph (1) at the installation;

(ii) a description of any obstacles to the implementation of such training; and

(iii) recommendations for mitigating any such obstacles; and

(B) shall be designed to ensure that the civilian law enforcement and emergency response agencies described in paragraph (1) are familiar with—

(i) the physical features of the installation, including gates, buildings, armories, headquarters, command and control centers, and medical facilities; and

(ii) the emergency response personnel and procedures of the installation.

(3) SUBMITTAL OF PLANS.—

(A) SUBMITTAL TO SECRETARY.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the commander of each military installation required to develop a plan under paragraph (1) shall submit such plan to the Secretary of Defense.

(B) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a summary of the plans submitted to the Secretary under subparagraph (A).

(b) Reports on training conducted.—

(1) LIST OF INSTALLATIONS.—Not later than March 1, 2021, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a list of all military installations under the jurisdiction of the Secretary that conduct live emergency response training on an annual basis or more frequently with the civilian law enforcement and emergency response agencies responsible for responding to an emergency at the installation.

(2) ANNUAL REPORTS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the commander of each military installation under the jurisdiction of the Secretary shall submit to the Secretary a report on each live emergency response training conducted during the year covered by the report with the civilian law enforcement and emergency response agencies responsible for responding to an emergency at the installation.

(B) ELEMENTS.—Each report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to each training exercise, the following:

(i) The date and duration of the exercise.

(ii) A detailed description of the exercise.

(iii) An identification of all military and civilian personnel who participated in the exercise.

(iv) Any recommendations resulting from the exercise.

(v) The actions taken, if any, to implement such recommendations.

(C) INCLUSION IN ANNUAL BUDGET SUBMISSION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall include in the budget submitted to Congress by the President pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, a summary of any report submitted to the Secretary under subparagraph (A) during the one-year period preceding the submittal of the budget.

(ii) CLASSIFIED FORM.—The summary submitted under clause (i) may be submitted in classified form.

(D) SUNSET.—The requirement to submit annual reports under subparagraph (A) shall terminate upon the submittal of the budget described in subparagraph (C)(i) for fiscal year 2024.

(a) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the implementation by the Department of Defense of the requirements under section 246(a) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17053(a)).

(b) Elements.—The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

(1) An estimate of the cost to the Department of fully implementing the requirements under section 246(a) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; and

(2) An assessment of any problems or issues the Department is having in complying with the requirements under such section.

(c) Exception.—The report required by subsection (a) shall not apply to a fueling center of the Department with a fuel turnover rate of less than 100,000 gallons of fuel per year.

(a) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on vulnerabilities to military installations and combatant commander requirements resulting from extreme weather that builds upon the report submitted under section 335(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1358).

(b) Elements.—The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

(1) An explanation of the underlying methodology that the Department uses to assess the effects of extreme weather in the report, including through the use of a climate vulnerability and risk assessment tool as directed under section 326 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92).

(2) An assessment of how extreme weather affects low-lying military installations, military installations of the Navy and the Marine Corps, and military installations outside the United States.

(3) An assessment of how extreme weather affects access of members of the Armed Forces to training ranges.

(4) With respect to a military installation in a country outside the United States, an assessment of the collaboration between the Department of Defense and the military or civilian agencies of the government of that country or nongovernmental organizations operating in that country to adapt to risks from extreme weather.

(5) An assessment of how extreme weather affects housing safety and food security on military installations.

(6) An assessment of the strategic benefits derived from isolating infrastructure of the Department of Defense in the United States from the national electric grid and the use of energy-efficient, distributed, and smart power grids by the Armed Forces in the United States and overseas to ensure affordable access to electricity.

(7) A list of ten military installation resilience projects conducted within each military department.

(8) An overview of mitigations, in addition to current efforts undertaken by the Department, that may be necessary to ensure the continued operational viability and to increase the resilience of military installations, and the estimated costs of those mitigations.

(c) Consultation.—In developing the report required by subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Commander of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, a federally funded research and development center, and the heads of such other relevant Federal agencies as the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate.

(d) Form of report.—The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex if necessary.

(e) Publication.—Upon submittal of the report required by subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall publish the unclassified portion of the report on an Internet website of the Department of Defense that is available to the public.

(f) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) EXTREME WEATHER.—The term “extreme weather” means recurrent flooding, drought, desertification, wildfires, and thawing permafrost.

(2) UNITED STATES.—The term “United States” means the several States, the District of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the United States.

No funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act may be used to divest any manned intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Special Operations Command, and the Department of Defense may not divest any manned intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Special Operations Command in fiscal year 2021.

(a) Annual budget justification display.—Section 2805(c) of title 10, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “The Secretary concerned” and inserting “(1) The Secretary concerned”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

“(2) The Secretary of each military department, the Director of each Defense Agency, and the head of any other relevant component of the Department of Defense shall track and report to the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) relevant data regarding all overseas construction projects funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for operation and maintenance in support of contingency operations.

“(3) (A) The Secretary of Defense shall prepare, for inclusion in the annual budget submission by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, a consolidated budget justification display, in classified and unclassified form, that identifies all overseas construction projects funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for operation and maintenance in support of contingency operations.

“(B) The display prepared under subparagraph (A) shall include a list of all construction projects described in such subparagraph that were completed in the prior fiscal year, that are ongoing, or that are expected for the next five fiscal years, and shall identify for each project—

“(i) the component of the Department of Defense involved in the project;

“(ii) the location of the project;

“(iii) a brief description of the purpose of the project; and

“(iv) the actual or estimated cost of the project.”.

(b) Report on construction projects in support of contingency operations.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than March 1, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on ways to improve the development, funding, and execution of construction projects in support of overseas contingency operations, including those funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for operation and maintenance and those funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for military construction.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, the following:

(A) An examination and comparison of the time required to plan, approve, and execute construction projects funded with operation and maintenance amounts versus those funded with military construction amounts, in support of contingency operations, including construction projects in support of recent operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Eastern Europe.

(B) A description of any challenges associated with the processes of the Department of Defense for planning, approving, and executing such projects.

(C) A description of any ongoing or planned efforts to improve such processes to promote efficiency and expediency in the development and execution of such projects.

(D) Any recommendations with respect to improving such processes, including those from the commanders of the combatant commands and the Secretaries of the military departments.

Section 2465(b) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

Section 2208(l) of title 10, United States Code, is amended—

Section 9515 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (k).

(a) Management of the Operational Energy Capability Improvement Fund.—The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment shall exercise authority, direction, and control over the Operational Energy Capability Improvement Fund of the Department of Defense (in this section referred to as the “OECIF”).

(b) Alignment and coordination with related programs.—

(1) REALIGNMENT OF OECIF.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall realign the OECIF under the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment, with such realignment to include personnel positions adequate for the mission of the OECIF.

(2) BETTER COORDINATION WITH RELATED PROGRAMS.—The Assistant Secretary shall ensure that the placement under the authority of the Assistant Secretary of the OECIF along with the Strategic Environmental Research Program, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, and the Operational Energy Prototyping Program is utilized to advance common goals of the Department, promote organizational synergies, and avoid unnecessary duplication of effort.

(c) Program for operational energy prototyping.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Commencing not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment, shall carry out a program for the demonstration of technologies related to operational energy prototyping, including demonstration of operational energy technology and validation prototyping.

(2) OPERATION OF PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall ensure that the program under paragraph (1) operates in conjunction with the OECIF to promote the transfer of innovative technologies that have successfully established proof of concept for use in production or in the field.

(3) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—In carrying out the program under paragraph (1) the Secretary shall—

(A) identify and demonstrate the most promising, innovative, and cost-effective technologies and methods that address high-priority operational energy requirements of the Department of Defense;

(B) in conducting demonstrations under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) collect cost and performance data to overcome barriers against employing an innovative technology because of concerns regarding technical or programmatic risk; and

(ii) ensure that components of the Department have time to establish new requirements where necessary and plan, program, and budget for technology transition to programs of record;

(C) utilize project structures similar to those of the OECIF to ensure transparency and accountability throughout the efforts conducted under the program; and

(D) give priority, in conjunction with the OECIF, to the development and fielding of clean technologies that reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

(4) TOOL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSITION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program under paragraph (1) the Secretary shall develop and utilize a tool to track relevant investments in operational energy from applied research to transition to use to ensure user organizations have the full picture of technology maturation and development.

(B) TRANSITION.—The tool developed and utilized under subparagraph (A) shall be designed to overcome transition challenges with rigorous and well-documented demonstrations that provide the information needed by all stakeholders for acceptance of the technology.

(5) LOCATIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out the testing and evaluation phase of the program under paragraph (1) at installations of the Department of Defense or in conjunction with exercises conducted by the Joint Staff, a combatant command, or a military department.

(B) FORMAL DEMONSTRATIONS.—The Secretary shall carry out any formal demonstrations under the program under paragraph (1) at installations of the Department or in operational settings to document and validate improved warfighting performance and cost savings.