116th CONGRESS 1st Session |
To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to simplify the financial aid application process, and for other purposes.
October 15, 2019
Mr. Doggett (for himself, Mrs. Davis of California, Mrs. Beatty, Mr. Blumenauer, Ms. Brownley of California, Mr. Cárdenas, Mr. Cartwright, Ms. Judy Chu of California, Ms. Clarke of New York, Mr. Cohen, Ms. Dean, Ms. DeGette, Ms. DeLauro, Mr. DeSaulnier, Mr. Engel, Mr. Espaillat, Mr. Foster, Mr. Gallego, Mr. Garamendi, Ms. Garcia of Texas, Mr. Green of Texas, Mr. Grijalva, Ms. Haaland, Mr. Hastings, Mrs. Hayes, Mr. Higgins of New York, Mr. Himes, Ms. Jackson Lee, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, Ms. Kaptur, Mr. Kilmer, Mr. Krishnamoorthi, Mr. Larson of Connecticut, Ms. Lee of California, Mr. Levin of Michigan, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Sean Patrick Maloney of New York, Mr. McGovern, Mr. Meeks, Ms. Moore, Mr. Moulton, Mr. Nadler, Mrs. Napolitano, Ms. Norton, Mr. Price of North Carolina, Mr. Raskin, Mr. Ruppersberger, Mr. Ryan, Ms. Sánchez, Mr. Sarbanes, Ms. Schakowsky, Ms. Sewell of Alabama, Mr. Soto, Ms. Speier, Mr. Swalwell of California, Mr. Thompson of California, Ms. Titus, Mr. Tonko, Mr. Welch, Mr. Luján, Ms. Roybal-Allard, and Mr. Kennedy) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor
To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to simplify the financial aid application process, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
This Act may be cited as the “Equitable Student Aid Access Act”.
SEC. 2. Zero expected family contribution.
Section 479 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ss) is amended to read as follows:
“SEC. 479. Zero expected family contribution.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall consider an applicant to have an expected family contribution equal to zero if—
“(1) in the case of a dependent student—
“(A) (i) the student’s parents are not required to file—
“(I) a Federal income tax return; or
“(II) with respect to Internal Revenue Service Form 1040, any of the following forms: Schedule A, Schedule B, Schedule C, Schedule C–EZ, Schedule D, Schedule E, Schedule F, Schedule H, Schedule J, and Schedule SE; and
“(ii) the sum of the adjusted gross income of the parents is less than or equal to $34,000; or
“(B) the student’s parents, or the student, received a benefit at some time during the previous 24-month period under a means-tested Federal benefit program; or
“(2) in the case of an independent student without regard to whether the student has dependents other than a spouse—
“(A) (i) the student (and the student’s spouse, if any) certifies—
“(I) that the student (and the student’s spouse, if any)—
“(aa) is not required to file a Federal income tax return; or
“(bb) with respect to Internal Revenue Service Form 1040, any of the following forms: Schedule A, Schedule B, Schedule C, Schedule C–EZ, Schedule D, Schedule E, Schedule F, Schedule H, Schedule J, and Schedule SE; and
“(ii) the sum of the adjusted gross income of the student and spouse (if appropriate) is less than or equal to $34,000; or
“(B) the student received a benefit at some time during the previous 24-month period under a means-tested Federal benefit program.
“(b) Earned income credit.—An individual is not required to qualify or file for the earned income credit in order to be eligible under this section.
“(c) Adjustments.—The Secretary shall annually adjust the income level necessary to qualify an applicant for the zero expected family contribution. The income level shall be annually increased by the estimated percentage change in the Consumer Price Index, as defined in section 478(f), for the most recent calendar year ending prior to the beginning of an award year, and rounded up to the nearest $1,000.
“(d) Means-Tested Federal benefit program defined.—For purposes of this paragraph, a ‘means-tested Federal benefit program’ means a mandatory spending program of the Federal Government, other than a program under this title, in which eligibility for the program’s benefits, or the amount of such benefits, are determined on the basis of income or resources of the individual or family seeking the benefit, and may include such programs as—
“(1) the supplemental security income program under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.);
“(2) the supplemental nutrition assistance program under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), a nutrition assistance program carried out under section 19 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2028), and a supplemental nutrition assistance program carried out under section 1841(c) of title 48 of the United States Code;
“(3) the program of block grants for States for temporary assistance for needy families established under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
“(4) the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786);
“(5) the State Medicaid program under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.); and
“(6) any other program identified by the Secretary.”.
SEC. 3. Using data from second preceding year.
Section 480(a)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087vv(a)(1)(B)) is amended—
(1) by striking “may” in both places it appears and inserting “shall”; and
(2) by striking “sharing of data between” and inserting “sharing of data, to the extent such data is available, between”.
Section 485 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(1) REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFERS.—
“(A) SECRETARIAL REQUIREMENTS.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Equitable Student Aid Access Act, the Secretary shall, based on the consumer testing conducted under subparagraph (E), publish requirements for financial aid offers that shall—
“(i) include a requirement that financial aid offers shall serve as the primary source for Federal, State, and institutional financial aid information provided by an institution of higher education participating in any program under this title to each prospective student accepted for admission and each enrolled student at such institution;
“(ii) include a requirement that such offers include a standardized quick reference box described in subparagraph (D);
“(iii) establish standardized terms and definitions, including for the elements listed in subparagraph (C), that shall be included in each such offer;
“(iv) establish formatting requirements with respect to the organization of the elements listed in subparagraph (C), which shall include a requirement that prohibits such offers from displaying loans in a manner that indicates or implies that such loans reduce the amount owed to the institution or reduce the net price; and
“(v) specify the simple, plain-language, and consumer-friendly information to be included in each such offer with respect to the financial aid being offered to a student, which shall include—
“(I) an explanation of differences among each such type of financial aid, including clear explanations that—
“(aa) grants and scholarships do not have to be repaid;
“(bb) loans (including loans made under part D and private education loans (as defined in section 140 of the Truth in Lending Act)) must be repaid with interest; and
“(cc) payments under Federal-work study programs under part C are contingent on finding qualified employment and are typically disbursed incrementally in paychecks;
“(II) information encouraging students to consider loans made under part D before such private education loans;
“(III) information clarifying that students may—
“(aa) decline to accept a loan made under part D; or
“(bb) accept an amount of such loan that is less than the amount of such loan included in the financial aid offer; and
“(IV) in a case in which the institution offers a student such a loan in an amount that is less than the maximum amount for which the student is eligible, an explanation that the student is eligible for additional loans under part D.
“(B) INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—Beginning with the award year that begins not less than 1 year after the Secretary publishes requirements under subparagraph (A), each institution of higher education described in subparagraph (A)(i) shall provide a financial aid offer to each student described in such subparagraph prior to each academic year that—
“(i) shall comply with the requirements published by the Secretary under subparagraph (A); and
“(ii) may be supplemented by the institution with additional, non-contradictory information related to financial aid as long as such supplementary information uses the standardized terms and definitions described in subparagraph (A)(iii).
“(C) ELEMENTS.—A financial aid offer provided by an institution of higher education shall include the following elements with respect to the academic year for which the offer is being provided:
“(i) The cost of attendance, which shall include separately calculated subtotals of—
“(I) an itemized list of estimated direct costs owed to the institution; and
“(II) an itemized list of anticipated student expenses not covered under subclause (I).
“(ii) Federal, State, and institutional financial aid available to the student, which shall include separately calculated subtotals of—
“(I) grants and scholarships;
“(II) loans made under part D (excluding Federal Direct Parent PLUS Loans); and
“(III) Federal-work study programs under part C and other on-campus employment.
“(iii) Other options that may be available to students to cover the cost of attendance (including Federal Direct Parent PLUS Loans, tuition payment plans, savings, and earnings from other employment).
“(iv) The net price, which shall be determined by calculating the difference between—
“(I) the cost of attendance described in clause (i); and
“(II) the grants and scholarships described in clause (ii)(I).
“(v) Next step instructions, including—
“(I) the process and deadlines for accepting the financial aid; and
“(II) information about where to find additional information on the financial aid offered.
“(vi) Any other information determined necessary by the Secretary based on the consumer testing conducted under subparagraph (E), which may include the following:
“(I) An estimate of the net direct cost, which shall be determined by calculating the difference between—
“(aa) the direct costs owed to the institution described in clause (i)(I); and
“(bb) the grants and scholarships described in clause (ii)(I).
“(II) Information on average student debt, loan repayment and default rates, loan repayment options, and graduation rates.
“(III) In the case of a prospective student, the process and deadlines for enrolling at the institution.
“(IV) Information regarding the enrollment period covered by the aid offer, and whether the cost and aid estimates are based on full-time or part-time enrollment.
“(V) Information developed in consultation with the Internal Revenue Service regarding any education-related tax benefits for which a student may qualify, including American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning tax credits, deductions, exclusions, and any other such benefits.
“(D) STANDARDIZED QUICK REFERENCE BOX.—A financial aid offer provided by an institution of higher education shall include a standardized quick reference box to enable students to quickly and easily compare key information on college costs and financial aid—
“(i) that shall be included in an identical fashion for each student receiving a financial aid offer from the institution on the first page of such offer;
“(ii) the contents and structure of which shall be developed through consumer testing conducted under paragraph (E); and
“(iii) that shall include not more than 8 elements, which, at a minimum, shall include—
“(I) the cost of attendance;
“(II) grants and scholarships; and
“(III) net price (as calculated under subparagraph (C)(iv)).
“(E) CONSUMER TESTING.—The Secretary shall—
“(i) conduct consumer testing that shall serve as the basis in determining the requirements for financial aid offers published under subparagraph (A), which shall include students (including low-income students, English learners, first generation college students, veteran students, graduate students, and undergraduate students (including prospective students and returning students)), students’ families (including low-income families, families of English learners, and families with first generation college students), institutions of higher education (including representatives from two- and four-year institutions, public and private institutions, and minority-serving institutions), secondary school and postsecondary counselors, financial aid administrators, nonprofit college access organizations, and nonprofit consumer groups; and
“(ii) not later than 60 days after the publication of the requirements under subparagraph (A)—
“(I) issue a report on the findings of the consumer testing under this subparagraph; and
“(II) specify ways in which the findings are reflected in such requirements.
“(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection—
“(A) the term ‘cost of attendance’ has the meaning given the term in section 472;
“(B) the term ‘English learner’ has the meaning given the term in section 8101(20) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(20)), except that such term does not include individuals described in subparagraph (B) of such section;
“(C) the term ‘first generation college student’ has the meaning given the term in section 402A(h);
“(D) the term ‘low-income student’ has the meaning given the term in section 419N(b)(7); and
“(E) the term ‘minority-serving institution’ means an institution of higher education described in section 371(a).”.
The amendments made by this Act shall apply with respect to award years (as that term is defined in section 481(a)(1) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1088(a)(1))) beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.